Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• chromatin binding Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Distinct roles of insulin and liver X receptor in the induction and cleavage of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c."
    Hegarty B.D., Bobard A., Hainault I., Ferre P., Bossard P., Foufelle F.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:791-796(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Chromatin remodeling complex interacts with ADD1/SREBP1c to mediate insulin-dependent regulation of gene expression."
    Lee Y.S., Sohn D.H., Han D., Lee H.W., Seong R.H., Kim J.B.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:438-452(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1a regulates hepatic fatty acid partitioning by activating acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 2."
    Im S.S., Hammond L.E., Yousef L., Nugas-Selby C., Shin D.J., Seo Y.K., Fong L.G., Young S.G., Osborne T.F.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 29:4864-4872(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Salt-inducible kinase regulates hepatic lipogenesis by controlling SREBP-1c phosphorylation."
    Yoon Y.S., Seo W.Y., Lee M.W., Kim S.T., Koo S.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:10446-10452(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395.
• DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: MGI
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: HGNC-UCL <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity<br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Hepatic PCSK9 expression is regulated by nutritional status via insulin and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c."
    Costet P., Cariou B., Lambert G., Lalanne F., Lardeux B., Jarnoux A.L., Grefhorst A., Staels B., Krempf M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:6211-6218(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Kr-pok increases FASN expression by modulating the DNA binding of SREBP-1c and Sp1 at the proximal promoter."
    Jeon B.N., Kim Y.S., Choi W.I., Koh D.I., Kim M.K., Yoon J.H., Kim M.Y., Hur B., Paik P.D., Hur M.W.
    J. Lipid Res. 53:755-766(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nuclear receptor activity Source: MGI
• protein-containing complex binding Source: MGI
• protein dimerization activity Source: InterPro
• protein kinase binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Salt-inducible kinase regulates hepatic lipogenesis by controlling SREBP-1c phosphorylation."
    Yoon Y.S., Seo W.Y., Lee M.W., Kim S.T., Koo S.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:10446-10452(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395.
  • Ref.16

    "AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice."
    Li Y., Xu S., Mihaylova M.M., Zheng B., Hou X., Jiang B., Park O., Luo Z., Lefai E., Shyy J.Y., Gao B., Wierzbicki M., Verbeuren T.J., Shaw R.J., Cohen R.A., Zang M.
    Cell Metab. 13:376-388(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-389, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-354 AND SER-389.
• RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Kr-pok increases FASN expression by modulating the DNA binding of SREBP-1c and Sp1 at the proximal promoter."
    Jeon B.N., Kim Y.S., Choi W.I., Koh D.I., Kim M.K., Yoon J.H., Kim M.Y., Hur B., Paik P.D., Hur M.W.
    J. Lipid Res. 53:755-766(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGI
• sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Twist2, a novel ADD1/SREBP1c interacting protein, represses the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c."
    Lee Y.S., Lee H.H., Park J., Yoo E.J., Glackin C.A., Choi Y.I., Jeon S.H., Seong R.H., Park S.D., Kim J.B.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 31:7165-7174(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sterol response element binding Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Hepatic PCSK9 expression is regulated by nutritional status via insulin and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c."
    Costet P., Cariou B., Lambert G., Lalanne F., Lardeux B., Jarnoux A.L., Grefhorst A., Staels B., Krempf M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:6211-6218(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase is a lipogenic enzyme controlled by SREBP-1 and energy status."
    Sone H., Shimano H., Sakakura Y., Inoue N., Amemiya-Kudo M., Yahagi N., Osawa M., Suzuki H., Yokoo T., Takahashi A., Iida K., Toyoshima H., Iwama A., Yamada N.
    Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 282:E222-30(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aging Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to fatty acid Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to starvation Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepatic PCSK9 expression is regulated by nutritional status via insulin and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c."
    Costet P., Cariou B., Lambert G., Lalanne F., Lardeux B., Jarnoux A.L., Grefhorst A., Staels B., Krempf M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:6211-6218(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol metabolic process Source: MGI
• circadian rhythm Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • Ref.14

    "The basic helix-loop-helix proteins differentiated embryo chondrocyte (DEC) 1 and DEC2 function as corepressors of retinoid X receptors."
    Cho Y., Noshiro M., Choi M., Morita K., Kawamoto T., Fujimoto K., Kato Y., Makishima M.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 76:1360-1369(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INDUCTION.
• fat cell differentiation Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Kr-pok increases FASN expression by modulating the DNA binding of SREBP-1c and Sp1 at the proximal promoter."
    Jeon B.N., Kim Y.S., Choi W.I., Koh D.I., Kim M.K., Yoon J.H., Kim M.Y., Hur B., Paik P.D., Hur M.W.
    J. Lipid Res. 53:755-766(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• insulin receptor signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Chromatin remodeling complex interacts with ADD1/SREBP1c to mediate insulin-dependent regulation of gene expression."
    Lee Y.S., Sohn D.H., Han D., Lee H.W., Seong R.H., Kim J.B.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:438-452(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.16

    "AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice."
    Li Y., Xu S., Mihaylova M.M., Zheng B., Hou X., Jiang B., Park O., Luo Z., Lefai E., Shyy J.Y., Gao B., Wierzbicki M., Verbeuren T.J., Shaw R.J., Cohen R.A., Zang M.
    Cell Metab. 13:376-388(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-389, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-354 AND SER-389.
• lung development Source: Ensembl
• mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Kr-pok increases FASN expression by modulating the DNA binding of SREBP-1c and Sp1 at the proximal promoter."
    Jeon B.N., Kim Y.S., Choi W.I., Koh D.I., Kim M.K., Yoon J.H., Kim M.Y., Hur B., Paik P.D., Hur M.W.
    J. Lipid Res. 53:755-766(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of insulin secretion Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Granuphilin is activated by SREBP-1c and involved in impaired insulin secretion in diabetic mice."
    Kato T., Shimano H., Yamamoto T., Yokoo T., Endo Y., Ishikawa M., Matsuzaka T., Nakagawa Y., Kumadaki S., Yahagi N., Takahashi A., Sone H., Suzuki H., Toyoshima H., Hasty A.H., Takahashi S., Gomi H., Izumi T., Yamada N.
    Cell Metab. 4:143-154(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Chromatin remodeling complex interacts with ADD1/SREBP1c to mediate insulin-dependent regulation of gene expression."
    Lee Y.S., Sohn D.H., Han D., Lee H.W., Seong R.H., Kim J.B.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:438-452(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice causes increased renal lipid accumulation and glomerulosclerosis via a sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c-dependent pathway."
    Jiang T., Wang Z., Proctor G., Moskowitz S., Liebman S.E., Rogers T., Lucia M.S., Li J., Levi M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:32317-32325(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.7

    "Elevated levels of SREBP-2 and cholesterol synthesis in livers of mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the SREBP-1 gene."
    Shimano H., Shimomura I., Hammer R.E., Herz J., Goldstein J.L., Brown M.S., Horton J.D.
    J. Clin. Invest. 100:2115-2124(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
• positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCL <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Regulation of mouse sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) by oxysterol receptors, LXRalpha and LXRbeta."
    Repa J.J., Liang G., Ou J., Bashmakov Y., Lobaccaro J.M., Shimomura I., Shan B., Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L., Mangelsdorf D.J.
    Genes Dev. 14:2819-2830(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of histone deacetylation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Functional interaction of hepatic nuclear factor-4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha in CYP7A1 regulation is inhibited by a key lipogenic activator, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c."
    Ponugoti B., Fang S., Kemper J.K.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 21:2698-2712(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An SREBP-responsive microRNA operon contributes to a regulatory loop for intracellular lipid homeostasis."
    Jeon T.I., Esquejo R.M., Roqueta-Rivera M., Phelan P.E., Moon Y.A., Govindarajan S.S., Esau C.C., Osborne T.F.
    Cell Metab. 18:51-61(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of mouse sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) by oxysterol receptors, LXRalpha and LXRbeta."
    Repa J.J., Liang G., Ou J., Bashmakov Y., Lobaccaro J.M., Shimomura I., Shan B., Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L., Mangelsdorf D.J.
    Genes Dev. 14:2819-2830(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Twist2, a novel ADD1/SREBP1c interacting protein, represses the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c."
    Lee Y.S., Lee H.H., Park J., Yoo E.J., Glackin C.A., Choi Y.I., Jeon S.H., Seong R.H., Park S.D., Kim J.B.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 31:7165-7174(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Granuphilin is activated by SREBP-1c and involved in impaired insulin secretion in diabetic mice."
    Kato T., Shimano H., Yamamoto T., Yokoo T., Endo Y., Ishikawa M., Matsuzaka T., Nakagawa Y., Kumadaki S., Yahagi N., Takahashi A., Sone H., Suzuki H., Toyoshima H., Hasty A.H., Takahashi S., Gomi H., Izumi T., Yamada N.
    Cell Metab. 4:143-154(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Chromatin remodeling complex interacts with ADD1/SREBP1c to mediate insulin-dependent regulation of gene expression."
    Lee Y.S., Sohn D.H., Han D., Lee H.W., Seong R.H., Kim J.B.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:438-452(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Parasympathetic response in chick myocytes and mouse heart is controlled by SREBP."
    Park H.J., Georgescu S.P., Du C., Madias C., Aronovitz M.J., Welzig C.M., Wang B., Begley U., Zhang Y., Blaustein R.O., Patten R.D., Karas R.H., Van Tol H.H., Osborne T.F., Shimano H., Liao R., Link M.S., Galper J.B.
    J. Clin. Invest. 118:259-271(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.7

    "Elevated levels of SREBP-2 and cholesterol synthesis in livers of mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the SREBP-1 gene."
    Shimano H., Shimomura I., Hammer R.E., Herz J., Goldstein J.L., Brown M.S., Horton J.D.
    J. Clin. Invest. 100:2115-2124(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
• positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Salt-inducible kinase regulates hepatic lipogenesis by controlling SREBP-1c phosphorylation."
    Yoon Y.S., Seo W.Y., Lee M.W., Kim S.T., Koo S.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:10446-10452(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395.
• regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion Source: MGI
• regulation of fatty acid metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1a regulates hepatic fatty acid partitioning by activating acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 2."
    Im S.S., Hammond L.E., Yousef L., Nugas-Selby C., Shin D.J., Seo Y.K., Fong L.G., Young S.G., Osborne T.F.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 29:4864-4872(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of heart rate by chemical signal Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Parasympathetic response in chick myocytes and mouse heart is controlled by SREBP."
    Park H.J., Georgescu S.P., Du C., Madias C., Aronovitz M.J., Welzig C.M., Wang B., Begley U., Zhang Y., Blaustein R.O., Patten R.D., Karas R.H., Van Tol H.H., Osborne T.F., Shimano H., Liao R., Link M.S., Galper J.B.
    J. Clin. Invest. 118:259-271(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "SREBP1 is required for the induction by glucose of pancreatic beta-cell genes involved in glucose sensing."
    Diraison F., Ravier M.A., Richards S.K., Smith R.M., Shimano H., Rutter G.A.
    J. Lipid Res. 49:814-822(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of protein stability Source: MGI
• regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion Source: MGI
• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.16

    "AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice."
    Li Y., Xu S., Mihaylova M.M., Zheng B., Hou X., Jiang B., Park O., Luo Z., Lefai E., Shyy J.Y., Gao B., Wierzbicki M., Verbeuren T.J., Shaw R.J., Cohen R.A., Zang M.
    Cell Metab. 13:376-388(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-389, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-354 AND SER-389.
• response to cAMP Source: Ensembl
• response to food Source: Ensembl
• response to glucagon Source: Ensembl
• response to glucose Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "SREBP1 is required for the induction by glucose of pancreatic beta-cell genes involved in glucose sensing."
    Diraison F., Ravier M.A., Richards S.K., Smith R.M., Shimano H., Rutter G.A.
    J. Lipid Res. 49:814-822(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipid Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to progesterone Source: Ensembl
• response to retinoic acid Source: Ensembl
• SREBP signaling pathway Source: MGI

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Pathology and Biotech' section describes the in vivo effects caused by ablation of the gene (or one or more transcripts) coding for the protein described in the entry. This includes gene knockout and knockdown, provided experiments have been performed in the context of a whole organism or a specific tissue, and not at the single-cell level.<p><a href='/help/disruption_phenotype' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Disruption phenotypeⁱ

Mutagenesis

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• protein dimerization activity Source: InterPro
• protein kinase binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Salt-inducible kinase regulates hepatic lipogenesis by controlling SREBP-1c phosphorylation."
    Yoon Y.S., Seo W.Y., Lee M.W., Kim S.T., Koo S.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:10446-10452(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-331; SER-332 AND SER-395.
  • Ref.16

    "AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice."
    Li Y., Xu S., Mihaylova M.M., Zheng B., Hou X., Jiang B., Park O., Luo Z., Lefai E., Shyy J.Y., Gao B., Wierzbicki M., Verbeuren T.J., Shaw R.J., Cohen R.A., Zang M.
    Cell Metab. 13:376-388(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-389, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-354 AND SER-389.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Motif

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (4+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 4 described isoforms and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MDELAFGEAA LEQTLAEMCE LDTAVLNDIE DMLQLINNQD SDFPGLFDAP 
        60         70         80         90        100
YAGGETGDTG PSSPGANSPE SFSSASLASS LEAFLGGPKV TPAPLSPPPS 
       110        120        130        140        150
APAALKMYPS VSPFSPGPGI KEEPVPLTIL QPAAPQPSPG TLLPPSFPAP 
       160        170        180        190        200
PVQLSPAPVL GYSSLPSGFS GTLPGNTQQP PSSLPLAPAP GVLPTPALHT 
       210        220        230        240        250
QVQSLASQQP LPASAAPRTN TVTSQVQQVP VVLQPHFIKA DSLLLTAVKT 
       260        270        280        290        300
DAGATVKTAG ISTLAPGTAV QAGPLQTLVS GGTILATVPL VVDTDKLPIH 
       310        320        330        340        350
RLAAGSKALG SAQSRGEKRT AHNAIEKRYR SSINDKIVEL KDLVVGTEAK 
       360        370        380        390        400
LNKSAVLRKA IDYIRFLQHS NQKLKQENLT LRSAHKSKSL KDLVSACGSG 
       410        420        430        440        450
GGTDVSMEGM KPEVVETLTP PPSDAGSPSQ SSPLSFGSRA SSSGGSDSEP 
       460        470        480        490        500
DSPAFEDSQV KAQRLPSHSR GMLDRSRLAL CVLAFLCLTC NPLASLFGWG 
       510        520        530        540        550
ILTPSDATGT HRSSGRSMLE AESRDGSNWT QWLLPPLVWL ANGLLVLACL 
       560        570        580        590        600
ALLFVYGEPV TRPHSGPAVH FWRHRKQADL DLARGDFPQA AQQLWLALQA 
       610        620        630        640        650
LGRPLPTSNL DLACSLLWNL IRHLLQRLWV GRWLAGQAGG LLRDRGLRKD 
       660        670        680        690        700
ARASARDAAV VYHKLHQLHA MGKYTGGHLA ASNLALSALN LAECAGDAIS 
       710        720        730        740        750
MATLAEIYVA AALRVKTSLP RALHFLTRFF LSSARQACLA QSGSVPLAMQ 
       760        770        780        790        800
WLCHPVGHRF FVDGDWAVHG APPESLYSVA GNPVDPLAQV TRLFREHLLE 
       810        820        830        840        850
RALNCIAQPS PGAADGDREF SDALGYLQLL NSCSDAAGAP ACSFSVSSSM 
       860        870        880        890        900
AATTGPDPVA KWWASLTAVV IHWLRRDEEA AERLYPLVEH IPQVLQDTER 
       910        920        930        940        950
PLPRAALYSF KAARALLDHR KVESSPASLA ICEKASGYLR DSLASTPTGS 
       960        970        980        990       1000
SIDKAMQLLL CDLLLVARTS LWQRQQSPAS VQVAHGTSNG PQASALELRG 
      1010       1020       1030       1040       1050
FQHDLSSLRR LAQSFRPAMR RVFLHEATAR LMAGASPART HQLLDRSLRR 
      1060       1070       1080       1090       1100
RAGSSGKGGT TAELEPRPTW REHTEALLLA SCYLPPAFLS APGQRMSMLA 
      1110       1120       1130 
EAARTVEKLG DHRLLLDCQQ MLLRLGGGTT VTSS                  

        10         20         30         40         50
MDELAFGEAA LEQTLAEMCE LDTAVLNDIE DMLQLINNQD SDFPGLFDAP 
        60         70         80         90        100
YAGGETGDTG PSSPGANSPE SFSSASLASS LEAFLGGPKP AAPQPSPGTL 
       110        120        130        140        150
LPPSFPAPPV QLSPAPVLGY SSLPSGFSGT LPGNTQQPPS SLPLAPAPGV 
       160        170        180        190        200
LPTPALHTQV QSLASQQPLP ASAAPRTNTV TSQVQQVPVV LQPHFIKADS 
       210        220        230        240        250
LLLTAVKTDA GATVKTAGIS TLAPGTAVQA GPLQTLVSGG TILATVPLVV 
       260        270        280        290        300
DTDKLPIHRL AAGSKALGSA QSRGEKRTAH NAIEKRYRSS INDKIVELKD 
       310        320        330        340        350
LVVGTEAKLN KSAVLRKAID YIRFLQHSNQ KLKQENLTLR SAHKSKSLKD 
       360        370        380        390        400
LVSACGSGGG TDVSMEGMKP EVVETLTPPP SDAGSPSQSS PLSFGSRASS 
       410        420        430        440        450
SGGSDSEPDS PAFEDSQVKA QRLPSHSRGM LDRSRLALCV LAFLCLTCNP 
       460        470        480        490        500
LASLFGWGIL TPSDATGTHR SSGRSMLEAE SRDGSNWTQW LLPPLVWLAN 
       510        520        530        540        550
GLLVLACLAL LFVYGEPVTR PHSGPAVHFW RHRKQADLDL ARGDFPQAAQ 
       560        570        580        590        600
QLWLALQALG RPLPTSNLDL ACSLLWNLIR HLLQRLWVGR WLAGQAGGLL 
       610        620        630        640        650
RDRGLRKDAR ASARDAAVVY HKLHQLHAMG KYTGGHLAAS NLALSALNLA 
       660        670        680        690        700
ECAGDAISMA TLAEIYVAAA LRVKTSLPRA LHFLTRFFLS SARQACLAQS 
       710        720        730        740        750
GSVPLAMQWL CHPVGHRFFV DGDWAVHGAP PESLYSVAGN PVDPLAQVTR 
       760        770        780        790        800
LFREHLLERA LNCIAQPSPG AADGDREFSD ALGYLQLLNS CSDAAGAPAC 
       810        820        830        840        850
SFSVSSSMAA TTGPDPVAKW WASLTAVVIH WLRRDEEAAE RLYPLVEHIP 
       860        870        880        890        900
QVLQDTERPL PRAALYSFKA ARALLDHRKV ESSPASLAIC EKASGYLRDS 
       910        920        930        940        950
LASTPTGSSI DKAMQLLLCD LLLVARTSLW QRQQSPASVQ VAHGTSNGPQ 
       960        970        980        990       1000
ASALELRGFQ HDLSSLRRLA QSFRPAMRRV FLHEATARLM AGASPARTHQ 
      1010       1020       1030       1040       1050
LLDRSLRRRA GSSGKGGTTA ELEPRPTWRE HTEALLLASC YLPPAFLSAP 
      1060       1070       1080       1090 
GQRMSMLAEA ARTVEKLGDH RLLLDCQQML LRLGGGTTVT SS         

        10         20         30         40         50
MDCTFEDMLQ LINNQDSDFP GLFDAPYAGG ETGDTGPSSP GANSPESFSS 
        60         70         80         90        100
ASLASSLEAF LGGPKVTPAP LSPPPSAPAA LKMYPSVSPF SPGPGIKEEP 
       110        120        130        140        150
VPLTILQPAA PQPSPGTLLP PSFPAPPVQL SPAPVLGYSS LPSGFSGTLP 
       160        170        180        190        200
GNTQQPPSSL PLAPAPGVLP TPALHTQVQS LASQQPLPAS AAPRTNTVTS 
       210        220        230        240        250
QVQQVPVVLQ PHFIKADSLL LTAVKTDAGA TVKTAGISTL APGTAVQAGP 
       260        270        280        290        300
LQTLVSGGTI LATVPLVVDT DKLPIHRLAA GSKALGSAQS RGEKRTAHNA 
       310        320        330        340        350
IEKRYRSSIN DKIVELKDLV VGTEAKLNKS AVLRKAIDYI RFLQHSNQKL 
       360        370        380        390        400
KQENLTLRSA HKSKSLKDLV SACGSGGGTD VSMEGMKPEV VETLTPPPSD 
       410        420        430        440        450
AGSPSQSSPL SFGSRASSSG GSDSEPDSPA FEDSQVKAQR LPSHSRGMLD 
       460        470        480        490        500
RSRLALCVLA FLCLTCNPLA SLFGWGILTP SDATGTHRSS GRSMLEAESR 
       510        520        530        540        550
DGSNWTQWLL PPLVWLANGL LVLACLALLF VYGEPVTRPH SGPAVHFWRH 
       560        570        580        590        600
RKQADLDLAR GDFPQAAQQL WLALQALGRP LPTSNLDLAC SLLWNLIRHL 
       610        620        630        640        650
LQRLWVGRWL AGQAGGLLRD RGLRKDARAS ARDAAVVYHK LHQLHAMGKY 
       660        670        680        690        700
TGGHLAASNL ALSALNLAEC AGDAISMATL AEIYVAAALR VKTSLPRALH 
       710        720        730        740        750
FLTRFFLSSA RQACLAQSGS VPLAMQWLCH PVGHRFFVDG DWAVHGAPPE 
       760        770        780        790        800
SLYSVAGNPV DPLAQVTRLF REHLLERALN CIAQPSPGAA DGDREFSDAL 
       810        820        830        840        850
GYLQLLNSCS DAAGAPACSF SVSSSMAATT GPDPVAKWWA SLTAVVIHWL 
       860        870        880        890        900
RRDEEAAERL YPLVEHIPQV LQDTERPLPR AALYSFKAAR ALLDHRKVES 
       910        920        930        940        950
SPASLAICEK ASGYLRDSLA STPTGSSIDK AMQLLLCDLL LVARTSLWQR 
       960        970        980        990       1000
QQSPASVQVA HGTSNGPQAS ALELRGFQHD LSSLRRLAQS FRPAMRRVFL 
      1010       1020       1030       1040       1050
HEATARLMAG ASPARTHQLL DRSLRRRAGS SGKGGTTAEL EPRPTWREHT 
      1060       1070       1080       1090       1100
EALLLASCYL PPAFLSAPGQ RMSMLAEAAR TVEKLGDHRL LLDCQQMLLR 
      1110
LGGGTTVTSS                                             

        10         20         30         40         50
MDCTFEDMLQ LINNQDSDFP GLFDAPYAGG ETGDTGPSSP GANSPESFSS 
        60         70         80         90        100
ASLASSLEAF LGGPKPAAPQ PSPGTLLPPS FPAPPVQLSP APVLGYSSLP 
       110        120        130        140        150
SGFSGTLPGN TQQPPSSLPL APAPGVLPTP ALHTQVQSLA SQQPLPASAA 
       160        170        180        190        200
PRTNTVTSQV QQVPVVLQPH FIKADSLLLT AVKTDAGATV KTAGISTLAP 
       210        220        230        240        250
GTAVQAGPLQ TLVSGGTILA TVPLVVDTDK LPIHRLAAGS KALGSAQSRG 
       260        270        280        290        300
EKRTAHNAIE KRYRSSINDK IVELKDLVVG TEAKLNKSAV LRKAIDYIRF 
       310        320        330        340        350
LQHSNQKLKQ ENLTLRSAHK SKSLKDLVSA CGSGGGTDVS MEGMKPEVVE 
       360        370        380        390        400
TLTPPPSDAG SPSQSSPLSF GSRASSSGGS DSEPDSPAFE DSQVKAQRLP 
       410        420        430        440        450
SHSRGMLDRS RLALCVLAFL CLTCNPLASL FGWGILTPSD ATGTHRSSGR 
       460        470        480        490        500
SMLEAESRDG SNWTQWLLPP LVWLANGLLV LACLALLFVY GEPVTRPHSG 
       510        520        530        540        550
PAVHFWRHRK QADLDLARGD FPQAAQQLWL ALQALGRPLP TSNLDLACSL 
       560        570        580        590        600
LWNLIRHLLQ RLWVGRWLAG QAGGLLRDRG LRKDARASAR DAAVVYHKLH 
       610        620        630        640        650
QLHAMGKYTG GHLAASNLAL SALNLAECAG DAISMATLAE IYVAAALRVK 
       660        670        680        690        700
TSLPRALHFL TRFFLSSARQ ACLAQSGSVP LAMQWLCHPV GHRFFVDGDW 
       710        720        730        740        750
AVHGAPPESL YSVAGNPVDP LAQVTRLFRE HLLERALNCI AQPSPGAADG 
       760        770        780        790        800
DREFSDALGY LQLLNSCSDA AGAPACSFSV SSSMAATTGP DPVAKWWASL 
       810        820        830        840        850
TAVVIHWLRR DEEAAERLYP LVEHIPQVLQ DTERPLPRAA LYSFKAARAL 
       860        870        880        890        900
LDHRKVESSP ASLAICEKAS GYLRDSLAST PTGSSIDKAM QLLLCDLLLV 
       910        920        930        940        950
ARTSLWQRQQ SPASVQVAHG TSNGPQASAL ELRGFQHDLS SLRRLAQSFR 
       960        970        980        990       1000
PAMRRVFLHE ATARLMAGAS PARTHQLLDR SLRRRAGSSG KGGTTAELEP 
      1010       1020       1030       1040       1050
RPTWREHTEA LLLASCYLPP AFLSAPGQRM SMLAEAARTV EKLGDHRLLL 
      1060 
DCQQMLLRLG GGTTVTSS                                    

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot