UniProtKB - Q9TUI9 (APEL_BOVIN)
Protein
Apelin
Gene
APLN
Organism
Bos taurus (Bovine)
Status
Functioni
Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (PubMed:9792798). Drives internalization of APLNR (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (By similarity).By similarity1 Publication
GO - Molecular functioni
- apelin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB
- hormone activity Source: UniProtKB
GO - Biological processi
- angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB-KW
- apelin receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
- coronary vasculature development Source: UniProtKB
- drinking behavior Source: UniProtKB
- gastrulation Source: UniProtKB-KW
- negative regulation of blood pressure Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of heart contraction Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Developmental protein, Hormone |
Biological process | Angiogenesis, Gastrulation |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | |
Gene namesi | Name:APLN Synonyms:APEL |
Organismi | Bos taurus (Bovine) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 9913 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Laurasiatheria › Artiodactyla › Ruminantia › Pecora › Bovidae › Bovinae › Bos |
Proteomesi |
|
Subcellular locationi
Extracellular region or secreted
- Secreted 2 Publications
- extracellular space 1 Publication
Note: Abundantly secreted in the colostrum (PubMed:10525157). Lower level in milk (PubMed:10525157). Decreases rapidly within several days after parturition in milk, but is still detectable even in commercial milk (PubMed:10525157).1 Publication
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular region Source: UniProtKB
- extracellular space Source: GO_Central
Keywords - Cellular componenti
SecretedPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Signal peptidei | 1 – 22 | Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 22 | |
PropeptideiPRO_0000001754 | 23 – 41 | 1 PublicationAdd BLAST | 19 | |
PeptideiPRO_0000001755 | 42 – 77 | Apelin-36Add BLAST | 36 | |
PeptideiPRO_0000001756 | 47 – 77 | Apelin-31Add BLAST | 31 | |
PeptideiPRO_0000001757 | 50 – 77 | Apelin-28Add BLAST | 28 | |
PeptideiPRO_0000001758 | 65 – 77 | Apelin-13Add BLAST | 13 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 65 | Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid1 Publication | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
At least 5 active peptides may be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor (PubMed:9792798).1 Publication
Keywords - PTMi
Cleavage on pair of basic residues, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acidProteomic databases
PaxDbi | Q9TUI9 |
Expressioni
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSBTAG00000019993, Expressed in scapular muscle and 16 other tissues |
Interactioni
GO - Molecular functioni
- apelin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB
- hormone activity Source: UniProtKB
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 9913.ENSBTAP00000026630 |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the apelin family.Curated
Keywords - Domaini
SignalPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG502S9TY, Eukaryota |
HOGENOMi | CLU_198461_0_0_1 |
InParanoidi | Q9TUI9 |
OMAi | CGVPLMQ |
OrthoDBi | 1632257at2759 |
TreeFami | TF339660 |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR026155, Apelin |
PANTHERi | PTHR15953, PTHR15953, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF15360, Apelin, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
Q9TUI9-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MNLRRCVQAL LLLWLCLSAV CGGPLLQTSD GKEMEEGTIR YLVQPRGPRS
60 70
GPGPWQGGRR KFRRQRPRLS HKGPMPF
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AB023492 mRNA Translation: BAA84974.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_776928.1, NM_174503.1 XP_005227542.1, XM_005227485.3 XP_010819696.1, XM_010821394.2 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 282143 |
KEGGi | bta:282143 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AB023492 mRNA Translation: BAA84974.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_776928.1, NM_174503.1 XP_005227542.1, XM_005227485.3 XP_010819696.1, XM_010821394.2 |
3D structure databases
BMRBi | Q9TUI9 |
SMRi | Q9TUI9 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 9913.ENSBTAP00000026630 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | Q9TUI9 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 282143 |
KEGGi | bta:282143 |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 8862 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG502S9TY, Eukaryota |
HOGENOMi | CLU_198461_0_0_1 |
InParanoidi | Q9TUI9 |
OMAi | CGVPLMQ |
OrthoDBi | 1632257at2759 |
TreeFami | TF339660 |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSBTAG00000019993, Expressed in scapular muscle and 16 other tissues |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR026155, Apelin |
PANTHERi | PTHR15953, PTHR15953, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF15360, Apelin, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | APEL_BOVIN | |
Accessioni | Q9TUI9Primary (citable) accession number: Q9TUI9 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | January 23, 2002 |
Last sequence update: | May 1, 2000 | |
Last modified: | February 10, 2021 | |
This is version 111 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteomeDocuments
- SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families