UniProtKB - Q9H1Y3 (OPN3_HUMAN)
Protein
Opsin-3
Gene
OPN3
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Functioni
G-protein coupled receptor which selectively activates G proteins via ultraviolet A (UVA) light-mediated activation in the skin (PubMed:28842328, PubMed:31380578, PubMed:31097585). Binds both 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal (PubMed:31097585). Regulates melanogenesis in melanocytes via inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced MC1R-mediated cAMP signaling, modulation of calcium flux, regulation of CAMK2 phosphorylation, and subsequently phosphorylation of CREB, p38, ERK and MITF in response to blue light (PubMed:28842328, PubMed:31097585). Plays a role in melanocyte survival through regulation of intracellular calcium levels and subsequent BCL2/RAF1 signaling (PubMed:31730232). Additionally regulates apoptosis via cytochrome c release and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade (PubMed:31730232). Required for TYR and DCT blue light-induced complex formation in melanocytes (PubMed:28842328). Involved in keratinocyte differentiation in response to blue-light (PubMed:30168605). Required for the UVA-mediated induction of calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling resulting in the expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 and TIMP1 in dermal fibroblasts (PubMed:31380578). Plays a role in light-mediated glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid metabolism in brown adipocyte tissues (By similarity). May be involved in photorelaxation of airway smooth muscle cells, via blue-light dependent GPCR signaling pathways (By similarity).By similarity5 Publications
GO - Molecular functioni
- 11-cis retinal binding Source: UniProtKB
- all-trans retinal binding Source: UniProtKB
- G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity Source: GO_Central
- G protein-coupled receptor activity Source: ProtInc
- photoreceptor activity Source: UniProtKB
GO - Biological processi
- cellular response to light stimulus Source: GO_Central
- cellular response to UV-A Source: UniProtKB
- detection of light stimulus Source: UniProtKB
- G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: GO_Central
- keratinocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
- phototransduction Source: GO_Central
- positive regulation of cellular respiration Source: Ensembl
- positive regulation of glucose import Source: Ensembl
- positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
- protein-chromophore linkage Source: UniProtKB-KW
- regulation of circadian rhythm Source: UniProtKB
- response to blue light Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Molecular function | G-protein coupled receptor, Photoreceptor protein, Receptor, Retinal protein, Transducer |
Biological process | |
Ligand | Chromophore |
Enzyme and pathway databases
PathwayCommonsi | Q9H1Y3 |
Reactomei | R-HSA-418594, G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-419771, Opsins |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Opsin-3Alternative name(s): Encephalopsin Panopsin |
Gene namesi | Name:OPN3 Synonyms:ECPN |
Organismi | Homo sapiens (Human) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 9606 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
EuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000054277.12 |
HGNCi | HGNC:14007, OPN3 |
MIMi | 606695, gene |
neXtProti | NX_Q9H1Y3 |
Subcellular locationi
Plasma membrane
- Cell membrane 4 Publications; Multi-pass membrane protein Sequence analysis
Other locations
- Cytoplasm 1 Publication
Plasma Membrane
- integral component of plasma membrane Source: GO_Central
- plasma membrane Source: UniProtKB
Other locations
- cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB
- integral component of membrane Source: UniProtKB
- photoreceptor outer segment Source: GO_Central
Topology
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Topological domaini | 1 – 40 | ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 40 | |
Transmembranei | 41 – 65 | Helical; Name=1Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 25 | |
Topological domaini | 66 – 77 | CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 12 | |
Transmembranei | 78 – 102 | Helical; Name=2Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 25 | |
Topological domaini | 103 – 117 | ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 15 | |
Transmembranei | 118 – 137 | Helical; Name=3Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 20 | |
Topological domaini | 138 – 153 | CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 16 | |
Transmembranei | 154 – 177 | Helical; Name=4Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 24 | |
Topological domaini | 178 – 201 | ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 24 | |
Transmembranei | 202 – 229 | Helical; Name=5Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 28 | |
Topological domaini | 230 – 255 | CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 26 | |
Transmembranei | 256 – 279 | Helical; Name=6Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 24 | |
Topological domaini | 280 – 287 | ExtracellularSequence analysis | 8 | |
Transmembranei | 288 – 312 | Helical; Name=7Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 25 | |
Topological domaini | 313 – 402 | CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 90 |
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, MembranePathology & Biotechi
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 299 | K → G: Abolishes binding of 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal. No effect on G-alpha (i) protein signaling. 1 Publication | 1 |
Organism-specific databases
DisGeNETi | 23596 |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000054277 |
PharmGKBi | PA31939 |
Miscellaneous databases
Pharosi | Q9H1Y3, Tbio |
Polymorphism and mutation databases
BioMutai | OPN3 |
DMDMi | 17380172 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000197813 | 1 – 402 | Opsin-3Add BLAST | 402 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glycosylationi | 5 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 114 ↔ 188 | PROSITE-ProRule annotation | ||
Glycosylationi | 198 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 299 | N6-(retinylidene)lysine | 1 | |
Lipidationi | 325 | S-palmitoyl cysteineBy similarity | 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, PalmitateProteomic databases
jPOSTi | Q9H1Y3 |
MaxQBi | Q9H1Y3 |
PaxDbi | Q9H1Y3 |
PeptideAtlasi | Q9H1Y3 |
PRIDEi | Q9H1Y3 |
ProteomicsDBi | 80458 [Q9H1Y3-1] 80459 [Q9H1Y3-2] |
PTM databases
GlyGeni | Q9H1Y3, 2 sites |
iPTMneti | Q9H1Y3 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q9H1Y3 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Expressed in tracheal airway smooth muscle (at protein level) (PubMed:30284927). Expressed throughout the epidermis and dermis, predominantly in the basal layer on the facial and abdominal skin (at protein level) (PubMed:30168605). Expressed in dermal fibroblasts (at protein level) (PubMed:31380578). Expressed in melanocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:28842328, PubMed:31097585, PubMed:31730232). Expressed in keratinocytes (PubMed:28842328). Expressed in the retina (PubMed:30284927).6 Publications
Inductioni
Induced by low-level blue light (453nm) during epithelial wound healing (PubMed:30168605). Induced by ultraviolet A light in dermal fibroblasts (PubMed:31380578).2 Publications
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000054277, Expressed in testis and 230 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | Q9H1Y3, baseline and differential |
Genevisiblei | Q9H1Y3, HS |
Organism-specific databases
HPAi | ENSG00000054277, Low tissue specificity |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Interacts with MC1R; the interaction results in a decrease in MC1R-mediated cAMP signaling and ultimately a decrease in melanin production in melanocytes.
1 PublicationProtein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 117131, 8 interactors |
IntActi | Q9H1Y3, 8 interactors |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000355512 |
Miscellaneous databases
RNActi | Q9H1Y3, protein |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Keywords - Domaini
Transmembrane, Transmembrane helixPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG3656, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00980000198536 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_009579_3_0_1 |
InParanoidi | Q9H1Y3 |
OMAi | VMFLLMI |
OrthoDBi | 940057at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q9H1Y3 |
TreeFami | TF324998 |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000276, GPCR_Rhodpsn IPR017452, GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM IPR027430, Retinal_BS |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00001, 7tm_1, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00237, GPCRRHODOPSN |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00237, G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_1, 1 hit PS50262, G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2, 1 hit PS00238, OPSIN, 1 hit |
s (2+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
This entry describes 2 produced by isoformsialternative splicing. AlignAdd to basketThis entry has 2 described isoforms and 3 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9H1Y3-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
Also known as: 1-4b-5-6
This isoform has been chosen as the sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. canonicali
10 20 30 40 50
MYSGNRSGGH GYWDGGGAAG AEGPAPAGTL SPAPLFSPGT YERLALLLGS
60 70 80 90 100
IGLLGVGNNL LVLVLYYKFQ RLRTPTHLLL VNISLSDLLV SLFGVTFTFV
110 120 130 140 150
SCLRNGWVWD TVGCVWDGFS GSLFGIVSIA TLTVLAYERY IRVVHARVIN
160 170 180 190 200
FSWAWRAITY IWLYSLAWAG APLLGWNRYI LDVHGLGCTV DWKSKDANDS
210 220 230 240 250
SFVLFLFLGC LVVPLGVIAH CYGHILYSIR MLRCVEDLQT IQVIKILKYE
260 270 280 290 300
KKLAKMCFLM IFTFLVCWMP YIVICFLVVN GHGHLVTPTI SIVSYLFAKS
310 320 330 340 350
NTVYNPVIYV FMIRKFRRSL LQLLCLRLLR CQRPAKDLPA AGSEMQIRPI
360 370 380 390 400
VMSQKDGDRP KKKVTFNSSS IIFIITSDES LSVDDSDKTN GSKVDVIQVR
PL
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There are 3 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketQ6P5W7 | Q6P5W7_HUMAN | Opsin 3 (Encephalopsin, panopsin), ... | OPN3 hCG_1989351 | 189 | Annotation score: | ||
Q6GMT1 | Q6GMT1_HUMAN | Opsin 3 (Encephalopsin, panopsin), ... | OPN3 hCG_1989351 | 142 | Annotation score: | ||
A0A1B0GUF8 | A0A1B0GUF8_HUMAN | Opsin-3 | OPN3 | 155 | Annotation score: |
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflicti | 390 – 396 | NGSKVDV → IGVQSLML in AAD32671 (PubMed:10234000).Curated | 7 |
Natural variant
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variantiVAR_050613 | 167 | A → V. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs12072790Ensembl. | 1 | |
Natural variantiVAR_050614 | 183 | V → I. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs2273712Ensembl. | 1 |
Alternative sequence
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative sequenceiVSP_010209 | 126 – 231 | IVSIA…YSIRM → WISQLQAATREARASMGPVQ QGTICMQ in isoform 2. CuratedAdd BLAST | 106 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AF140242 mRNA Translation: AAD32671.1 AF303588 mRNA Translation: AAK37447.1 AF482426 Genomic DNA Translation: AAO15715.1 AF482426 Genomic DNA Translation: AAO15717.1 AL133390 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC036773 mRNA Translation: AAH36773.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS31072.1 [Q9H1Y3-1] |
RefSeqi | NP_055137.2, NM_014322.2 [Q9H1Y3-1] |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000366554; ENSP00000355512; ENSG00000054277 [Q9H1Y3-1] |
GeneIDi | 23596 |
KEGGi | hsa:23596 |
UCSCi | uc001hza.4, human [Q9H1Y3-1] |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
Alternative splicing, PolymorphismSimilar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AF140242 mRNA Translation: AAD32671.1 AF303588 mRNA Translation: AAK37447.1 AF482426 Genomic DNA Translation: AAO15715.1 AF482426 Genomic DNA Translation: AAO15717.1 AL133390 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC036773 mRNA Translation: AAH36773.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS31072.1 [Q9H1Y3-1] |
RefSeqi | NP_055137.2, NM_014322.2 [Q9H1Y3-1] |
3D structure databases
ModBasei | Search... |
SWISS-MODEL-Workspacei | Submit a new modelling project... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 117131, 8 interactors |
IntActi | Q9H1Y3, 8 interactors |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000355512 |
Protein family/group databases
GPCRDBi | Search... |
PTM databases
GlyGeni | Q9H1Y3, 2 sites |
iPTMneti | Q9H1Y3 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q9H1Y3 |
Polymorphism and mutation databases
BioMutai | OPN3 |
DMDMi | 17380172 |
Proteomic databases
jPOSTi | Q9H1Y3 |
MaxQBi | Q9H1Y3 |
PaxDbi | Q9H1Y3 |
PeptideAtlasi | Q9H1Y3 |
PRIDEi | Q9H1Y3 |
ProteomicsDBi | 80458 [Q9H1Y3-1] 80459 [Q9H1Y3-2] |
Protocols and materials databases
Antibodypediai | 34703, 231 antibodies |
DNASUi | 23596 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000366554; ENSP00000355512; ENSG00000054277 [Q9H1Y3-1] |
GeneIDi | 23596 |
KEGGi | hsa:23596 |
UCSCi | uc001hza.4, human [Q9H1Y3-1] |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 23596 |
DisGeNETi | 23596 |
EuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000054277.12 |
GeneCardsi | OPN3 |
HGNCi | HGNC:14007, OPN3 |
HPAi | ENSG00000054277, Low tissue specificity |
MIMi | 606695, gene |
neXtProti | NX_Q9H1Y3 |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000054277 |
PharmGKBi | PA31939 |
GenAtlasi | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG3656, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00980000198536 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_009579_3_0_1 |
InParanoidi | Q9H1Y3 |
OMAi | VMFLLMI |
OrthoDBi | 940057at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q9H1Y3 |
TreeFami | TF324998 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
PathwayCommonsi | Q9H1Y3 |
Reactomei | R-HSA-418594, G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-419771, Opsins |
Miscellaneous databases
BioGRID-ORCSi | 23596, 9 hits in 843 CRISPR screens |
ChiTaRSi | OPN3, human |
GeneWikii | OPN3 |
GenomeRNAii | 23596 |
Pharosi | Q9H1Y3, Tbio |
PROi | PR:Q9H1Y3 |
RNActi | Q9H1Y3, protein |
SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000054277, Expressed in testis and 230 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | Q9H1Y3, baseline and differential |
Genevisiblei | Q9H1Y3, HS |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000276, GPCR_Rhodpsn IPR017452, GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM IPR027430, Retinal_BS |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00001, 7tm_1, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00237, GPCRRHODOPSN |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00237, G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_1, 1 hit PS50262, G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2, 1 hit PS00238, OPSIN, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | OPN3_HUMAN | |
Accessioni | Q9H1Y3Primary (citable) accession number: Q9H1Y3 Secondary accession number(s): Q8IX08, Q9Y344 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | September 26, 2001 |
Last sequence update: | March 1, 2001 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 164 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | |
Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations - MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families - Human chromosome 1
Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM - Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations - 7-transmembrane G-linked receptors
List of 7-transmembrane G-linked receptor entries