Probable insulin-like peptide 2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Miscellaneous

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• hormone activity Source: InterPro
• insulin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• receptor ligand activity Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Total Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptide 2 (DILP2)."
    Lin F., Hossain M.A., Post S., Karashchuk G., Tatar M., De Meyts P., Wade J.D.
    Aust. J. Chem. 70:208-212(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptides DILP2 and DILP5 Differentially Stimulate Cell Signaling and Glycogen Phosphorylase to Regulate Longevity."
    Post S., Karashchuk G., Wade J.D., Sajid W., De Meyts P., Tatar M.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:245-245(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• carbohydrate utilization Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Deletion of Drosophila insulin-like peptides causes growth defects and metabolic abnormalities."
    Zhang H., Liu J., Li C.R., Momen B., Kohanski R.A., Pick L.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:19617-19622(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "A genetic strategy to measure circulating Drosophila insulin reveals genes regulating insulin production and secretion."
    Park S., Alfa R.W., Topper S.M., Kim G.E., Kockel L., Kim S.K.
    PLoS Genet. 10:e1004555-e1004555(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• determination of adult lifespan Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Molecular evolution and functional characterization of Drosophila insulin-like peptides."
    Gronke S., Clarke D.F., Broughton S., Andrews T.D., Partridge L.
    PLoS Genet. 6:e1000857-e1000857(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• female mating behavior Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Insulin signalling regulates remating in female Drosophila."
    Wigby S., Slack C., Gronke S., Martinez P., Calboli F.C., Chapman T., Partridge L.
    Proc. Biol. Sci. 278:424-431(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Insulin levels control female germline stem cell maintenance via the niche in Drosophila."
    Hsu H.J., Drummond-Barbosa D.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:1117-1121(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glucose homeostasis Source: FlyBaseInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Drosophila glucome screening identifies Ck1alpha as a regulator of mammalian glucose metabolism."
    Ugrankar R., Berglund E., Akdemir F., Tran C., Kim M.S., Noh J., Schneider R., Ebert B., Graff J.M.
    Nat Commun 6:7102-7102(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• insulin receptor signaling pathway Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Total Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptide 2 (DILP2)."
    Lin F., Hossain M.A., Post S., Karashchuk G., Tatar M., De Meyts P., Wade J.D.
    Aust. J. Chem. 70:208-212(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptides DILP2 and DILP5 Differentially Stimulate Cell Signaling and Glycogen Phosphorylase to Regulate Longevity."
    Post S., Karashchuk G., Wade J.D., Sajid W., De Meyts P., Tatar M.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:245-245(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• larval feeding behavior Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Regulation of hunger-driven behaviors by neural ribosomal S6 kinase in Drosophila."
    Wu Q., Zhang Y., Xu J., Shen P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:13289-13294(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• locomotor rhythm Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Lowered insulin signalling ameliorates age-related sleep fragmentation in Drosophila."
    Metaxakis A., Tain L.S., Gronke S., Hendrich O., Hinze Y., Birras U., Partridge L.
    PLoS Biol. 12:e1001824-e1001824(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The Insulin-Like Proteins dILPs-2/5 Determine Diapause Inducibility in Drosophila."
    Schiesari L., Andreatta G., Kyriacou C.P., O'Connor M.B., Costa R.
    PLoS ONE 11:e0163680-e0163680(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of feeding behavior Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Minibrain/Dyrk1a regulates food intake through the Sir2-FOXO-sNPF/NPY pathway in Drosophila and mammals."
    Hong S.H., Lee K.S., Kwak S.J., Kim A.K., Bai H., Jung M.S., Kwon O.Y., Song W.J., Tatar M., Yu K.
    PLoS Genet. 8:e1002857-e1002857(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptides DILP2 and DILP5 Differentially Stimulate Cell Signaling and Glycogen Phosphorylase to Regulate Longevity."
    Post S., Karashchuk G., Wade J.D., Sajid W., De Meyts P., Tatar M.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:245-245(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation Source: Reactome
• positive regulation of cell growth Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• positive regulation of cell size Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• positive regulation of multicellular organism growth Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Imp-L2, a putative homolog of vertebrate IGF-binding protein 7, counteracts insulin signaling in Drosophila and is essential for starvation resistance."
    Honegger B., Galic M., Kohler K., Wittwer F., Brogiolo W., Hafen E., Stocker H.
    J. Biol. 7:10-10(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Deletion of Drosophila insulin-like peptides causes growth defects and metabolic abnormalities."
    Zhang H., Liu J., Li C.R., Momen B., Kohanski R.A., Pick L.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:19617-19622(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of organ growth Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Imp-L2, a putative homolog of vertebrate IGF-binding protein 7, counteracts insulin signaling in Drosophila and is essential for starvation resistance."
    Honegger B., Galic M., Kohler K., Wittwer F., Brogiolo W., Hafen E., Stocker H.
    J. Biol. 7:10-10(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell size Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• regulation of growth rate Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Molecular evolution and functional characterization of Drosophila insulin-like peptides."
    Gronke S., Clarke D.F., Broughton S., Andrews T.D., Partridge L.
    PLoS Genet. 6:e1000857-e1000857(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of multicellular organism growth Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• regulation of organ growth Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• response to amino acid starvation Source: FlyBaseInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Dietary sugar promotes systemic TOR activation in Drosophila through AKH-dependent selective secretion of Dilp3."
    Kim J., Neufeld T.P.
    Nat Commun 6:6846-6846(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to food Source: FlyBaseInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Sir2 Acts through Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 to maintain insulin Signaling and Metabolic Homeostasis in Drosophila."
    Palu R.A., Thummel C.S.
    PLoS Genet. 12:e1005978-e1005978(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sleep Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Lowered insulin signalling ameliorates age-related sleep fragmentation in Drosophila."
    Metaxakis A., Tain L.S., Gronke S., Hendrich O., Hinze Y., Birras U., Partridge L.
    PLoS Biol. 12:e1001824-e1001824(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride homeostasis Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Deletion of Drosophila insulin-like peptides causes growth defects and metabolic abnormalities."
    Zhang H., Liu J., Li C.R., Momen B., Kohanski R.A., Pick L.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:19617-19622(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of the gene product at various stages of a cell, tissue or organism development. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at the protein level’.<p><a href='/help/developmental_stage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Developmental stageⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• hormone activity Source: InterPro
• insulin receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control."
    Brogiolo W., Stocker H., Ikeya T., Rintelen F., Fernandez R., Hafen E.
    Curr. Biol. 11:213-221(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• receptor ligand activity Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Total Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptide 2 (DILP2)."
    Lin F., Hossain M.A., Post S., Karashchuk G., Tatar M., De Meyts P., Wade J.D.
    Aust. J. Chem. 70:208-212(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptides DILP2 and DILP5 Differentially Stimulate Cell Signaling and Glycogen Phosphorylase to Regulate Longevity."
    Post S., Karashchuk G., Wade J.D., Sajid W., De Meyts P., Tatar M.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:245-245(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MSKPLSFISM VAVILLASST VKLAQGTLCS EKLNEVLSMV CEEYNPVIPH 
        60         70         80         90        100
KRAMPGADSD LDALNPLQFV QEFEEEDNSI SEPLRSALFP GSYLGGVLNS 
       110        120        130 
LAEVRRRTRQ RQGIVERCCK KSCDMKALRE YCSVVRN               

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. Drosophila
   Drosophila: entries, gene names and cross-references to FlyBase