Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta, isoform CRA_b

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• DNA binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors."
    Kliewer S.A., Forman B.M., Blumberg B., Ong E.S., Borgmeyer U., Mangelsdorf D.J., Umesono K., Evans R.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:7355-7359(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha."
    Fu J., Gaetani S., Oveisi F., Lo Verme J., Serrano A., Rodriguez De Fonseca F., Rosengarth A., Luecke H., Di Giacomo B., Tarzia G., Piomelli D.
    Nature 425:90-93(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta regulation of miR-15a in ischemia-induced cerebral vascular endothelial injury."
    Yin K.J., Deng Z., Hamblin M., Xiang Y., Huang H., Zhang J., Jiang X., Wang Y., Chen Y.E.
    J. Neurosci. 30:6398-6408(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• drug binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Molecular recognition of fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors."
    Xu H.E., Lambert M.H., Montana V.G., Parks D.J., Blanchard S.G., Brown P.J., Sternbach D.D., Lehmann J.M., Wisely G.B., Willson T.M., Kliewer S.A., Milburn M.V.
    Mol. Cell 3:397-403(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma."
    Kliewer S.A., Sundseth S.S., Jones S.A., Brown P.J., Wisely G.B., Koble C.S., Devchand P., Wahli W., Willson T.M., Lenhard J.M., Lehmann J.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:4318-4323(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARbeta/delta, but not PPARgamma, modulate the expression of genes involved in cardiac lipid metabolism."
    Gilde A.J., van der Lee K.A., Willemsen P.H., Chinetti G., van der Leij F.R., van der Vusse G.J., Staels B., van Bilsen M.
    Circ. Res. 92:518-524(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ligand-activated transcription factor activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• linoleic acid binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Molecular recognition of fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors."
    Xu H.E., Lambert M.H., Montana V.G., Parks D.J., Blanchard S.G., Brown P.J., Sternbach D.D., Lehmann J.M., Wisely G.B., Willson T.M., Kliewer S.A., Milburn M.V.
    Mol. Cell 3:397-403(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha."
    Fu J., Gaetani S., Oveisi F., Lo Verme J., Serrano A., Rodriguez De Fonseca F., Rosengarth A., Luecke H., Di Giacomo B., Tarzia G., Piomelli D.
    Nature 425:90-93(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• NF-kappaB binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation leads to down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation during cardiac hypertrophy."
    Planavila A., Laguna J.C., Vazquez-Carrera M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:17464-17471(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nuclear receptor activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha."
    Fu J., Gaetani S., Oveisi F., Lo Verme J., Serrano A., Rodriguez De Fonseca F., Rosengarth A., Luecke H., Di Giacomo B., Tarzia G., Piomelli D.
    Nature 425:90-93(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cyclo-oxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin mediates embryo implantation in the mouse via PPARdelta."
    Lim H., Gupta R.A., Ma W.G., Paria B.C., Moller D.E., Morrow J.D., DuBois R.N., Trzaskos J.M., Dey S.K.
    Genes Dev. 13:1561-1574(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• steroid hormone receptor activity Source: InterPro
• transcription coactivator activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta is a fatty acid sensor that enhances mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-secreting cells and protects against fatty acid-induced dysfunction."
    Ravnskjaer K., Frigerio F., Boergesen M., Nielsen T., Maechler P., Mandrup S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:1370-1379(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription coactivator binding Source: Ensembl
• transcription factor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mediate p300-dependent STAT1 Protein Interaction with Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma in CD36 Protein Expression and Foam Cell Formation."
    Kotla S., Rao G.N.
    J. Biol. Chem. 290:30306-30320(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• zinc ion binding Source: InterPro

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adipose tissue development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer."
    Barak Y., Liao D., He W., Ong E.S., Nelson M.C., Olefsky J.M., Boland R., Evans R.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:303-308(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The 15-lipoxygenase-1 product 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid down-regulates PPAR-delta to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells."
    Shureiqi I., Jiang W., Zuo X., Wu Y., Stimmel J.B., Leesnitzer L.M., Morris J.S., Fan H.Z., Fischer S.M., Lippman S.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:9968-9973(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apoptotic signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Prostacyclin-dependent apoptosis mediated by PPAR delta."
    Hatae T., Wada M., Yokoyama C., Shimonishi M., Tanabe T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:46260-46267(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• axon ensheathment Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Growth, adipose, brain, and skin alterations resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta(delta)."
    Peters J.M., Lee S.S., Li W., Ward J.M., Gavrilova O., Everett C., Reitman M.L., Hudson L.D., Gonzalez F.J.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:5119-5128(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differentiation of trophoblast giant cells and their metabolic functions are dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta."
    Nadra K., Anghel S.I., Joye E., Tan N.S., Basu-Modak S., Trono D., Wahli W., Desvergne B.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:3266-3281(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-substrate adhesion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Impaired skin wound healing in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARbeta mutant mice."
    Michalik L., Desvergne B., Tan N.S., Basu-Modak S., Escher P., Rieusset J., Peters J.M., Kaya G., Gonzalez F.J., Zakany J., Metzger D., Chambon P., Duboule D., Wahli W.
    J. Cell Biol. 154:799-814(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to hypoxia Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The hypoxia-inducible microRNA cluster miR-199a~214 targets myocardial PPARdelta and impairs mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation."
    el Azzouzi H., Leptidis S., Dirkx E., Hoeks J., van Bree B., Brand K., McClellan E.A., Poels E., Sluimer J.C., van den Hoogenhof M.M., Armand A.S., Yin X., Langley S., Bourajjaj M., Olieslagers S., Krishnan J., Vooijs M., Kurihara H.

    , Stubbs A., Pinto Y.M., Krek W., Mayr M., da Costa Martins P.A., Schrauwen P., De Windt L.J.
    Cell Metab. 18:341-354(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipid Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation leads to down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation during cardiac hypertrophy."
    Planavila A., Laguna J.C., Vazquez-Carrera M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:17464-17471(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• decidualization Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta at implantation sites and in decidual cells of rat uterus."
    Ding N.Z., Ma X.H., Diao H.L., Xu L.B., Yang Z.M.
    Reproduction 125:817-825(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryo implantation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta at implantation sites and in decidual cells of rat uterus."
    Ding N.Z., Ma X.H., Diao H.L., Xu L.B., Yang Z.M.
    Reproduction 125:817-825(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid beta-oxidation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta induces fatty acid beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle and attenuates metabolic syndrome."
    Tanaka T., Yamamoto J., Iwasaki S., Asaba H., Hamura H., Ikeda Y., Watanabe M., Magoori K., Ioka R.X., Tachibana K., Watanabe Y., Uchiyama Y., Sumi K., Iguchi H., Ito S., Doi T., Hamakubo T., Naito M.

    , Auwerx J., Yanagisawa M., Kodama T., Sakai J.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:15924-15929(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid oxidation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARbeta/delta, but not PPARgamma, modulate the expression of genes involved in cardiac lipid metabolism."
    Gilde A.J., van der Lee K.A., Willemsen P.H., Chinetti G., van der Leij F.R., van der Vusse G.J., Staels B., van Bilsen M.
    Circ. Res. 92:518-524(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fatty acid transport Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta induces fatty acid beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle and attenuates metabolic syndrome."
    Tanaka T., Yamamoto J., Iwasaki S., Asaba H., Hamura H., Ikeda Y., Watanabe M., Magoori K., Ioka R.X., Tachibana K., Watanabe Y., Uchiyama Y., Sumi K., Iguchi H., Ito S., Doi T., Hamakubo T., Naito M.

    , Auwerx J., Yanagisawa M., Kodama T., Sakai J.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:15924-15929(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heart development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Changes in expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism: upregulation of all three members of the PPAR family (alpha, gamma, delta) and the newly described adiponectin receptor 2, but not adiponectin receptor 1 during neonatal cardiac development of the rat."
    Steinmetz M., Quentin T., Poppe A., Paul T., Jux C.
    Basic Res. Cardiol. 100:263-269(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone-mediated signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• keratinocyte migration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Impaired skin wound healing in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARbeta mutant mice."
    Michalik L., Desvergne B., Tan N.S., Basu-Modak S., Escher P., Rieusset J., Peters J.M., Kaya G., Gonzalez F.J., Zakany J., Metzger D., Chambon P., Duboule D., Wahli W.
    J. Cell Biol. 154:799-814(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• keratinocyte proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Targeted deletion of the cytosolic domain of tissue factor in mice does not affect development."
    Melis E., Moons L., De Mol M., Herbert J.M., Mackman N., Collen D., Carmeliet P., Dewerchin M.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 286:580-586(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Carbaprostacyclin, a PPARdelta agonist, ameliorates excess lipid accumulation in diabetic rat placentas."
    Kurtz M., Capobianco E., Martinez N., Fernandez J., Higa R., White V., Jawerbaum A.
    Life Sci. 86:781-790(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mRNA transcription Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta is a fatty acid sensor that enhances mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-secreting cells and protects against fatty acid-induced dysfunction."
    Ravnskjaer K., Frigerio F., Boergesen M., Nielsen T., Maechler P., Mandrup S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:1370-1379(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• multicellular organism development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) activation protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis."
    Pesant M., Sueur S., Dutartre P., Tallandier M., Grimaldi P.A., Rochette L., Connat J.L.
    Cardiovasc. Res. 69:440-449(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell growth Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta activation improves angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro."
    Sheng L., Ye P., Liu Y.X., Han C.G., Zhang Z.Y.
    Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 30:109-119(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cholesterol storage Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "PPARbeta/delta activation inhibits angiotensin II-induced collagen type I expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts."
    Zhang H., Pi R., Li R., Wang P., Tang F., Zhou S., Gao J., Jiang J., Chen S., Liu P.
    Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 460:25-32(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Activation of nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta accelerates intestinal adenoma growth."
    Gupta R.A., Wang D., Katkuri S., Wang H., Dey S.K., DuBois R.N.
    Nat. Med. 10:245-247(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The PPARdelta agonist GW501516 suppresses interleukin-6-mediated hepatocyte acute phase reaction via STAT3 inhibition."
    Kino T., Rice K.C., Chrousos G.P.
    Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 37:425-433(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "PPARdelta regulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration."
    Angione A.R., Jiang C., Pan D., Wang Y.X., Kuang S.
    Skelet Muscle 1:33-33(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta regulation of miR-15a in ischemia-induced cerebral vascular endothelial injury."
    Yin K.J., Deng Z., Hamblin M., Xiang Y., Huang H., Zhang J., Jiang X., Wang Y., Chen Y.E.
    J. Neurosci. 30:6398-6408(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPAR delta agonist L-165041 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of cell cycle."
    Lim H.J., Lee S., Park J.H., Lee K.S., Choi H.E., Chung K.S., Lee H.H., Park H.Y.
    Atherosclerosis 202:446-454(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPAR delta agonist L-165041 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of cell cycle."
    Lim H.J., Lee S., Park J.H., Lee K.S., Choi H.E., Chung K.S., Lee H.H., Park H.Y.
    Atherosclerosis 202:446-454(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors."
    Kliewer S.A., Forman B.M., Blumberg B., Ong E.S., Borgmeyer U., Mangelsdorf D.J., Umesono K., Evans R.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:7355-7359(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta and its activator PGI2 are reduced in diabetic embryopathy: involvement of PPARdelta activation in lipid metabolic and signalling pathways in rat embryo early organogenesis."
    Higa R., Gonzalez E., Pustovrh M.C., White V., Capobianco E., Martinez N., Jawerbaum A.
    Mol. Hum. Reprod. 13:103-110(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• placenta development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer."
    Barak Y., Liao D., He W., Ong E.S., Nelson M.C., Olefsky J.M., Boland R., Evans R.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:303-308(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of blood vessel diameter Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endothelium-dependent vasodilator effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta agonists via the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase-Akt pathway."
    Jimenez R., Sanchez M., Zarzuelo M.J., Romero M., Quintela A.M., Lopez-Sepulveda R., Galindo P., Gomez-Guzman M., Haro J.M., Zarzuelo A., Perez-Vizcaino F., Duarte J.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 332:554-561(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer."
    Barak Y., Liao D., He W., Ong E.S., Nelson M.C., Olefsky J.M., Boland R., Evans R.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:303-308(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of epidermis development Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta activation promotes stratum corneum formation and epidermal permeability barrier development during late gestation."
    Jiang Y.J., Barish G., Lu B., Evans R.M., Crumrine D., Schmuth M., Elias P.M., Feingold K.R.
    J. Invest. Dermatol. 130:511-519(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "PPARdelta regulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration."
    Angione A.R., Jiang C., Pan D., Wang Y.X., Kuang S.
    Skelet Muscle 1:33-33(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of insulin secretion Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PPARdelta is a fatty acid sensor that enhances mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-secreting cells and protects against fatty acid-induced dysfunction."
    Ravnskjaer K., Frigerio F., Boergesen M., Nielsen T., Maechler P., Mandrup S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:1370-1379(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of myoblast proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "PPARdelta regulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration."
    Angione A.R., Jiang C., Pan D., Wang Y.X., Kuang S.
    Skelet Muscle 1:33-33(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differentiation of trophoblast giant cells and their metabolic functions are dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta."
    Nadra K., Anghel S.I., Joye E., Tan N.S., Basu-Modak S., Trono D., Wahli W., Desvergne B.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:3266-3281(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "PPARdelta regulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration."
    Angione A.R., Jiang C., Pan D., Wang Y.X., Kuang S.
    Skelet Muscle 1:33-33(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha."
    Fu J., Gaetani S., Oveisi F., Lo Verme J., Serrano A., Rodriguez De Fonseca F., Rosengarth A., Luecke H., Di Giacomo B., Tarzia G., Piomelli D.
    Nature 425:90-93(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proteoglycan metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Agonists of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha, beta/delta or gamma reduce transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced proteoglycans' production in chondrocytes."
    Poleni P.E., Bianchi A., Etienne S., Koufany M., Sebillaud S., Netter P., Terlain B., Jouzeau J.Y.
    Osteoarthr. Cartil. 15:493-505(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Growth, adipose, brain, and skin alterations resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta(delta)."
    Peters J.M., Lee S.S., Li W., Ward J.M., Gavrilova O., Everett C., Reitman M.L., Hudson L.D., Gonzalez F.J.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:5119-5128(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Prostaglandin E(2) promotes colorectal adenoma growth via transactivation of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta."
    Wang D., Wang H., Shi Q., Katkuri S., Walhi W., Desvergne B., Das S.K., Dey S.K., DuBois R.N.
    Cancer Cell 6:285-295(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of fat cell differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer."
    Barak Y., Liao D., He W., Ong E.S., Nelson M.C., Olefsky J.M., Boland R., Evans R.M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:303-308(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "PPARdelta regulates satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration."
    Angione A.R., Jiang C., Pan D., Wang Y.X., Kuang S.
    Skelet Muscle 1:33-33(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to activity Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to the development of type 2 diabetes or prevention by daily wheel running in hyperphagic OLETF rats."
    Rector R.S., Uptergrove G.M., Borengasser S.J., Mikus C.R., Morris E.M., Naples S.P., Laye M.J., Laughlin M.H., Booth F.W., Ibdah J.A., Thyfault J.P.
    Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 298:E1179-87(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to glucose Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta expression in cardiomyopathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats."
    Yu B.C., Chang C.K., Ou H.Y., Cheng K.C., Cheng J.T.
    Cardiovasc. Res. 80:78-87(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipid Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to nutrient levels Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organic substance Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of berberine on PPARalpha/delta/gamma expression in type 2 diabetic rat retinae."
    Zhou J.Y., Zhou S.W.
    Yao Xue Xue Bao 42:1243-1249(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Tetradecylthioacetic acid downregulates cyclooxygenase 2 in the renal cortex of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats."
    Bivol L.M., Hultstrom M., Gudbrandsen O.A., Berge R.K., Iversen B.M.
    Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 295:R1866-73(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to vitamin A Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of nutritional vitamin A deficiency on lipid metabolism in the rat heart: Its relation to PPAR gene expression."
    Vega V.A., Anzulovich A.C., Varas S.M., Bonomi M.R., Gimenez M.S., Oliveros L.B.
    Nutrition 25:828-838(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vitamin A metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "PPARbeta regulates vitamin A metabolism-related gene expression in hepatic stellate cells undergoing activation."
    Hellemans K., Rombouts K., Quartier E., Dittie A.S., Knorr A., Michalik L., Rogiers V., Schuit F., Wahli W., Geerts A.
    J. Lipid Res. 44:280-295(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• wound healing Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Impaired skin wound healing in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARbeta mutant mice."
    Michalik L., Desvergne B., Tan N.S., Basu-Modak S., Escher P., Rieusset J., Peters J.M., Kaya G., Gonzalez F.J., Zakany J., Metzger D., Chambon P., Duboule D., Wahli W.
    J. Cell Biol. 154:799-814(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• NF-kappaB binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation leads to down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation during cardiac hypertrophy."
    Planavila A., Laguna J.C., Vazquez-Carrera M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:17464-17471(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cyclo-oxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin mediates embryo implantation in the mouse via PPARdelta."
    Lim H., Gupta R.A., Ma W.G., Paria B.C., Moller D.E., Morrow J.D., DuBois R.N., Trzaskos J.M., Dey S.K.
    Genes Dev. 13:1561-1574(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription coactivator binding Source: Ensembl
• transcription factor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mediate p300-dependent STAT1 Protein Interaction with Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma in CD36 Protein Expression and Foam Cell Formation."
    Kotla S., Rao G.N.
    J. Biol. Chem. 290:30306-30320(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MEQPQEETPE AREEEKEEVA TGDGAPELNG GPEHTLPSSS CTDLSQNSSP 
        60         70         80         90        100
SSLLDQLQMG CDGASGGSLN MECRVCGDKA SGFHYGVHAC EGCKGFFRRT 
       110        120        130        140        150
IRMKLKYEKC DRICKIQKKN RNKCQYCRFQ KCLALGMSHN AIRFGRMPEA 
       160        170        180        190        200
EKRKLVAGLT ASEGCQQNPQ LADLKAFSKH IYNAYLKNFN MTKKKARSIL 
       210        220        230        240        250
TGKSSHNAPF IIHDIETLWQ AEKGLVWKQL VNGPPPYNEI SVHVFYRCQS 
       260        270        280        290        300
TTVETVRELT EFAKNIPNFS SLFLNDQVTL LKYGVHEAIF AMLASIVNKD 
       310        320        330        340        350
GLLVANGSGF VTHEFLRSIR KPFSDIIEPK FEFAVKFNAL ELDDSDLALF 
       360        370        380        390        400
IAAIILCGDR PGLMNVPQVE AIQDTILQAL EFHLQVNHPD SQYLFPKLLQ 
       410        420        430        440
KMADLRQLVT EHAQMMQWLK KTESETLLHP LLQEIYKDMY            

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ