Apolipoprotein A-V

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cholesterol binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• enzyme activator activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Identification of lipid binding and lipoprotein lipase activation domains of human apoAV."
    Sun G., Bi N., Li G., Zhu X., Zeng W., Wu G., Xue H., Chen B.
    Chem. Phys. Lipids 143:22-28(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• enzyme binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heparin binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-V-heparin interactions: implications for plasma lipoprotein metabolism."
    Lookene A., Beckstead J.A., Nilsson S., Olivecrona G., Ryan R.O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:25383-25387(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Apolipoprotein A-V interaction with members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family."
    Nilsson S.K., Lookene A., Beckstead J.A., Gliemann J., Ryan R.O., Olivecrona G.
    Biochemistry 46:3896-3904(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipase activator activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipase binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Structure and interfacial properties of human apolipoprotein A-V."
    Weinberg R.B., Cook V.R., Beckstead J.A., Martin D.D.O., Gallagher J.W., Shelness G.S., Ryan R.O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34438-34444(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipoprotein lipase activator activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-V interaction with members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family."
    Nilsson S.K., Lookene A., Beckstead J.A., Gliemann J., Ryan R.O., Olivecrona G.
    Biochemistry 46:3896-3904(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylcholine binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Identification of lipid binding and lipoprotein lipase activation domains of human apoAV."
    Sun G., Bi N., Li G., Zhu X., Zeng W., Wu G., Xue H., Chen B.
    Chem. Phys. Lipids 143:22-28(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Structure and interfacial properties of human apolipoprotein A-V."
    Weinberg R.B., Cook V.R., Beckstead J.A., Martin D.D.O., Gallagher J.W., Shelness G.S., Ryan R.O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34438-34444(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• acylglycerol homeostasis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing."
    Pennacchio L.A., Olivier M., Hubacek J.A., Cohen J.C., Cox D.R., Fruchart J.-C., Krauss R.M., Rubin E.M.
    Science 294:169-173(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• animal organ regeneration Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Apolipoprotein A-V. A novel apolipoprotein associated with an early phase of liver regeneration."
    van Der Vliet H.N., Sammels M.G., Leegwater A.C.J., Levels J.H.M., Reitsma P.H., Boers W., Chamuleau R.A.F.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:44512-44520(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
• cholesterol biosynthetic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol efflux Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol homeostasis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Efficient lowering of triglyceride levels in mice by human apoAV protein variants associated with hypertriglyceridemia."
    Vaessen S.F., Sierts J.A., Kuivenhoven J.A., Schaap F.G.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 379:542-546(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle assembly Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid transport Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing."
    Pennacchio L.A., Olivier M., Hubacek J.A., Cohen J.C., Cox D.R., Fruchart J.-C., Krauss R.M., Rubin E.M.
    Science 294:169-173(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipoprotein metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylcholine metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid efflux Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cholesterol esterification Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Identification of lipid binding and lipoprotein lipase activation domains of human apoAV."
    Sun G., Bi N., Li G., Zhu X., Zeng W., Wu G., Xue H., Chen B.
    Chem. Phys. Lipids 143:22-28(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Identification of lipid binding and lipoprotein lipase activation domains of human apoAV."
    Sun G., Bi N., Li G., Zhu X., Zeng W., Wu G., Xue H., Chen B.
    Chem. Phys. Lipids 143:22-28(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hormone Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Thyroid hormone regulates the hypotriglyceridemic gene APOA5."
    Prieur X., Huby T., Coste H., Schaap F.G., Chapman M.J., Rodriguez J.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:27533-27543(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• tissue regeneration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Apolipoprotein A-V. A novel apolipoprotein associated with an early phase of liver regeneration."
    van Der Vliet H.N., Sammels M.G., Leegwater A.C.J., Levels J.H.M., Reitsma P.H., Boers W., Chamuleau R.A.F.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:44512-44520(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
• triglyceride catabolic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride homeostasis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Efficient lowering of triglyceride levels in mice by human apoAV protein variants associated with hypertriglyceridemia."
    Vaessen S.F., Sierts J.A., Kuivenhoven J.A., Schaap F.G.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 379:542-546(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing."
    Pennacchio L.A., Olivier M., Hubacek J.A., Cohen J.C., Cox D.R., Fruchart J.-C., Krauss R.M., Rubin E.M.
    Science 294:169-173(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Relative contribution of variation within the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in determining plasma triglycerides."
    Talmud P.J., Hawe E., Martin S., Olivier M., Miller G.J., Rubin E.M., Pennacchio L.A., Humphries S.E.
    Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:3039-3046(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "APOA5 gene variants, lipoprotein particle distribution, and progression of coronary heart disease: results from the LOCAT study."
    Talmud P.J., Martin S., Taskinen M.R., Frick M.H., Nieminen M.S., Kesaniemi Y.A., Pasternack A., Humphries S.E., Syvanne M.
    J. Lipid Res. 45:750-756(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Apolipoprotein A-V deficiency results in marked hypertriglyceridemia attributable to decreased lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and removal of their remnants."
    Grosskopf I., Baroukh N., Lee S.J., Kamari Y., Harats D., Rubin E.M., Pennacchio L.A., Cooper A.D.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25:2573-2579(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Longitudinal analysis of haplotypes and polymorphisms of the APOA5 and APOC3 genes associated with variation in serum triglyceride levels: the Bogalusa Heart Study."
    Hallman D.M., Srinivasan S.R., Chen W., Boerwinkle E., Berenson G.S.
    Metab. Clin. Exp. 55:1574-1581(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-V deficiency results in marked hypertriglyceridemia attributable to decreased lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and removal of their remnants."
    Grosskopf I., Baroukh N., Lee S.J., Kamari Y., Harats D., Rubin E.M., Pennacchio L.A., Cooper A.D.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25:2573-2579(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• enzyme binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipase binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mechanism of triglyceride lowering in mice expressing human apolipoprotein A5."
    Fruchart-Najib J., Bauge E., Niculescu L.S., Pham T., Thomas B., Rommens C., Majd Z., Brewer B., Pennacchio L.A., Fruchart J.C.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:397-404(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of six APOA5 variants, identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, on in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity and receptor binding."
    Dorfmeister B., Zeng W.W., Dichlberger A., Nilsson S.K., Schaap F.G., Hubacek J.A., Merkel M., Cooper J.A., Lookene A., Putt W., Whittall R., Lee P.J., Lins L., Delsaux N., Nierman M., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J., Vrablik M.

    , Olivecrona G., Schneider W.J., Heeren J., Humphries S.E., Talmud P.J.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1866-1871(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-V interaction with members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family."
    Nilsson S.K., Lookene A., Beckstead J.A., Gliemann J., Ryan R.O., Olivecrona G.
    Biochemistry 46:3896-3904(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Coiled coil

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MAAVITWALA LLSVFATVQA RKSFWEYFGQ NSQGKGMMGQ QQKLAQESLK 
        60         70         80         90        100
GSLEQDLYNM NNFLEKLGPL REPGKEPPRL AQDPEGIRKQ LQQELEEVST 
       110        120        130        140        150
RLEPYMAAKH QQVGWNLEGL RQQLKPYTVE LMEQVGLSVQ DLQEQLRMVG 
       160        170        180        190        200
KGTKAQLLGG VDEAMSLLQD MQSRVLHHTD RVKELFHPYA ERLVTGIGHH 
       210        220        230        240        250
VQELHRSVAP HAVASPARLS RCVQTLSHKL TRKAKDLHTS IQRNLDQLRD 
       260        270        280        290        300
ELSTFIRVST DGADNRDSLD PQALSDEVRQ RLQAFRHDTY LQIAAFTQAI 
       310        320        330        340        350
DQETEEIQHQ LAPPPPSHSA FAPELGHSDS NKALSRLQSR LDDLWEDIAY 
       360 
GLHDQGHSQN NPEGHSG                                     

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families