UniProtKB - Q96KK5 (H2A1H_HUMAN)
Protein
Histone H2A type 1-H
Gene
H2AC12
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Functioni
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
GO - Molecular functioni
- DNA binding Source: GO_Central
- protein heterodimerization activity Source: InterPro
GO - Biological processi
- chromatin silencing Source: GO_Central
Keywordsi
Molecular function | DNA-binding |
Enzyme and pathway databases
PathwayCommonsi | Q96KK5 |
Reactomei | R-HSA-3214815, HDACs deacetylate histones R-HSA-3214847, HATs acetylate histones R-HSA-3214858, RMTs methylate histone arginines R-HSA-5689603, UCH proteinases R-HSA-5689880, Ub-specific processing proteases R-HSA-5689901, Metalloprotease DUBs R-HSA-9609690, HCMV Early Events R-HSA-9610379, HCMV Late Events |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Histone H2A type 1-HAlternative name(s): H2A-clustered histone 12Imported Histone H2A/s |
Gene namesi | |
Organismi | Homo sapiens (Human) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 9606 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
HGNCi | HGNC:13671, H2AC12 |
MIMi | 615013, gene |
neXtProti | NX_Q96KK5 |
VEuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000274997.1 |
Subcellular locationi
Nucleus
Other locations
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular exosome Source: UniProtKB
Nucleus
- nucleus Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Other locations
- nucleosome Source: UniProtKB-KW
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Chromosome, Nucleosome core, NucleusPathology & Biotechi
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 2 | S → A: Blocks the inhibition of transcription by RPS6KA5/MSK1. 1 Publication | 1 |
Organism-specific databases
DisGeNETi | 85235 |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000274997 |
PharmGKBi | PA134913416 |
Miscellaneous databases
Pharosi | Q96KK5, Tbio |
Genetic variation databases
BioMutai | HIST1H2AH |
DMDMi | 74751984 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initiator methioninei | Removed1 Publication | |||
ChainiPRO_0000230200 | 2 – 128 | Histone H2A type 1-HAdd BLAST | 127 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 2 | N-acetylserine1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 2 | Phosphoserine; by RPS6KA51 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 4 | Citrulline; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 4 | Symmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT5; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 6 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 10 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 10 | N6-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 10 | N6-lactoyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 10 | N6-succinyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 14 | N6-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Cross-linki | 14 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternate2 Publications | ||
Cross-linki | 16 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin)2 Publications | ||
Modified residuei | 37 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 37 | N6-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 37 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 75 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 76 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 96 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 96 | N6-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 96 | N6-glutaryllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 96 | N6-succinyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 100 | N6-glutaryllysine1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 105 | N5-methylglutamine1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 119 | N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 119 | N6-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 119 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 119 | N6-glutaryllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 120 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 120 | N6-glutaryllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Cross-linki | 120 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternate4 Publications | ||
Modified residuei | 121 | Phosphothreonine; by DCAF12 Publications | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 126 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 126 | N6-glutaryllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Deiminated on Arg-4 in granulocytes upon calcium entry.1 Publication
Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AK119Ub) by RING1, TRIM37 and RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression and participates in X chromosome inactivation of female mammals. It is involved in the initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation. Ubiquitinated H2A is enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Ubiquitination of H2A functions downstream of methylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). H2AK119Ub by RNF2/RING2 can also be induced by ultraviolet and may be involved in DNA repair. Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AK119Ub) by TRIM37 may promote transformation of cells in a number of breast cancers (PubMed:25470042). Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 ligase UBE2N and the E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168, leading to the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. Ubiquitination at Lys-14 and Lys-16 (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub, respectively) in response to DNA damage is initiated by RNF168 that mediates monoubiquitination at these 2 sites, and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin are then conjugated to monoubiquitin; RNF8 is able to extend 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains in vitro. Deubiquitinated by USP51 at Lys-14 and Lys-16 (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub, respectively) after damaged DNA is repaired (PubMed:27083998). H2AK119Ub and ionizing radiation-induced 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub) are distinct events.12 Publications
Phosphorylation on Ser-2 (H2AS1ph) is enhanced during mitosis. Phosphorylation on Ser-2 by RPS6KA5/MSK1 directly represses transcription. Acetylation of H3 inhibits Ser-2 phosphorylation by RPS6KA5/MSK1. Phosphorylation at Thr-121 (H2AT120ph) by DCAF1 is present in the regulatory region of many tumor suppresor genes and down-regulates their transcription.4 Publications
Glutamine methylation at Gln-105 (H2AQ104me) by FBL is specifically dedicated to polymerase I. It is present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus and impairs binding of the FACT complex (PubMed:24352239).1 Publication
Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage.By similarity
Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.1 Publication
Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.By similarity
Keywords - PTMi
Acetylation, Citrullination, Hydroxylation, Isopeptide bond, Methylation, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugationProteomic databases
jPOSTi | Q96KK5 |
MassIVEi | Q96KK5 |
MaxQBi | Q96KK5 |
PaxDbi | Q96KK5 |
PeptideAtlasi | Q96KK5 |
PRIDEi | Q96KK5 |
ProteomicsDBi | 77082 |
TopDownProteomicsi | Q96KK5 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | Q96KK5 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q96KK5 |
SwissPalmi | Q96KK5 |
Expressioni
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000274997, Expressed in stomach and 85 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | Q96KK5, baseline and differential |
Organism-specific databases
HPAi | ENSG00000274997, Tissue enriched (lymphoid) |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
GO - Molecular functioni
- protein heterodimerization activity Source: InterPro
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 124438, 62 interactors |
DIPi | DIP-61699N |
IntActi | Q96KK5, 54 interactors |
MINTi | Q96KK5 |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000366679 |
Miscellaneous databases
RNActi | Q96KK5, protein |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the histone H2A family.Curated
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1756, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000153125 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_062828_3_3_1 |
InParanoidi | Q96KK5 |
OMAi | IMESSGK |
OrthoDBi | 1504122at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q96KK5 |
TreeFami | TF300137 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00074, H2A, 1 hit |
Gene3Di | 1.10.20.10, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009072, Histone-fold IPR002119, Histone_H2A IPR007125, Histone_H2A/H2B/H3 IPR032454, Histone_H2A_C IPR032458, Histone_H2A_CS |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00125, Histone, 1 hit PF16211, Histone_H2A_C, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00620, HISTONEH2A |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00414, H2A, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF47113, SSF47113, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00046, HISTONE_H2A, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
Q96KK5-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MSGRGKQGGK ARAKAKTRSS RAGLQFPVGR VHRLLRKGNY AERVGAGAPV
60 70 80 90 100
YLAAVLEYLT AEILELAGNA ARDNKKTRII PRHLQLAIRN DEELNKLLGK
110 120
VTIAQGGVLP NIQAVLLPKK TESHHKAK
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AY131988 Genomic DNA Translation: AAN59969.1 AL021807 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC093851 mRNA Translation: AAH93851.1 BC093849 mRNA Translation: AAH93849.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS4622.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_542163.1, NM_080596.2 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000377459; ENSP00000366679; ENSG00000274997 |
GeneIDi | 85235 |
KEGGi | hsa:85235 |
UCSCi | uc003niz.5, human |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AY131988 Genomic DNA Translation: AAN59969.1 AL021807 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC093851 mRNA Translation: AAH93851.1 BC093849 mRNA Translation: AAH93849.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS4622.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_542163.1, NM_080596.2 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | Q96KK5 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 124438, 62 interactors |
DIPi | DIP-61699N |
IntActi | Q96KK5, 54 interactors |
MINTi | Q96KK5 |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000366679 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | Q96KK5 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q96KK5 |
SwissPalmi | Q96KK5 |
Genetic variation databases
BioMutai | HIST1H2AH |
DMDMi | 74751984 |
Proteomic databases
jPOSTi | Q96KK5 |
MassIVEi | Q96KK5 |
MaxQBi | Q96KK5 |
PaxDbi | Q96KK5 |
PeptideAtlasi | Q96KK5 |
PRIDEi | Q96KK5 |
ProteomicsDBi | 77082 |
TopDownProteomicsi | Q96KK5 |
Protocols and materials databases
Antibodypediai | 72981, 119 antibodies |
DNASUi | 85235 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000377459; ENSP00000366679; ENSG00000274997 |
GeneIDi | 85235 |
KEGGi | hsa:85235 |
UCSCi | uc003niz.5, human |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 85235 |
DisGeNETi | 85235 |
GeneCardsi | H2AC12 |
HGNCi | HGNC:13671, H2AC12 |
HPAi | ENSG00000274997, Tissue enriched (lymphoid) |
MIMi | 615013, gene |
neXtProti | NX_Q96KK5 |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000274997 |
PharmGKBi | PA134913416 |
VEuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000274997.1 |
GenAtlasi | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1756, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000153125 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_062828_3_3_1 |
InParanoidi | Q96KK5 |
OMAi | IMESSGK |
OrthoDBi | 1504122at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q96KK5 |
TreeFami | TF300137 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
PathwayCommonsi | Q96KK5 |
Reactomei | R-HSA-3214815, HDACs deacetylate histones R-HSA-3214847, HATs acetylate histones R-HSA-3214858, RMTs methylate histone arginines R-HSA-5689603, UCH proteinases R-HSA-5689880, Ub-specific processing proteases R-HSA-5689901, Metalloprotease DUBs R-HSA-9609690, HCMV Early Events R-HSA-9610379, HCMV Late Events |
Miscellaneous databases
BioGRID-ORCSi | 85235, 440 hits in 944 CRISPR screens |
ChiTaRSi | HIST1H2AH, human |
GeneWikii | HIST1H2AH |
GenomeRNAii | 85235 |
Pharosi | Q96KK5, Tbio |
PROi | PR:Q96KK5 |
RNActi | Q96KK5, protein |
SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000274997, Expressed in stomach and 85 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | Q96KK5, baseline and differential |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00074, H2A, 1 hit |
Gene3Di | 1.10.20.10, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009072, Histone-fold IPR002119, Histone_H2A IPR007125, Histone_H2A/H2B/H3 IPR032454, Histone_H2A_C IPR032458, Histone_H2A_CS |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00125, Histone, 1 hit PF16211, Histone_H2A_C, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00620, HISTONEH2A |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00414, H2A, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF47113, SSF47113, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00046, HISTONE_H2A, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | H2A1H_HUMAN | |
Accessioni | Q96KK5Primary (citable) accession number: Q96KK5 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 4, 2006 |
Last sequence update: | January 23, 2007 | |
Last modified: | April 7, 2021 | |
This is version 158 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | |
Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- Human chromosome 6
Human chromosome 6: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM - MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families