NPAS2

Functionⁱ

Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1|ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. The NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer positively regulates the expression of MAOA, F7 and LDHA and modulates the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of adenylate cyclase type 1 (ADCY1) in the retina. NPAS2 plays an important role in sleep homeostasis and in maintaining circadian behaviors in normal light/dark and feeding conditions and in the effective synchronization of feeding behavior with scheduled food availability. Regulates the gene transcription of key metabolic pathways in the liver and is involved in DNA damage response by regulating several cell cycle and DNA repair genes.5 Publications

Cofactorⁱ

hemeBy similarity

Enzyme regulationⁱ

Carbon monoxide (CO) and the redox state of the cell can modulate the transcriptional activity of the NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. NADH and NADPH enhance the DNA-binding activity of the heterodimer whereas CO binds the heme group in NPAS2 and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of the heterodimer.By similarity

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Metal bindingⁱ	119	Iron (heme B axial ligand)By similarity		1
Metal bindingⁱ	171	Iron (heme B axial ligand)By similarity		1

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

DNA binding
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 11441146
DNA binding transcription factor activity
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 9012850
Hsp90 protein binding
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9079689
metal ion binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
protein dimerization activity Source: InterPro
RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding Source: NTNU_SB

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Source: UniProtKB-KW
central nervous system development
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 9012850
circadian regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKB
circadian rhythm Source: Reactome
negative regulation of cell death
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 18819933
positive regulation of DNA repair
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 18819933
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 11441146
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Source: MGI
Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
- 9576906
regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: Reactome
regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 18819933
response to redox state
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 11441146
transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-KW

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Activator, DNA-binding
Biological process	Biological rhythms, DNA damage, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand	Heme, Iron, Metal-binding

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-1368108 BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression R-HSA-1989781 PPARA activates gene expression R-HSA-400253 Circadian Clock

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-1368108 BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression
R-HSA-1989781 PPARA activates gene expression
R-HSA-400253 Circadian Clock

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2 Short name: Neuronal PAS2 Alternative name(s): Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS protein MOP4 Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 9 Short name: bHLHe9 Member of PAS protein 4 PAS domain-containing protein 4
Gene namesⁱ	Name:NPAS2 Synonyms:BHLHE9, MOP4, PASD4
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 2

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000170485.16
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:7895 NPAS2
MIMⁱ	603347 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q99743

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Nucleus

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	4862
MIMⁱ	608516 phenotype
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000170485
PharmGKBⁱ	PA31696

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	NPAS2
DMDMⁱ	311033423

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000127406	1 – 824	Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2Add BLAST		824

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	Q99743
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q99743
PRIDEⁱ	Q99743
ProteomicsDBⁱ	78454

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q99743
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q99743

Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000170485
CleanExⁱ	HS_NPAS2
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q99743 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q99743 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	HPA019674

HPAⁱ

HPA019674

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Component of the circadian clock oscillator which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK or NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER proteins. Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Forms a heterodimer with ARNTL/BMAL1 and this heterodimerization is required for E-box-dependent transactivation. Interacts with NCOA3, KAT2B, CREBBP and EP300.1 Publication

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct
ARNTL	O00327-8	4	EBI-3932727,EBI-11991546
ARNTL2	Q8WYA1-3	4	EBI-3932727,EBI-12268276
NCK2	O43639	4	EBI-3932727,EBI-713635
NGLY1	Q96IV0	6	EBI-3932727,EBI-6165879

Show more details

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Hsp90 protein binding
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9079689
protein dimerization activity Source: InterPro

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	110923, 30 interactors
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-60821N
IntActⁱ	Q99743, 15 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000338283

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q99743
SMRⁱ	Q99743
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Domainⁱ	9 – 59	bHLHPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	51
Domainⁱ	82 – 152	PAS 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	71
Domainⁱ	237 – 307	PAS 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	71
Domainⁱ	311 – 354	PACAdd BLAST	44

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Regionⁱ	1 – 61	Sufficient for heterodimer formation with ARNTL/BMAL1, E-box binding and for the effect of NADPHBy similarityAdd BLAST		61

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Repeat

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IQ5V Eukaryota ENOG410Y7Z8 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000118788
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG050997
InParanoidⁱ	Q99743
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K09026
OMAⁱ	FLKEMCI
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G11CV
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q99743
TreeFamⁱ	TF324568

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database More...CDDⁱ	cd00083 HLH, 1 hit cd00130 PAS, 2 hits
Gene3Dⁱ	4.10.280.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011598 bHLH_dom IPR036638 HLH_DNA-bd_sf IPR001067 Nuc_translocat IPR001610 PAC IPR000014 PAS IPR035965 PAS-like_dom_sf IPR013767 PAS_fold
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00010 HLH, 1 hit PF00989 PAS, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00785 NCTRNSLOCATR
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00353 HLH, 1 hit SM00086 PAC, 1 hit SM00091 PAS, 2 hits
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47459 SSF47459, 1 hit SSF55785 SSF55785, 2 hits
TIGRFAMsⁱ	TIGR00229 sensory_box, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS50888 BHLH, 1 hit PS50112 PAS, 2 hits

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Q99743-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MDEDEKDRAK RASRNKSEKK RRDQFNVLIK ELSSMLPGNT RKMDKTTVLE 
        60         70         80         90        100
KVIGFLQKHN EVSAQTEICD IQQDWKPSFL SNEEFTQLML EALDGFIIAV 
       110        120        130        140        150
TTDGSIIYVS DSITPLLGHL PSDVMDQNLL NFLPEQEHSE VYKILSSHML 
       160        170        180        190        200
VTDSPSPEYL KSDSDLEFYC HLLRGSLNPK EFPTYEYIKF VGNFRSYNNV 
       210        220        230        240        250
PSPSCNGFDN TLSRPCRVPL GKEVCFIATV RLATPQFLKE MCIVDEPLEE 
       260        270        280        290        300
FTSRHSLEWK FLFLDHRAPP IIGYLPFEVL GTSGYDYYHI DDLELLARCH 
       310        320        330        340        350
QHLMQFGKGK SCCYRFLTKG QQWIWLQTHY YITYHQWNSK PEFIVCTHSV 
       360        370        380        390        400
VSYADVRVER RQELALEDPP SEALHSSALK DKGSSLEPRQ HFNTLDVGAS 
       410        420        430        440        450
GLNTSHSPSA SSRSSHKSSH TAMSEPTSTP TKLMAEASTP ALPRSATLPQ 
       460        470        480        490        500
ELPVPGLSQA ATMPAPLPSP SSCDLTQQLL PQTVLQSTPA PMAQFSAQFS 
       510        520        530        540        550
MFQTIKDQLE QRTRILQANI RWQQEELHKI QEQLCLVQDS NVQMFLQQPA 
       560        570        580        590        600
VSLSFSSTQR PEAQQQLQQR SAAVTQPQLG AGPQLPGQIS SAQVTSQHLL 
       610        620        630        640        650
RESSVISTQG PKPMRSSQLM QSSGRSGSSL VSPFSSATAA LPPSLNLTTP 
       660        670        680        690        700
ASTSQDASQC QPSPDFSHDR QLRLLLSQPI QPMMPGSCDA RQPSEVSRTG 
       710        720        730        740        750
RQVKYAQSQT VFQNPDAHPA NSSSAPMPVL LMGQAVLHPS FPASQPSPLQ 
       760        770        780        790        800
PAQARQQPPQ HYLQVQAPTS LHSEQQDSLL LSTYSQQPGT LGYPQPPPAQ 
       810        820 
PQPLRPPRRV SSLSESSGLQ QPPR

Length:824

Mass (Da):91,791

Last modified:November 2, 2010 - v3

Checksum:ⁱ679919FCDD3AFDEB

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	51	K → E in AAC51211 (PubMed:9079689).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	164	S → G in AAC51211 (PubMed:9079689).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	308	K → T in AAB47250 (PubMed:9012850).Curated	1

Polymorphismⁱ

Variants in NPAS2 show a susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder (SAD) [MIMⁱ:608516]. SAD is a depressive condition resulting from seasonal changes, and with diurnal preference.1 Publication

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_029078	394	T → A Associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer risk. 5 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs2305160Ensembl.		1
Natural variantⁱVAR_029079	471	S → L Susceptibility to seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and diurnal preference. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs11541353Ensembl.		1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	U77970 mRNA Translation: AAB47250.1 AC016738 Genomic DNA Translation: AAY14822.1 AC092168 Genomic DNA No translation available. AC106891 Genomic DNA Translation: AAX88966.1 BC051351 mRNA Translation: AAH51351.2 BC072383 mRNA Translation: AAH72383.1 U51625 mRNA Translation: AAC51211.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS2048.1
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_002509.2, NM_002518.3
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.156832 Hs.705895

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000335681; ENSP00000338283; ENSG00000170485
GeneIDⁱ	4862
KEGGⁱ	hsa:4862
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc002tap.2 human

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
Q99743	Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		HUMAN		824
UPI00045D9D05		CHLSB		890
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		PONAB		889
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		MACFA		889
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		MACMU		824
+129

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
Q99743	Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		HUMAN		824
UPI00045D9D05		CHLSB		890
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		PONAB		889
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		MACFA		889
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2		MACMU		824
+296

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	U77970 mRNA Translation: AAB47250.1 AC016738 Genomic DNA Translation: AAY14822.1 AC092168 Genomic DNA No translation available. AC106891 Genomic DNA Translation: AAX88966.1 BC051351 mRNA Translation: AAH51351.2 BC072383 mRNA Translation: AAH72383.1 U51625 mRNA Translation: AAC51211.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS2048.1
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_002509.2, NM_002518.3
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.156832 Hs.705895

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q99743
SMRⁱ	Q99743
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	110923, 30 interactors
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-60821N
IntActⁱ	Q99743, 15 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000338283

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q99743
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q99743

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	NPAS2
DMDMⁱ	311033423

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	Q99743
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q99743
PRIDEⁱ	Q99743
ProteomicsDBⁱ	78454

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000335681; ENSP00000338283; ENSG00000170485
GeneIDⁱ	4862
KEGGⁱ	hsa:4862
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc002tap.2 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	4862
DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	4862
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000170485.16
GeneCardsⁱ	NPAS2
H-InvDBⁱ	HIX0200274
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:7895 NPAS2
Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	HPA019674
MIMⁱ	603347 gene 608516 phenotype
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q99743
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000170485
PharmGKBⁱ	PA31696
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IQ5V Eukaryota ENOG410Y7Z8 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000118788
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG050997
InParanoidⁱ	Q99743
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K09026
OMAⁱ	FLKEMCI
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G11CV
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q99743
TreeFamⁱ	TF324568

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-1368108 BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression R-HSA-1989781 PPARA activates gene expression R-HSA-400253 Circadian Clock

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-1368108 BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression
R-HSA-1989781 PPARA activates gene expression
R-HSA-400253 Circadian Clock

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	NPAS2 human
GeneWikiⁱ	NPAS2
GenomeRNAiⁱ	4862
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:Q99743
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000170485
CleanExⁱ	HS_NPAS2
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q99743 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q99743 HS

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database More...CDDⁱ	cd00083 HLH, 1 hit cd00130 PAS, 2 hits
Gene3Dⁱ	4.10.280.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011598 bHLH_dom IPR036638 HLH_DNA-bd_sf IPR001067 Nuc_translocat IPR001610 PAC IPR000014 PAS IPR035965 PAS-like_dom_sf IPR013767 PAS_fold
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00010 HLH, 1 hit PF00989 PAS, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00785 NCTRNSLOCATR
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00353 HLH, 1 hit SM00086 PAC, 1 hit SM00091 PAS, 2 hits
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47459 SSF47459, 1 hit SSF55785 SSF55785, 2 hits
TIGRFAMsⁱ	TIGR00229 sensory_box, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS50888 BHLH, 1 hit PS50112 PAS, 2 hits
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	NPAS2_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	Q99743Primary (citable) accession number: Q99743 Secondary accession number(s): Q4ZFV9 , Q53SQ3, Q86V96, Q99629
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	December 15, 1998
	Last sequence update:	November 2, 2010
	Last modified:	June 20, 2018
	This is version 172 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

Human chromosome 2
Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

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UniProtKB - Q99743 (NPAS2_HUMAN)

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Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>This subsection of the ‘Function’ section describes an enzyme regulatory mechanism and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction.<p><a href='/help/enzyme_regulation' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Enzyme regulationi

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Nucleus

Cytosol

Nucleus

Other locations

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

Region

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

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Functionⁱ

Enzyme regulationⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ