Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta, isoform CRA_b

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• DNA binding Source: RGD
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: RGD
• DNA-binding transcription factor binding Source: RGD
• DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: RGD
• fatty acid binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARbeta/delta, but not PPARgamma, modulate the expression of genes involved in cardiac lipid metabolism."
    Gilde A.J., van der Lee K.A., Willemsen P.H., Chinetti G., van der Leij F.R., van der Vusse G.J., Staels B., van Bilsen M.
    Circ Res 92:518-524(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• linoleic acid binding Source: RGD
• lipid binding Source: RGD
• NF-kappaB binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation leads to down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation during cardiac hypertrophy."
    Planavila A., Laguna J.C., Vazquez-Carrera M.
    J Biol Chem 280:17464-17471(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nuclear receptor activity Source: RGD
• RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding Source: RGD
• transcription coactivator binding Source: RGD
• zinc ion binding Source: InterPro

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adipose tissue development Source: RGD
• apoptotic process Source: RGD
• apoptotic signaling pathway Source: RGD
• axon ensheathment Source: RGD
• cell differentiation Source: RGD
• cell-substrate adhesion Source: RGD
• cellular response to hypoxia Source: RGD
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation leads to down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation during cardiac hypertrophy."
    Planavila A., Laguna J.C., Vazquez-Carrera M.
    J Biol Chem 280:17464-17471(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• decidualization Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta at implantation sites and in decidual cells of rat uterus."
    Ding N.Z., Ma X.H., Diao H.L., Xu L.B., Yang Z.M.
    Reproduction 125:817-825(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryo implantation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta at implantation sites and in decidual cells of rat uterus."
    Ding N.Z., Ma X.H., Diao H.L., Xu L.B., Yang Z.M.
    Reproduction 125:817-825(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid beta-oxidation Source: RGD
• fatty acid metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid oxidation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARbeta/delta, but not PPARgamma, modulate the expression of genes involved in cardiac lipid metabolism."
    Gilde A.J., van der Lee K.A., Willemsen P.H., Chinetti G., van der Leij F.R., van der Vusse G.J., Staels B., van Bilsen M.
    Circ Res 92:518-524(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid transport Source: RGD
• heart development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Changes in expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism: upregulation of all three members of the PPAR family (alpha, gamma, delta) and the newly described adiponectin receptor 2, but not adiponectin receptor 1 during neonatal cardiac development of the rat."
    Steinmetz M., Quentin T., Poppe A., Paul T., Jux C.
    Basic Res Cardiol 100:263-269(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone-mediated signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• keratinocyte migration Source: RGD
• keratinocyte proliferation Source: RGD
• lipid metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Carbaprostacyclin, a PPARdelta agonist, ameliorates excess lipid accumulation in diabetic rat placentas."
    Kurtz M., Capobianco E., Martinez N., Fernandez J., Higa R., White V., Jawerbaum A.
    Life Sci 86:781-790(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) activation protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis."
    Pesant M., Sueur S., Dutartre P., Tallandier M., Grimaldi P.A., Rochette L., Connat J.L.
    Cardiovasc Res 69:440-449(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell growth Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta activation improves angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro."
    Sheng L., Ye P., Liu Y.X., Han C.G., Zhang Z.Y.
    Clin Exp Hypertens 30:109-119(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cholesterol storage Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "PPARbeta/delta activation inhibits angiotensin II-induced collagen type I expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts."
    Zhang H., Pi R., Li R., Wang P., Tang F., Zhou S., Gao J., Jiang J., Chen S., Liu P.
    Arch Biochem Biophys 460:25-32(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Source: RGD
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The PPARdelta agonist GW501516 suppresses interleukin-6-mediated hepatocyte acute phase reaction via STAT3 inhibition."
    Kino T., Rice K.C., Chrousos G.P.
    Eur J Clin Invest 37:425-433(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of miRNA transcription Source: RGD
• negative regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: RGD
• negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPAR delta agonist L-165041 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of cell cycle."
    Lim H.J., Lee S., Park J.H., Lee K.S., Choi H.E., Chung K.S., Lee H.H., Park H.Y.
    Atherosclerosis 202:446-454(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPAR delta agonist L-165041 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of cell cycle."
    Lim H.J., Lee S., Park J.H., Lee K.S., Choi H.E., Chung K.S., Lee H.H., Park H.Y.
    Atherosclerosis 202:446-454(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: RGD
• phospholipid biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta and its activator PGI2 are reduced in diabetic embryopathy: involvement of PPARdelta activation in lipid metabolic and signalling pathways in rat embryo early organogenesis."
    Higa R., Gonzalez E., Pustovrh M.C., White V., Capobianco E., Martinez N., Jawerbaum A.
    Mol Hum Reprod 13:103-110(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• placenta development Source: RGD
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of epidermis development Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta activation promotes stratum corneum formation and epidermal permeability barrier development during late gestation."
    Jiang Y.J., Barish G., Lu B., Evans R.M., Crumrine D., Schmuth M., Elias P.M., Feingold K.R.
    J Invest Dermatol 130:511-519(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "PPARdelta is a fatty acid sensor that enhances mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-secreting cells and protects against fatty acid-induced dysfunction."
    Ravnskjaer K., Frigerio F., Boergesen M., Nielsen T., Maechler P., Mandrup S.
    J Lipid Res 51:1370-1379(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: RGD
• positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta is a fatty acid sensor that enhances mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-secreting cells and protects against fatty acid-induced dysfunction."
    Ravnskjaer K., Frigerio F., Boergesen M., Nielsen T., Maechler P., Mandrup S.
    J Lipid Res 51:1370-1379(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of myoblast proliferation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: RGD
• positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration Source: RGD
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: RGD
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proteoglycan metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Agonists of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha, beta/delta or gamma reduce transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced proteoglycans' production in chondrocytes."
    Poleni P.E., Bianchi A., Etienne S., Koufany M., Sebillaud S., Netter P., Terlain B., Jouzeau J.Y.
    Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15:493-505(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGD
• regulation of fat cell differentiation Source: RGD
• regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation Source: RGD
• response to activity Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to the development of type 2 diabetes or prevention by daily wheel running in hyperphagic OLETF rats."
    Rector R.S., Uptergrove G.M., Borengasser S.J., Mikus C.R., Morris E.M., Naples S.P., Laye M.J., Laughlin M.H., Booth F.W., Ibdah J.A., Thyfault J.P.
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298:E1179-87(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to glucose Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta expression in cardiomyopathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats."
    Yu B.C., Chang C.K., Ou H.Y., Cheng K.C., Cheng J.T.
    Cardiovasc Res 80:78-87(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipid Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organic substance Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of berberine on PPARalpha/delta/gamma expression in type 2 diabetic rat retinae."
    Zhou J.Y., Zhou S.W.
    Yao Xue Xue Bao 42:1243-1249(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Tetradecylthioacetic acid downregulates cyclooxygenase 2 in the renal cortex of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats."
    Bivol L.M., Hultstrom M., Gudbrandsen O.A., Berge R.K., Iversen B.M.
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R1866-73(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to vitamin A Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of nutritional vitamin A deficiency on lipid metabolism in the rat heart: Its relation to PPAR gene expression."
    Vega V.A., Anzulovich A.C., Varas S.M., Bonomi M.R., Gimenez M.S., Oliveros L.B.
    Nutrition 25:828-838(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vasodilation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endothelium-dependent vasodilator effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta agonists via the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase-Akt pathway."
    Jimenez R., Sanchez M., Zarzuelo M.J., Romero M., Quintela A.M., Lopez-Sepulveda R., Galindo P., Gomez-Guzman M., Haro J.M., Zarzuelo A., Perez-Vizcaino F., Duarte J.
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 332:554-561(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vitamin A metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "PPARbeta regulates vitamin A metabolism-related gene expression in hepatic stellate cells undergoing activation."
    Hellemans K., Rombouts K., Quartier E., Dittie A.S., Knorr A., Michalik L., Rogiers V., Schuit F., Wahli W., Geerts A.
    J Lipid Res 44:280-295(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• wound healing Source: RGD

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• DNA-binding transcription factor binding Source: RGD
• NF-kappaB binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation leads to down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation during cardiac hypertrophy."
    Planavila A., Laguna J.C., Vazquez-Carrera M.
    J Biol Chem 280:17464-17471(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription coactivator binding Source: RGD

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MEQPQEETPE AREEEKEEVA TGDGAPELNG GPEHTLPSSS CTDLSQNSSP 
        60         70         80         90        100
SSLLDQLQMG CDGASGGSLN MECRVCGDKA SGFHYGVHAC EGCKGFFRRT 
       110        120        130        140        150
IRMKLKYEKC DRICKIQKKN RNKCQYCRFQ KCLALGMSHN AIRFGRMPEA 
       160        170        180        190        200
EKRKLVAGLT ASEGCQQNPQ LADLKAFSKH IYNAYLKNFN MTKKKARSIL 
       210        220        230        240        250
TGKSSHNAPF IIHDIETLWQ AEKGLVWKQL VNGPPPYNEI SVHVFYRCQS 
       260        270        280        290        300
TTVETVRELT EFAKNIPNFS SLFLNDQVTL LKYGVHEAIF AMLASIVNKD 
       310        320        330        340        350
GLLVANGSGF VTHEFLRSIR KPFSDIIEPK FEFAVKFNAL ELDDSDLALF 
       360        370        380        390        400
IAAIILCGDR PGLMNVPQVE AIQDTILQAL EFHLQVNHPD SQYLFPKLLQ 
       410        420        430        440
KMADLRQLVT EHAQMMQWLK KTESETLLHP LLQEIYKDMY            

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ