Indian hedgehog protein

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• calcium ion binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• patched binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptidase activity Source: UniProtKB-KW

GO - Biological processⁱ

• bone resorption Source: Ensembl
• branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment Source: Ensembl
• cartilage development Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "ALK2 functions as a BMP type I receptor and induces Indian hedgehog in chondrocytes during skeletal development."
    Zhang D., Schwarz E.M., Rosier R.N., Zuscik M.J., Puzas J.E., O'Keefe R.J.
    J Bone Miner Res 18:1593-1604(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell signaling Source: InterPro
• cell fate specification Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell maturation Source: Ensembl
• chondroblast differentiation Source: AgBase <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Hedgehog proteins stimulate chondrogenic cell differentiation and cartilage formation."
    Enomoto-Iwamoto M., Nakamura T., Aikawa T., Higuchi Y., Yuasa T., Yamaguchi A., Nohno T., Noji S., Matsuya T., Kurisu K., Koyama E., Pacifici M., Iwamoto M.
    J Bone Miner Res 15:1659-1668(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• chondrocyte proliferation Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Indian hedgehog and syndecans-3 coregulate chondrocyte proliferation and function during chick limb skeletogenesis."
    Shimo T., Gentili C., Iwamoto M., Wu C., Koyama E., Pacifici M.
    Dev Dyn 229:607-617(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• embryonic digit morphogenesis Source: AgBase
• embryonic pattern specification Source: Ensembl
• embryonic skeletal joint development Source: Ensembl
• epithelial cell-cell adhesion Source: Ensembl
• epithelial cell morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• head morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• heart looping Source: Ensembl
• multicellular organism growth Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A mutation in Ihh that causes digit abnormalities alters its signalling capacity and range."
    Gao B., Hu J., Stricker S., Cheung M., Ma G., Law K.F., Witte F., Briscoe J., Mundlos S., He L., Cheah K.S., Chan D.
    Nature 458:1196-1200(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The Ihh signal is essential for regulating proliferation and hypertrophy of cultured chicken chondrocytes."
    Ma R.S., Zhou Z.L., Luo J.W., Zhang H., Hou J.F.
    Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 166:117-122(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of eye pigmentation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus Source: Ensembl
• neuron development Source: Ensembl
• osteoblast differentiation Source: Ensembl
• pancreas development Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity Source: AgBase <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of osteogenic differentiation by hedgehog proteins."
    Nakamura T., Aikawa T., Iwamoto-Enomoto M., Iwamoto M., Higuchi Y., Pacifici M., Kinto N., Yamaguchi A., Noji S., Kurisu K., Matsuya T., Maurizio P.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 237:465-469(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Hedgehog proteins stimulate chondrogenic cell differentiation and cartilage formation."
    Enomoto-Iwamoto M., Nakamura T., Aikawa T., Higuchi Y., Yuasa T., Yamaguchi A., Nohno T., Noji S., Matsuya T., Kurisu K., Koyama E., Pacifici M., Iwamoto M.
    J Bone Miner Res 15:1659-1668(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A mutation in Ihh that causes digit abnormalities alters its signalling capacity and range."
    Gao B., Hu J., Stricker S., Cheung M., Ma G., Law K.F., Witte F., Briscoe J., Mundlos S., He L., Cheah K.S., Chan D.
    Nature 458:1196-1200(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The Ihh signal is essential for regulating proliferation and hypertrophy of cultured chicken chondrocytes."
    Ma R.S., Zhou Z.L., Luo J.W., Zhang H., Hou J.F.
    Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 166:117-122(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation Source: AgBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of osteogenic differentiation by hedgehog proteins."
    Nakamura T., Aikawa T., Iwamoto-Enomoto M., Iwamoto M., Higuchi Y., Pacifici M., Kinto N., Yamaguchi A., Noji S., Kurisu K., Matsuya T., Maurizio P.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 237:465-469(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: Ensembl
• protein autoprocessing Source: InterPro
• proteoglycan biosynthetic process Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Hedgehog proteins stimulate chondrogenic cell differentiation and cartilage formation."
    Enomoto-Iwamoto M., Nakamura T., Aikawa T., Higuchi Y., Yuasa T., Yamaguchi A., Nohno T., Noji S., Matsuya T., Kurisu K., Koyama E., Pacifici M., Iwamoto M.
    J Bone Miner Res 15:1659-1668(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Regulation of rate of cartilage differentiation by Indian hedgehog and PTH-related protein."
    Vortkamp A., Lee K., Lanske B., Segre G.V., Kronenberg H.M., Tabin C.J.
    Science 273:613-622(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• regulation of gene expression Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The Ihh signal is essential for regulating proliferation and hypertrophy of cultured chicken chondrocytes."
    Ma R.S., Zhou Z.L., Luo J.W., Zhang H., Hou J.F.
    Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 166:117-122(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The Ihh signal is essential for regulating proliferation and hypertrophy of cultured chicken chondrocytes."
    Ma R.S., Zhou Z.L., Luo J.W., Zhang H., Hou J.F.
    Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 166:117-122(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retinal pigment epithelium development Source: Ensembl
• smoothened signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• smooth muscle tissue development Source: Ensembl
• somite development Source: Ensembl
• vitelline membrane formation Source: Ensembl

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• patched binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MKPARLLLLL SGCALLLAPA VRCCGPGRVV GSRRRPPRKL IPLAYKQFSP 
        60         70         80         90        100
NVPEKTLGAS GRYEGKIARN SERFKELTPN YNPDIIFKDE ENTGADRLMT 
       110        120        130        140        150
QRCKDRLNSL AISVMNQWPG VKLRVTEGWD EDGHHSEESL HYEGRAVDIT 
       160        170        180        190        200
TSDRDRNKYG MLARLAVEAG FDWVYYESKA HIHCSVKSEH SAAAKTGGCF 
       210        220        230        240        250
PGRALATLEN GARTPLWALR PGQRVLAMDG AGRPTYSDFL AFLDKEPRAL 
       260        270        280        290        300
TAFHVIETRQ PPRRLALTPT HLLFVADNAS APAAQFRPTF ASHVQPGHFV 
       310        320        330        340        350
LVAVGSGGLQ PAEVVGVRGR TDVGAYAPLT RHGTLVVDDV VASCFALVRE 
       360        370        380        390        400
QQLAQMAFWP LRLYHSLLGG PGVQGDGVHW YSGLLYRLGR MLLPPDSFHP 

LGAPRAES                                               

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Protein family/group databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families