UniProtKB - Q9NR19 (ACSA_HUMAN)
Protein
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic
Gene
ACSS2
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Functioni
Catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from short-chain fatty acids (PubMed:10843999, PubMed:28003429). Acetate is the preferred substrate (PubMed:10843999, PubMed:28003429). Can also utilize propionate with a much lower affinity (By similarity).By similarity2 Publications
Catalytic activityi
- EC:6.2.1.12 PublicationsThis reaction proceeds in the forward2 Publications direction.
- EC:6.2.1.17By similarityThis reaction proceeds in the forwardBy similarity direction.
Activity regulationi
Inhibited by acetylation at Lys-661 and activated by deacetylation mediated by the deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT3.By similarity
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Binding sitei | 363 | Coenzyme ABy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 552 | ATPBy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 567 | ATPBy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 575 | Coenzyme A; via carbonyl oxygenBy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 636 | Coenzyme ABy similarity | 1 |
Regions
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nucleotide bindingi | 439 – 441 | ATPBy similarity | 3 | |
Nucleotide bindingi | 463 – 468 | ATPBy similarity | 6 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- acetate-CoA ligase activity Source: UniProtKB
- AMP binding Source: UniProtKB
- ATP binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
- propionate-CoA ligase activity Source: UniProtKB
GO - Biological processi
- acetate biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
- acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate Source: InterPro
- ethanol oxidation Source: Reactome
- lipid biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
- propionate biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Ligase |
Ligand | ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding |
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyci | MetaCyc:HS05484-MONOMER |
BRENDAi | 6.2.1.1, 2681 |
PathwayCommonsi | Q9NR19 |
Reactomei | R-HSA-2151201, Transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis R-HSA-71384, Ethanol oxidation |
Chemistry databases
SwissLipidsi | SLP:000001167 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic (EC:6.2.1.12 Publications)Alternative name(s): Acetate--CoA ligase Acetyl-CoA synthetase Short name: ACS Short name: AceCS Acetyl-CoA synthetase 1By similarity Short name: AceCS1By similarity Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 Acyl-activating enzyme Propionate--CoA ligase (EC:6.2.1.17By similarity) |
Gene namesi | Name:ACSS2 Synonyms:ACAS2 |
Organismi | Homo sapiens (Human) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 9606 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
HGNCi | HGNC:15814, ACSS2 |
MIMi | 605832, gene |
neXtProti | NX_Q9NR19 |
VEuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000131069.19 |
Subcellular locationi
Cytosol
- cytosol 2 Publications
Cytosol
- cytosol Source: UniProtKB
Mitochondrion
- mitochondrial matrix Source: Reactome
Nucleus
- nucleoplasm Source: HPA
Other locations
- cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Source: HPA
Keywords - Cellular componenti
CytoplasmPathology & Biotechi
Organism-specific databases
DisGeNETi | 55902 |
MalaCardsi | ACSS2 |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000131069 |
PharmGKBi | PA24429 |
Miscellaneous databases
Pharosi | Q9NR19, Tbio |
Chemistry databases
DrugBanki | DB00131, Adenosine phosphate DB00171, ATP DB11936, Bempedoic acid DB09395, Sodium acetate |
GuidetoPHARMACOLOGYi | 3128 |
Genetic variation databases
BioMutai | ACSS2 |
DMDMi | 20137525 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000208423 | 1 – 701 | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmicAdd BLAST | 701 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 28 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 30 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 36 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 263 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 265 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 267 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 418 | N6-acetyllysineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 661 | N6-acetyllysineBy similarity | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Reversibly acetylated at Lys-661 (By similarity). The acetyl-CoA synthase activity is inhibited by acetylation and activated by deacetylation mediated by the deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT3 (By similarity).By similarity
Keywords - PTMi
Acetylation, PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
EPDi | Q9NR19 |
jPOSTi | Q9NR19 |
MassIVEi | Q9NR19 |
MaxQBi | Q9NR19 |
PaxDbi | Q9NR19 |
PeptideAtlasi | Q9NR19 |
PRIDEi | Q9NR19 |
ProteomicsDBi | 63659 82253 [Q9NR19-1] |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | Q9NR19 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q9NR19 |
Expressioni
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000131069, Expressed in liver and 214 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | Q9NR19, baseline and differential |
Genevisiblei | Q9NR19, HS |
Organism-specific databases
HPAi | ENSG00000131069, Tissue enhanced (skeletal) |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Monomer.
1 PublicationProtein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 120989, 6 interactors |
IntActi | Q9NR19, 5 interactors |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000253382 |
Miscellaneous databases
RNActi | Q9NR19, protein |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 219 – 222 | Coenzyme A bindingBy similarity | 4 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.Curated
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1175, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000156358 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_000022_3_6_1 |
InParanoidi | Q9NR19 |
OMAi | DHWWHDL |
OrthoDBi | 288915at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q9NR19 |
TreeFami | TF300417 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.40.50.12780, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR011904, Ac_CoA_lig IPR032387, ACAS_N IPR025110, AMP-bd_C IPR020845, AMP-binding_CS IPR000873, AMP-dep_Synth/Lig IPR042099, AMP-dep_Synthh-like_sf |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF16177, ACAS_N, 1 hit PF00501, AMP-binding, 1 hit PF13193, AMP-binding_C, 1 hit |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR02188, Ac_CoA_lig_AcsA, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00455, AMP_BINDING, 1 hit |
s (2+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
This entry describes 2 produced by isoformsialternative splicing. AlignAdd to basketThis entry has 2 described isoforms and 9 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9NR19-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
This isoform has been chosen as the sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. canonicali
10 20 30 40 50
MGLPEERVRS GSGSRGQEEA GAGGRARSWS PPPEVSRSAH VPSLQRYREL
60 70 80 90 100
HRRSVEEPRE FWGDIAKEFY WKTPCPGPFL RYNFDVTKGK IFIEWMKGAT
110 120 130 140 150
TNICYNVLDR NVHEKKLGDK VAFYWEGNEP GETTQITYHQ LLVQVCQFSN
160 170 180 190 200
VLRKQGIQKG DRVAIYMPMI PELVVAMLAC ARIGALHSIV FAGFSSESLC
210 220 230 240 250
ERILDSSCSL LITTDAFYRG EKLVNLKELA DEALQKCQEK GFPVRCCIVV
260 270 280 290 300
KHLGRAELGM GDSTSQSPPI KRSCPDVQIS WNQGIDLWWH ELMQEAGDEC
310 320 330 340 350
EPEWCDAEDP LFILYTSGST GKPKGVVHTV GGYMLYVATT FKYVFDFHAE
360 370 380 390 400
DVFWCTADIG WITGHSYVTY GPLANGATSV LFEGIPTYPD VNRLWSIVDK
410 420 430 440 450
YKVTKFYTAP TAIRLLMKFG DEPVTKHSRA SLQVLGTVGE PINPEAWLWY
460 470 480 490 500
HRVVGAQRCP IVDTFWQTET GGHMLTPLPG ATPMKPGSAT FPFFGVAPAI
510 520 530 540 550
LNESGEELEG EAEGYLVFKQ PWPGIMRTVY GNHERFETTY FKKFPGYYVT
560 570 580 590 600
GDGCQRDQDG YYWITGRIDD MLNVSGHLLS TAEVESALVE HEAVAEAAVV
610 620 630 640 650
GHPHPVKGEC LYCFVTLCDG HTFSPKLTEE LKKQIREKIG PIATPDYIQN
660 670 680 690 700
APGLPKTRSG KIMRRVLRKI AQNDHDLGDM STVADPSVIS HLFSHRCLTI
Q
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There are 9 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketC9IYL0 | C9IYL0_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 182 | Annotation score: | ||
C9JY31 | C9JY31_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 203 | Annotation score: | ||
B4DEH9 | B4DEH9_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 187 | Annotation score: | ||
C9JXD9 | C9JXD9_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 147 | Annotation score: | ||
F8WC73 | F8WC73_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 60 | Annotation score: | ||
F8WCJ4 | F8WCJ4_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 124 | Annotation score: | ||
C9J7L5 | C9J7L5_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 163 | Annotation score: | ||
F8WDJ9 | F8WDJ9_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 74 | Annotation score: | ||
F8WBQ7 | F8WBQ7_HUMAN | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytop... | ACSS2 | 37 | Annotation score: |
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflicti | 79 | F → L in BAC03849 (PubMed:14702039).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 615 | V → F in AAH12172 (PubMed:15489334).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 680 | M → L in BAC03849 (PubMed:14702039).Curated | 1 |
Alternative sequence
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative sequenceiVSP_046376 | 277 | V → VQGKLKEKSKRVQP in isoform 2. 1 Publication | 1 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AF263614 mRNA Translation: AAF75064.1 AK092281 mRNA Translation: BAC03849.1 AL133324 Genomic DNA No translation available. AL049709 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471077 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW76248.1 BC012172 mRNA Translation: AAH12172.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS13243.1 [Q9NR19-1] CCDS42868.2 [Q9NR19-2] |
RefSeqi | NP_001070020.2, NM_001076552.2 [Q9NR19-2] NP_061147.1, NM_018677.3 [Q9NR19-1] |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000253382; ENSP00000253382; ENSG00000131069 [Q9NR19-2] ENST00000360596; ENSP00000353804; ENSG00000131069 [Q9NR19-1] |
GeneIDi | 55902 |
KEGGi | hsa:55902 |
UCSCi | uc002xbd.3, human [Q9NR19-1] |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
Alternative splicingSimilar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AF263614 mRNA Translation: AAF75064.1 AK092281 mRNA Translation: BAC03849.1 AL133324 Genomic DNA No translation available. AL049709 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471077 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW76248.1 BC012172 mRNA Translation: AAH12172.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS13243.1 [Q9NR19-1] CCDS42868.2 [Q9NR19-2] |
RefSeqi | NP_001070020.2, NM_001076552.2 [Q9NR19-2] NP_061147.1, NM_018677.3 [Q9NR19-1] |
3D structure databases
SMRi | Q9NR19 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 120989, 6 interactors |
IntActi | Q9NR19, 5 interactors |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000253382 |
Chemistry databases
DrugBanki | DB00131, Adenosine phosphate DB00171, ATP DB11936, Bempedoic acid DB09395, Sodium acetate |
GuidetoPHARMACOLOGYi | 3128 |
SwissLipidsi | SLP:000001167 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | Q9NR19 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q9NR19 |
Genetic variation databases
BioMutai | ACSS2 |
DMDMi | 20137525 |
Proteomic databases
EPDi | Q9NR19 |
jPOSTi | Q9NR19 |
MassIVEi | Q9NR19 |
MaxQBi | Q9NR19 |
PaxDbi | Q9NR19 |
PeptideAtlasi | Q9NR19 |
PRIDEi | Q9NR19 |
ProteomicsDBi | 63659 82253 [Q9NR19-1] |
Protocols and materials databases
Antibodypediai | 1332, 408 antibodies |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000253382; ENSP00000253382; ENSG00000131069 [Q9NR19-2] ENST00000360596; ENSP00000353804; ENSG00000131069 [Q9NR19-1] |
GeneIDi | 55902 |
KEGGi | hsa:55902 |
UCSCi | uc002xbd.3, human [Q9NR19-1] |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 55902 |
DisGeNETi | 55902 |
GeneCardsi | ACSS2 |
HGNCi | HGNC:15814, ACSS2 |
HPAi | ENSG00000131069, Tissue enhanced (skeletal) |
MalaCardsi | ACSS2 |
MIMi | 605832, gene |
neXtProti | NX_Q9NR19 |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000131069 |
PharmGKBi | PA24429 |
VEuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000131069.19 |
GenAtlasi | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1175, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000156358 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_000022_3_6_1 |
InParanoidi | Q9NR19 |
OMAi | DHWWHDL |
OrthoDBi | 288915at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q9NR19 |
TreeFami | TF300417 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyci | MetaCyc:HS05484-MONOMER |
BRENDAi | 6.2.1.1, 2681 |
PathwayCommonsi | Q9NR19 |
Reactomei | R-HSA-2151201, Transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis R-HSA-71384, Ethanol oxidation |
Miscellaneous databases
BioGRID-ORCSi | 55902, 6 hits in 879 CRISPR screens |
ChiTaRSi | ACSS2, human |
GeneWikii | ACSS2 |
GenomeRNAii | 55902 |
Pharosi | Q9NR19, Tbio |
PROi | PR:Q9NR19 |
RNActi | Q9NR19, protein |
SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000131069, Expressed in liver and 214 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | Q9NR19, baseline and differential |
Genevisiblei | Q9NR19, HS |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.40.50.12780, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR011904, Ac_CoA_lig IPR032387, ACAS_N IPR025110, AMP-bd_C IPR020845, AMP-binding_CS IPR000873, AMP-dep_Synth/Lig IPR042099, AMP-dep_Synthh-like_sf |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF16177, ACAS_N, 1 hit PF00501, AMP-binding, 1 hit PF13193, AMP-binding_C, 1 hit |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR02188, Ac_CoA_lig_AcsA, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00455, AMP_BINDING, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | ACSA_HUMAN | |
Accessioni | Q9NR19Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NR19 Secondary accession number(s): A6NE90 Q9UJ15 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 3, 2002 |
Last sequence update: | October 1, 2000 | |
Last modified: | February 10, 2021 | |
This is version 166 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | |
Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- Human chromosome 20
Human chromosome 20: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM - MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families