EXOSC4

Functionⁱ

Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC4 binds to ARE-containing RNAs.5 Publications

Caution

The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.Curated

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity
Source: UniProtKB
Non-traceable author statementⁱ
- 11110791
AU-rich element binding
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 16912217

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

defense response to virus
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 21791617
DNA deamination
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 21255825
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-dependent decay Source: Reactome
histone mRNA catabolic process
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 18172165
maturation of 5.8S rRNA
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 20368444
nuclear mRNA surveillance
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17545563
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17545563
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 3'-5'
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
positive regulation of cell growth
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17545563
regulation of mRNA stability Source: Reactome
rRNA catabolic process
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
rRNA processing Source: Reactome
U4 snRNA 3'-end processing
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	RNA-binding
Biological process	rRNA processing

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-380994 ATF4 activates genes R-HSA-429958 mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease R-HSA-450385 Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1) binds and destabilizes mRNA R-HSA-450513 Tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) binds and destabilizes mRNA R-HSA-450604 KSRP (KHSRP) binds and destabilizes mRNA R-HSA-6791226 Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-380994 ATF4 activates genes
R-HSA-429958 mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease
R-HSA-450385 Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1) binds and destabilizes mRNA
R-HSA-450513 Tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) binds and destabilizes mRNA
R-HSA-450604 KSRP (KHSRP) binds and destabilizes mRNA
R-HSA-6791226 Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol

Protein family/group databases

MoonDBⁱ	Q9NPD3 Predicted

MoonDBⁱ

Q9NPD3 Predicted

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Exosome complex component RRP41 Alternative name(s): Exosome component 4 Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 41 p12A
Gene namesⁱ	Name:EXOSC4 Synonyms:RRP41, SKI6
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 8

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000178896.6
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:18189 EXOSC4
MIMⁱ	606491 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q9NPD3

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm, Exosome, Nucleus

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000178896
PharmGKBⁱ	PA134867931

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	EXOSC4
DMDMⁱ	14285756

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Initiator methionineⁱ		RemovedCombined sources1 Publication
ChainⁱPRO_0000139958	2 – 245	Exosome complex component RRP41Add BLAST		244

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Modified residueⁱ	2	N-acetylalanineCombined sources1 Publication		1

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Acetylation

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	Q9NPD3
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	Q9NPD3
PaxDbⁱ	Q9NPD3
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q9NPD3
PRIDEⁱ	Q9NPD3
ProteomicsDBⁱ	81973

2D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ	Q9NPD3

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ

Q9NPD3

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q9NPD3
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q9NPD3

Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000178896 Expressed in 148 organ(s), highest expression level in left testis
CleanExⁱ	HS_EXOSC4
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q9NPD3 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q9NPD3 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	HPA024792

HPAⁱ

HPA024792

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Component of the RNA exosome complex. Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Interacts with DDX60.3 Publications

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct
EXOSC1	Q9Y3B2	7	EBI-371823,EBI-371892
EXOSC10	Q01780	4	EBI-371823,EBI-358236
EXOSC2	Q13868	7	EBI-371823,EBI-301735
EXOSC3	Q9NQT5	5	EBI-371823,EBI-371866
EXOSC7	Q15024	4	EBI-371823,EBI-371841
EXOSC9	Q06265	5	EBI-371823,EBI-347966
POLE2	P56282	4	EBI-371823,EBI-713847

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	120007, 114 interactors
ComplexPortalⁱ	CPX-476 Nuclear exosome complex, DIS3-EXOSC10 variant CPX-591 Nucleolar exosome complex, EXOSC10 variant CPX-592 Cytoplasmic exosome complex, DIS3L variant CPX-593 Exosome complex, DIS3 variant CPX-600 Cytoplasmic exosome complex, DIS3L-EXOSC10 variant
CORUMⁱ	Q9NPD3
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-31165N
IntActⁱ	Q9NPD3, 64 interactors
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	Q9NPD3
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000315476

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Beta strandⁱ	14 – 17	Combined sources	4
Beta strandⁱ	25 – 30	Combined sources	6
Beta strandⁱ	32 – 45	Combined sources	14
Beta strandⁱ	47 – 57	Combined sources	11
Beta strandⁱ	60 – 62	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	67 – 69	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	72 – 78	Combined sources	7
Turnⁱ	80 – 82	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	83 – 85	Combined sources	3
Turnⁱ	89 – 91	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	94 – 109	Combined sources	16
Helixⁱ	113 – 115	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	119 – 129	Combined sources	11
Helixⁱ	134 – 148	Combined sources	15
Beta strandⁱ	158 – 165	Combined sources	8
Beta strandⁱ	168 – 172	Combined sources	5
Helixⁱ	175 – 178	Combined sources	4
Beta strandⁱ	185 – 189	Combined sources	5
Turnⁱ	191 – 193	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	198 – 201	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	210 – 239	Combined sources	30

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q9NPD3
SMRⁱ	Q9NPD3
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	Q9NPD3

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

Q9NPD3

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the RNase PH family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG1068 Eukaryota COG0689 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00550000074804
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000229515
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG051519
InParanoidⁱ	Q9NPD3
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K11600
OMAⁱ	VINCQYS
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q9NPD3
TreeFamⁱ	TF313915

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.30.230.70, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR001247 ExoRNase_PH_dom1 IPR015847 ExoRNase_PH_dom2 IPR036345 ExoRNase_PH_dom2_sf IPR027408 PNPase/RNase_PH_dom_sf IPR020568 Ribosomal_S5_D2-typ_fold
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF01138 RNase_PH, 1 hit PF03725 RNase_PH_C, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF54211 SSF54211, 1 hit SSF55666 SSF55666, 1 hit

Sequence (1+)ⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show all Align All

Q9NPD3-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MAGLELLSDQ GYRVDGRRAG ELRKIQARMG VFAQADGSAY IEQGNTKALA 
        60         70         80         90        100
VVYGPHEIRG SRARALPDRA LVNCQYSSAT FSTGERKRRP HGDRKSCEMG 
       110        120        130        140        150
LQLRQTFEAA ILTQLHPRSQ IDIYVQVLQA DGGTYAACVN AATLAVLDAG 
       160        170        180        190        200
IPMRDFVCAC SAGFVDGTAL ADLSHVEEAA GGPQLALALL PASGQIALLE 
       210        220        230        240 
MDARLHEDHL ERVLEAAAQA ARDVHTLLDR VVRQHVREAS ILLGD

Length:245

Mass (Da):26,383

Last modified:January 23, 2007 - v3

Checksum:ⁱ7A24E97897DAF313

GO

Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesⁱ

There are 2 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLAST Align Show all Add to basket

Entry	Entry name	Protein names	Gene names	Length	Annotation

E9PI41	E9PI41_HUMAN	Exosome complex component RRP41 Exosome complex component RRP41	EXOSC4	261	Annotation score:
E9PPI9	E9PPI9_HUMAN	Exosome complex component RRP41 Exosome complex component RRP41	EXOSC4	156	Annotation score:

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF281133 mRNA Translation: AAF82134.1 AK000598 mRNA Translation: BAA91279.1 AC109322 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC002777 mRNA Translation: AAH02777.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS6414.1
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_061910.1, NM_019037.2
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.632041

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000316052; ENSP00000315476; ENSG00000178896
GeneIDⁱ	54512
KEGGⁱ	hsa:54512
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc003zau.4 human

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q9NPD3	EXOSC4 isoform 1		PANTR		245	UniRef100_Q9NPD3
Exosome complex component RRP41		MACMU		245
Uncharacterized protein		GORGO		245
Uncharacterized protein		COLAP		245
Uncharacterized protein		CERAT		245
+11

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q9NPD3	Exosome complex component RRP41		MOUSE		245	UniRef90_Q9NPD3
Exosome complex component RRP41		BOVIN		245
EXOSC4 isoform 1		PANTR		245
Exosome complex component RRP41		MACMU		245
Uncharacterized protein		GORGO		245
+95

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q9NPD3	Exosome complex component RRP41		MOUSE		245	UniRef50_Q9NPD3
Exosome complex component RRP41		BOVIN		245
EXOSC4 isoform 1		PANTR		245
Exosome complex component RRP41		MACMU		245
Uncharacterized protein		GORGO		245
+148

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF281133 mRNA Translation: AAF82134.1 AK000598 mRNA Translation: BAA91279.1 AC109322 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC002777 mRNA Translation: AAH02777.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS6414.1
RefSeqⁱ	NP_061910.1, NM_019037.2
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.632041

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	2NN6	X-ray	3.35	B	2-245	[»]
	6D6Q	electron microscopy	3.45	B	1-245	[»]
	6D6R	electron microscopy	3.45	B	1-245	[»]
	6H25	electron microscopy	3.80	B	1-245	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q9NPD3
SMRⁱ	Q9NPD3
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	120007, 114 interactors
ComplexPortalⁱ	CPX-476 Nuclear exosome complex, DIS3-EXOSC10 variant CPX-591 Nucleolar exosome complex, EXOSC10 variant CPX-592 Cytoplasmic exosome complex, DIS3L variant CPX-593 Exosome complex, DIS3 variant CPX-600 Cytoplasmic exosome complex, DIS3L-EXOSC10 variant
CORUMⁱ	Q9NPD3
DIPⁱ	DIP-31165N
IntActⁱ	Q9NPD3, 64 interactors
MINTⁱ	Q9NPD3
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000315476

Protein family/group databases

MoonDBⁱ	Q9NPD3 Predicted

MoonDBⁱ

Q9NPD3 Predicted

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q9NPD3
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q9NPD3

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	EXOSC4
DMDMⁱ	14285756

2D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ	Q9NPD3

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ

Q9NPD3

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	Q9NPD3
MaxQBⁱ	Q9NPD3
PaxDbⁱ	Q9NPD3
PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q9NPD3
PRIDEⁱ	Q9NPD3
ProteomicsDBⁱ	81973

Protocols and materials databases

The DNASU plasmid repository More...DNASUⁱ	54512
Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000316052; ENSP00000315476; ENSG00000178896
GeneIDⁱ	54512
KEGGⁱ	hsa:54512
UCSCⁱ	uc003zau.4 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	54512
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000178896.6
GeneCardsⁱ	EXOSC4
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:18189 EXOSC4
HPAⁱ	HPA024792
MIMⁱ	606491 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q9NPD3
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000178896
PharmGKBⁱ	PA134867931
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG1068 Eukaryota COG0689 LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00550000074804
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000229515
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG051519
InParanoidⁱ	Q9NPD3
KOⁱ	K11600
OMAⁱ	VINCQYS
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q9NPD3
TreeFamⁱ	TF313915

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-380994 ATF4 activates genes R-HSA-429958 mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease R-HSA-450385 Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1) binds and destabilizes mRNA R-HSA-450513 Tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) binds and destabilizes mRNA R-HSA-450604 KSRP (KHSRP) binds and destabilizes mRNA R-HSA-6791226 Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-380994 ATF4 activates genes
R-HSA-429958 mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease
R-HSA-450385 Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1) binds and destabilizes mRNA
R-HSA-450513 Tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) binds and destabilizes mRNA
R-HSA-450604 KSRP (KHSRP) binds and destabilizes mRNA
R-HSA-6791226 Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	EXOSC4 human
EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	Q9NPD3
GeneWikiⁱ	Exosome_component_4
GenomeRNAiⁱ	54512
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:Q9NPD3
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000178896 Expressed in 148 organ(s), highest expression level in left testis
CleanExⁱ	HS_EXOSC4
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q9NPD3 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q9NPD3 HS

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.30.230.70, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR001247 ExoRNase_PH_dom1 IPR015847 ExoRNase_PH_dom2 IPR036345 ExoRNase_PH_dom2_sf IPR027408 PNPase/RNase_PH_dom_sf IPR020568 Ribosomal_S5_D2-typ_fold
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF01138 RNase_PH, 1 hit PF03725 RNase_PH_C, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF54211 SSF54211, 1 hit SSF55666 SSF55666, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	EXOS4_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	Q9NPD3Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NPD3
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	June 1, 2001
	Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 171 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
Human chromosome 8
Human chromosome 8: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

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UniProtKB - Q9NPD3 (EXOS4_HUMAN)

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Exosome complex component RRP41

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Caution

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Nucleus

Other locations

Cytoskeleton

Cytosol

Nucleus

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ