UniProtKB - Q9NPI8 (FANCF_HUMAN)

BLAST

>sp|Q9NPI8|FANCF_HUMAN Fanconi anemia group F protein OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=FANCF PE=1 SV=1
MESLLQHLDRFSELLAVSSTTYVSTWDPATVRRALQWARYLRHIHRRFGRHGPIRTALER
RLHNQWRQEGGFGRGPVPGLANFQALGHCDVLLSLRLLENRALGDAARYHLVQQLFPGPG
VRDADEETLQESLARLARRRSAVHMLRFNGYRENPNLQEDSLMKTQAELLLERLQEVGKA
EAERPARFLSSLWERLPQNNFLKVIAVALLQPPLSRRPQEELEPGIHKSPGEGSQVLVHW
LLGNSEVFAAFCRALPAGLLTLVTSRHPALSPVYLGLLTDWGQRLHYDLQKGIWVGTESQ
DVPWEELHNRFQSLCQAPPPLKDKVLTALETCKAQDGDFEVPGLSIWTDLLLALRSGAFR
KRQVLGLSAGLSSV

Align
Format
Add to basket Added to basket
History
Entry version 150 (07 Nov 2018)
Sequence version 1 (01 Oct 2000)
Previous versions | rss
Other tutorials and videos
Help video
Feedback

Protein

Fanconi anemia group F protein

Gene

FANCF

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Status

Reviewed-Annotation score: -Experimental evidence at protein levelⁱ

Functionⁱ

DNA repair protein that may operate in a postreplication repair or a cell cycle checkpoint function. May be implicated in interstrand DNA cross-link repair and in the maintenance of normal chromosome stability (By similarity).By similarity

GO - Biological processⁱ

cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
interstrand cross-link repair Source: Reactome
ovarian follicle development
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
protein ubiquitination Source: GOC
spermatogenesis
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Biological process	DNA damage, DNA repair

Biological process

DNA damage, DNA repair

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-6783310 Fanconi Anemia Pathway
SIGNORⁱ	Q9NPI8

Protein family/group databases

MoonDBⁱ	Q9NPI8 Predicted

MoonDBⁱ

Q9NPI8 Predicted

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Fanconi anemia group F protein Short name: Protein FACF
Gene namesⁱ	Name:FANCF
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 11

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000183161.4
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:3587 FANCF
MIMⁱ	613897 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q9NPI8

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Nucleus

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Fanconi anemia complementation group F (FANCF)1 Publication

The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease descriptionA disorder affecting all bone marrow elements and resulting in anemia, leukopenia and thrombopenia. It is associated with cardiac, renal and limb malformations, dermal pigmentary changes, and a predisposition to the development of malignancies. At the cellular level it is associated with hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, chromosomal instability (increased chromosome breakage) and defective DNA repair.

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	209	L → R: Reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	251	F → R: Reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	287	Y → A: Strongly reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2; when associated with A-289; A-339; A-341 and A-344. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	289	L → A: Strongly reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2; when associated with A-287; A-339; A-341 and A-344. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	339	F → A: Strongly reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2; when associated with A-287; A-289; A-341 and A-344. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	341	V → A: Strongly reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2; when associated with A-287; A-289; A-339 and A-344. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	344	L → A: Strongly reduced monoubiquitination of FANCD2; when associated with A-287; A-289; A-339 and A-341. 1 Publication	1

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Fanconi anemia

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	2188
GeneReviewsⁱ	FANCF
MalaCards human disease database More...MalaCardsⁱ	FANCF
MIMⁱ	603467 phenotype
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000183161
Orphanetⁱ	84 Fanconi anemia
PharmGKBⁱ	PA28001

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLⁱ	CHEMBL2157856

ChEMBLⁱ

CHEMBL2157856

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	FANCF
DMDMⁱ	23821547

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000087188	1 – 374	Fanconi anemia group F proteinAdd BLAST		374

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	Q9NPI8
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	Q9NPI8
PaxDbⁱ	Q9NPI8
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q9NPI8
PRIDEⁱ	Q9NPI8
ProteomicsDBⁱ	82022

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q9NPI8
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q9NPI8

Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000183161 Expressed in 182 organ(s), highest expression level in forebrain
CleanExⁱ	HS_FANCF
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q9NPI8 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q9NPI8 HS

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Belongs to the multisubunit FA complex composed of FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL/PHF9 and FANCM. The complex is not found in FA patients. In complex with FANCA, FANCG and FANCL, but not with FANCC, nor FANCE, interacts with HES1; this interaction may be essential for the stability and nuclear localization of FA core complex proteins.6 Publications

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
FANCA	O15360	5	EBI-81589,EBI-81570
FANCG	O15287	4	EBI-81589,EBI-81610

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	108483, 18 interactors
CORUMⁱ	Q9NPI8
IntActⁱ	Q9NPI8, 11 interactors
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	Q9NPI8
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000330875

Chemistry databases

BindingDBⁱ

Q9NPI8

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Helixⁱ	160 – 174	Combined sources	15
Helixⁱ	186 – 195	Combined sources	10
Helixⁱ	198 – 209	Combined sources	12
Helixⁱ	235 – 243	Combined sources	9
Helixⁱ	245 – 254	Combined sources	10
Helixⁱ	257 – 266	Combined sources	10
Helixⁱ	268 – 270	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	271 – 283	Combined sources	13
Beta strandⁱ	286 – 288	Combined sources	3
Turnⁱ	289 – 292	Combined sources	4
Beta strandⁱ	293 – 295	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	304 – 315	Combined sources	12
Helixⁱ	319 – 335	Combined sources	17
Helixⁱ	346 – 354	Combined sources	9

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q9NPI8
SMRⁱ	Q9NPI8
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	Q9NPI8

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

Q9NPI8

Family & Domainsⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IKQV Eukaryota ENOG4111WMC LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00390000005623
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG051550
InParanoidⁱ	Q9NPI8
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K10893
OMAⁱ	WARYLRH
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G18J8
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q9NPI8
TreeFamⁱ	TF332957

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	1.25.40.490, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR035428 FANCF IPR038505 FANCF_C_sf IPR025825 FANCF_met
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR14449 PTHR14449, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF11107 FANCF, 1 hit
ProDomⁱ	View protein in ProDom or Entries sharing at least one domain PD321645 PD321645, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Q9NPI8-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MESLLQHLDR FSELLAVSST TYVSTWDPAT VRRALQWARY LRHIHRRFGR 
        60         70         80         90        100
HGPIRTALER RLHNQWRQEG GFGRGPVPGL ANFQALGHCD VLLSLRLLEN 
       110        120        130        140        150
RALGDAARYH LVQQLFPGPG VRDADEETLQ ESLARLARRR SAVHMLRFNG 
       160        170        180        190        200
YRENPNLQED SLMKTQAELL LERLQEVGKA EAERPARFLS SLWERLPQNN 
       210        220        230        240        250
FLKVIAVALL QPPLSRRPQE ELEPGIHKSP GEGSQVLVHW LLGNSEVFAA 
       260        270        280        290        300
FCRALPAGLL TLVTSRHPAL SPVYLGLLTD WGQRLHYDLQ KGIWVGTESQ 
       310        320        330        340        350
DVPWEELHNR FQSLCQAPPP LKDKVLTALE TCKAQDGDFE VPGLSIWTDL 
       360        370 
LLALRSGAFR KRQVLGLSAG LSSV

Length:374

Mass (Da):42,254

Last modified:October 1, 2000 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ1F295CD1FBE6ED7D

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_050988	295	V → I. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs7103293EnsemblClinVar.		1
Natural variantⁱVAR_022270	320	P → L1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs45451294EnsemblClinVar.		1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF181995 mRNA Translation: AAF26298.1 AF181994 mRNA Translation: AAF26297.1 AK023153 mRNA Translation: BAB14433.1 AY928335 Genomic DNA Translation: AAX09677.1 BC047028 mRNA Translation: AAH47028.1 BC093867 mRNA Translation: AAH93867.1 BC101807 mRNA Translation: AAI01808.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS7857.1
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_073562.1, NM_022725.3
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.632151

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000327470; ENSP00000330875; ENSG00000183161
GeneIDⁱ	2188
KEGGⁱ	hsa:2188
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc001mql.2 human

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q9NPI8	Fanconi anemia, complementation group F		HUMAN		374	UniRef100_Q9NPI8

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q9NPI8	Fanconi anemia, complementation group F		HUMAN		374	UniRef90_Q9NPI8
FANCF isoform 1		PONAB		374
Uncharacterized protein		NOMLE		374
Fanconi anemia group F protein		MACFA		374
Fanconi anemia group F protein		MACMU		374
+20

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q9NPI8	Fanconi anemia, complementation group F		HUMAN		374	UniRef50_Q9NPI8
FANCF isoform 1		PANTR		374
Fanconi anemia complementation group F		MACMU		374
Uncharacterized protein		NOMLE		374
Uncharacterized protein		PANPA		374
+46

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Fanconi Anemia Mutation Database

NIEHS-SNPs

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF181995 mRNA Translation: AAF26298.1 AF181994 mRNA Translation: AAF26297.1 AK023153 mRNA Translation: BAB14433.1 AY928335 Genomic DNA Translation: AAX09677.1 BC047028 mRNA Translation: AAH47028.1 BC093867 mRNA Translation: AAH93867.1 BC101807 mRNA Translation: AAI01808.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS7857.1
RefSeqⁱ	NP_073562.1, NM_022725.3
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.632151

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	2IQC	X-ray	2.40	A	156-357	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q9NPI8
SMRⁱ	Q9NPI8
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	108483, 18 interactors
CORUMⁱ	Q9NPI8
IntActⁱ	Q9NPI8, 11 interactors
MINTⁱ	Q9NPI8
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000330875

Chemistry databases

BindingDBⁱ	Q9NPI8
ChEMBLⁱ	CHEMBL2157856

Protein family/group databases

MoonDBⁱ	Q9NPI8 Predicted

MoonDBⁱ

Q9NPI8 Predicted

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q9NPI8
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q9NPI8

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	FANCF
DMDMⁱ	23821547

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	Q9NPI8
MaxQBⁱ	Q9NPI8
PaxDbⁱ	Q9NPI8
PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q9NPI8
PRIDEⁱ	Q9NPI8
ProteomicsDBⁱ	82022

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000327470; ENSP00000330875; ENSG00000183161
GeneIDⁱ	2188
KEGGⁱ	hsa:2188
UCSCⁱ	uc001mql.2 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	2188
DisGeNETⁱ	2188
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000183161.4
GeneCardsⁱ	FANCF
GeneReviewsⁱ	FANCF
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:3587 FANCF
MalaCardsⁱ	FANCF
MIMⁱ	603467 phenotype 613897 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q9NPI8
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000183161
Orphanetⁱ	84 Fanconi anemia
PharmGKBⁱ	PA28001
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IKQV Eukaryota ENOG4111WMC LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00390000005623
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG051550
InParanoidⁱ	Q9NPI8
KOⁱ	K10893
OMAⁱ	WARYLRH
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G18J8
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q9NPI8
TreeFamⁱ	TF332957

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-6783310 Fanconi Anemia Pathway
SIGNORⁱ	Q9NPI8

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	FANCF human
EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	Q9NPI8
GeneWikiⁱ	FANCF
GenomeRNAiⁱ	2188
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:Q9NPI8
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000183161 Expressed in 182 organ(s), highest expression level in forebrain
CleanExⁱ	HS_FANCF
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q9NPI8 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q9NPI8 HS

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	1.25.40.490, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR035428 FANCF IPR038505 FANCF_C_sf IPR025825 FANCF_met
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR14449 PTHR14449, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF11107 FANCF, 1 hit
ProDomⁱ	View protein in ProDom or Entries sharing at least one domain PD321645 PD321645, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	FANCF_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	Q9NPI8Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NPI8 Secondary accession number(s): Q52LM0
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 10, 2002
	Last sequence update:	October 1, 2000
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 150 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
Human chromosome 11
Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - Q9NPI8 (FANCF_HUMAN)

Your basket is currently empty. i <p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the ‘basket’ to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later.<p><a href='/help/basket' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

Fanconi anemia group F protein

FANCF

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Nucleus

Nucleus

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

Keywords - Diseasei

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

UniProt is an ELIXIR core data resource

Your basket is currently empty. ⁱ

Functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ