Mitofusin-2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

• GTP

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  + H₂O

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  = GDP

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  + H⁺

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  + phosphate

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  Source: Rhea

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  GTP

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  +

  H₂O

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  =

  GDP

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  +

  H⁺

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  +

  phosphate

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Sites

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• GTPase activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• GTPase binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Two mitofusin proteins, mammalian homologues of FZO, with distinct functions are both required for mitochondrial fusion."
    Eura Y., Ishihara N., Yokota S., Mihara K.
    J. Biochem. 134:333-344(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MULTIMERIZATION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-109.
• GTP binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Dysregulation of HSG triggers vascular proliferative disorders."
    Chen K.-H., Guo X., Ma D., Guo Y., Li Q., Yang D., Li P., Qiu X., Wen S., Xiao R.-P., Tang J.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 6:872-883(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• identical protein binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Two mitofusin proteins, mammalian homologues of FZO, with distinct functions are both required for mitochondrial fusion."
    Eura Y., Ishihara N., Yokota S., Mihara K.
    J. Biochem. 134:333-344(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MULTIMERIZATION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-109.
• proteoglycan binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Agrin requires specific proteins to selectively activate gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons for pain suppression."
    Erasso D., Tender G., Levitt R.C., Cui J.G.
    Exp Neurol 261:646-653(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• Ras GTPase binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy."
    Mi X., Tang W., Chen X., Liu F., Tang X.
    J Mol Endocrinol 57:233-249(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGD

GO - Biological processⁱ

• apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
• blastocyst formation Source: RGD
• camera-type eye morphogenesis Source: RGD
• cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Glucocorticoid modulation of mitochondrial function in hepatoma cells requires the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1."
    Hernandez-Alvarez M.I., Paz J.C., Sebastian D., Munoz J.P., Liesa M., Segales J., Palacin M., Zorzano A.
    Antioxid Redox Signal 19:366-378(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Calcium sensing receptor protects high glucose-induced energy metabolism disorder via blocking gp78-ubiquitin proteasome pathway."
    Wang Y., Gao P., Wei C., Li H., Zhang L., Zhao Y., Wu B., Tian Y., Zhang W., Wu L., Wang R., Xu C.
    Cell Death Dis 8:e2799-e2799(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to hypoxia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by promoting mitofusin-2-mediated mitochondrial fusion."
    Zhu T.T., Zhang W.F., Luo P., He F., Ge X.Y., Zhang Z., Hu C.P.
    Eur J Pharmacol 809:42-51(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to ionizing radiation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Low-dose ionizing radiation induces mitochondrial fusion and increases expression of mitochondrial complexes I and III in hippocampal neurons."
    Chien L., Chen W.K., Liu S.T., Chang C.R., Kao M.C., Chen K.W., Chiu S.C., Hsu M.L., Hsiang I.C., Chen Y.J., Chen L.
    Oncotarget 6:30628-30639(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to L-glutamate Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons."
    Wang W., Zhang F., Li L., Tang F., Siedlak S.L., Fujioka H., Liu Y., Su B., Pi Y., Wang X.
    J Biol Chem 290:168-182(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Testosterone suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition and proliferation]."
    Zhou W., Liu W., Liao H., Cao Z., Xie H., Zhang S., Chen M.
    Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 31:775-778(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to manganese ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Downregulation of Mfn2 participates in manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat striatum and PC12 cells."
    Liu X., Yang J., Lu C., Jiang S., Nie X., Han J., Yin L., Jiang J.
    Neurochem Int 108:40-51(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to mercaptoethanol Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Dynamin-related protein inhibitor downregulates reactive oxygen species levels to indirectly suppress high glucose-induced hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells."
    Maimaitijiang A., Zhuang X., Jiang X., Li Y.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 471:474-478(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Mitochondrial dynamics associated with oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat primary neuronal cultures."
    Wappler E.A., Institoris A., Dutta S., Katakam P.V., Busija D.W.
    PLoS One 8:e63206-e63206(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to testosterone stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Testosterone suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition and proliferation]."
    Zhou W., Liu W., Liao H., Cao Z., Xie H., Zhang S., Chen M.
    Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 31:775-778(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intracellular distribution of mitochondria Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Impaired balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in Alzheimer's disease."
    Wang X., Su B., Lee H.G., Li X., Perry G., Smith M.A., Zhu X.
    J Neurosci 29:9090-9103(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• male gonad development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • Ref.4

    "Stage-specific enhanced expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission factors during spermatogenesis in rat testis."
    Honda S., Hirose S.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 311:424-432(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mfn2 downregulation in excitotoxicity causes mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal death."
    Martorell-Riera A., Segarra-Mondejar M., Munoz J.P., Ginet V., Olloquequi J., Perez-Clausell J., Palacin M., Reina M., Puyal J., Zorzano A., Soriano F.X.
    EMBO J 33:2388-2407(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mitochondrial fusion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Two mitofusin proteins, mammalian homologues of FZO, with distinct functions are both required for mitochondrial fusion."
    Eura Y., Ishihara N., Yokota S., Mihara K.
    J. Biochem. 134:333-344(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MULTIMERIZATION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-109.
• mitochondrial membrane organization Source: UniProtKB
• mitochondrion localization Source: RGD
• mitochondrion morphogenesis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Impaired balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in Alzheimer's disease."
    Wang X., Su B., Lee H.G., Li X., Perry G., Smith M.A., Zhu X.
    J Neurosci 29:9090-9103(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mitochondrion organization Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Changes in mitochondrial dynamics during ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte early apoptosis."
    Parra V., Eisner V., Chiong M., Criollo A., Moraga F., Garcia A., Hartel S., Jaimovich E., Zorzano A., Hidalgo C., Lavandero S.
    Cardiovasc Res 77:387-397(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mitotic cell cycle Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Mitofusin-2-mediated tethering of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum promotes cell cycle arrest of vascular smooth muscle cells in G0/G1 phase."
    Li D., Li X., Guan Y., Guo X.
    Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:441-450(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mitotic cell cycle arrest Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Dysregulation of HSG triggers vascular proliferative disorders."
    Chen K.-H., Guo X., Ma D., Guo Y., Li Q., Yang D., Li P., Qiu X., Wen S., Xiao R.-P., Tang J.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 6:872-883(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis: Role of mitofusin 2."
    Tang H., Tao A., Song J., Liu Q., Wang H., Rui T.
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 88:55-59(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell cycle Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Overexpression of mitofusin 2 inhibits reactive astrogliosis proliferation in vitro."
    Liu T., Xue C.C., Shi Y.L., Bai X.J., Li Z.F., Yi C.L.
    Neurosci Lett 579:24-29(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell death Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 Downregulation Triggers Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Imbalance in Rats With Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Via the PI3K/Akt and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathways."
    Fang X., Chen X., Zhong G., Chen Q., Hu C.
    J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 67:164-174(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Dysregulation of HSG triggers vascular proliferative disorders."
    Chen K.-H., Guo X., Ma D., Guo Y., Li Q., Yang D., Li P., Qiu X., Wen S., Xiao R.-P., Tang J.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 6:872-883(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• negative regulation of cell size Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "miR-106a promotes cardiac hypertrophy by targeting mitofusin 2."
    Guan X., Wang L., Liu Z., Guo X., Jiang Y., Lu Y., Peng Y., Liu T., Yang B., Shan H., Zhang Y., Xu C.
    J Mol Cell Cardiol 99:207-217(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of glial cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Overexpression of mitofusin 2 inhibits reactive astrogliosis proliferation in vitro."
    Liu T., Xue C.C., Shi Y.L., Bai X.J., Li Z.F., Yi C.L.
    Neurosci Lett 579:24-29(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of mitochondrial fission Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by promoting mitofusin-2-mediated mitochondrial fusion."
    Zhu T.T., Zhang W.F., Luo P., He F., Ge X.Y., Zhang Z., Hu C.P.
    Eur J Pharmacol 809:42-51(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neuron death Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mfn2 downregulation in excitotoxicity causes mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal death."
    Martorell-Riera A., Segarra-Mondejar M., Munoz J.P., Ginet V., Olloquequi J., Perez-Clausell J., Palacin M., Reina M., Puyal J., Zorzano A., Soriano F.X.
    EMBO J 33:2388-2407(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction Source: RGD
• negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis: Role of mitofusin 2."
    Tang H., Tao A., Song J., Liu Q., Wang H., Rui T.
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 88:55-59(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Changes in mitochondrial dynamics during ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte early apoptosis."
    Parra V., Eisner V., Chiong M., Criollo A., Moraga F., Garcia A., Hartel S., Jaimovich E., Zorzano A., Hidalgo C., Lavandero S.
    Cardiovasc Res 77:387-397(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of sarcomere organization Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitochondrial fission is required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mediated by a Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway."
    Pennanen C., Parra V., Lopez-Crisosto C., Morales P.E., Del Campo A., Gutierrez T., Rivera-Mejias P., Kuzmicic J., Chiong M., Zorzano A., Rothermel B.A., Lavandero S.
    J Cell Sci 127:2659-2671(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Dysregulation of HSG triggers vascular proliferative disorders."
    Chen K.-H., Guo X., Ma D., Guo Y., Li Q., Yang D., Li P., Qiu X., Wen S., Xiao R.-P., Tang J.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 6:872-883(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by promoting mitofusin-2-mediated mitochondrial fusion."
    Zhu T.T., Zhang W.F., Luo P., He F., Ge X.Y., Zhang Z., Hu C.P.
    Eur J Pharmacol 809:42-51(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization Source: RGD
• positive regulation of cellular respiration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mfn2 downregulation in excitotoxicity causes mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal death."
    Martorell-Riera A., Segarra-Mondejar M., Munoz J.P., Ginet V., Olloquequi J., Perez-Clausell J., Palacin M., Reina M., Puyal J., Zorzano A., Soriano F.X.
    EMBO J 33:2388-2407(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of chromatin binding Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy."
    Mi X., Tang W., Chen X., Liu F., Tang X.
    J Mol Endocrinol 57:233-249(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Source: YuBioLab <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity<br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Mfn2 deletion in brown adipose tissue protects from insulin resistance and impairs thermogenesis."
    Mahdaviani K., Benador I.Y., Su S., Gharakhanian R.A., Stiles L., Trudeau K.M., Cardamone M., Enriquez-Zarralanga V., Ritou E., Aprahamian T., Oliveira M.F., Corkey B.E., Perissi V., Liesa M., Shirihai O.S.
    EMBO Rep 18:1123-1138(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Impaired balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in Alzheimer's disease."
    Wang X., Su B., Lee H.G., Li X., Perry G., Smith M.A., Zhu X.
    J Neurosci 29:9090-9103(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of estradiol secretion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Lentivirus vector-mediated mitofusin-2 overexpression in rat ovary changes endocrine function and promotes follicular development in vivo."
    Hu X., Lei X., Wang J., Pan H., Li C., Yao Z.
    Exp Ther Med 8:731-736(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy."
    Mi X., Tang W., Chen X., Liu F., Tang X.
    J Mol Endocrinol 57:233-249(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of glucose import Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 deficiency leads to oxidative stress that contributes to insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells."
    Nie Q., Wang C., Song G., Ma H., Kong D., Zhang X., Gan K., Tang Y.
    Mol Biol Rep 41:6975-6983(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy."
    Mi X., Tang W., Chen X., Liu F., Tang X.
    J Mol Endocrinol 57:233-249(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 deficiency leads to oxidative stress that contributes to insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells."
    Nie Q., Wang C., Song G., Ma H., Kong D., Zhang X., Gan K., Tang Y.
    Mol Biol Rep 41:6975-6983(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Changes in mitochondrial dynamics during ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte early apoptosis."
    Parra V., Eisner V., Chiong M., Criollo A., Moraga F., Garcia A., Hartel S., Jaimovich E., Zorzano A., Hidalgo C., Lavandero S.
    Cardiovasc Res 77:387-397(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of ovarian follicle development Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Lentivirus vector-mediated mitofusin-2 overexpression in rat ovary changes endocrine function and promotes follicular development in vivo."
    Hu X., Lei X., Wang J., Pan H., Li C., Yao Z.
    Exp Ther Med 8:731-736(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of progesterone secretion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Lentivirus vector-mediated mitofusin-2 overexpression in rat ovary changes endocrine function and promotes follicular development in vivo."
    Hu X., Lei X., Wang J., Pan H., Li C., Yao Z.
    Exp Ther Med 8:731-736(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy."
    Mi X., Tang W., Chen X., Liu F., Tang X.
    J Mol Endocrinol 57:233-249(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process Source: RGD
• positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: RGD
• protein localization to phagophore assembly site Source: RGD
• protein targeting to mitochondrion Source: UniProtKB
• response to axon injury Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Adaptive plasticity of autophagic proteins to denervation in aging skeletal muscle."
    O'Leary M.F., Vainshtein A., Iqbal S., Ostojic O., Hood D.A.
    Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 304:C422-30(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to cadmium ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Glutathione and mitochondria determine acute defense responses and adaptive processes in cadmium-induced oxidative stress and toxicity of the kidney."
    Nair A.R., Lee W.K., Smeets K., Swennen Q., Sanchez A., Thevenod F., Cuypers A.
    Arch Toxicol 89:2273-2289(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to calcium ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Calcium-induced alteration of mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in rat brown adipocytes."
    Golic I., Velickovic K., Markelic M., Stancic A., Jankovic A., Vucetic M., Otasevic V., Buzadzic B., Korac B., Korac A.
    Eur J Histochem 58:2377-2377(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to D-galactose Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Swimming attenuates d-galactose-induced brain aging via suppressing miR-34a-mediated autophagy impairment and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics."
    Kou X., Li J., Liu X., Chang J., Zhao Q., Jia S., Fan J., Chen N.
    J Appl Physiol (1985) 122:1462-1469(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to electrical stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of electrical stimulation-induced resistance exercise on mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins in rat skeletal muscle."
    Kitaoka Y., Ogasawara R., Tamura Y., Fujita S., Hatta H.
    Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 40:1137-1142(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to fatty acid Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 deficiency leads to oxidative stress that contributes to insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells."
    Nie Q., Wang C., Song G., Ma H., Kong D., Zhang X., Gan K., Tang Y.
    Mol Biol Rep 41:6975-6983(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to flavonoid Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Dihydromyricetin improves physical performance under simulated high altitude."
    Zou D., Chen K., Liu P., Chang H., Zhu J., Mi M.
    Med Sci Sports Exerc 46:2077-2084(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hypobaric hypoxia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Dihydromyricetin improves physical performance under simulated high altitude."
    Zou D., Chen K., Liu P., Chang H., Zhu J., Mi M.
    Med Sci Sports Exerc 46:2077-2084(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to L-arginine Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Early energy metabolism-related molecular events in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats: The effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic."
    Stancic A., Filipovic M., Ivanovic-Burmazovic I., Masovic S., Jankovic A., Otasevic V., Korac A., Buzadzic B., Korac B.
    Chem Biol Interact 272:188-196(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to muscle activity Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Response of mitochondrial fusion and fission protein gene expression to exercise in rat skeletal muscle."
    Ding H., Jiang N., Liu H., Liu X., Liu D., Zhao F., Wen L., Liu S., Ji L.L., Zhang Y.
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1800:250-256(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to nutrient levels Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "In utero exposure to prepregnancy maternal obesity and postweaning high-fat diet impair regulators of mitochondrial dynamics in rat placenta and offspring."
    Borengasser S.J., Faske J., Kang P., Blackburn M.L., Badger T.M., Shankar K.
    Physiol Genomics 46:841-850(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to testosterone Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Testosterone replacement attenuates mitochondrial damage in a rat model of myocardial infarction."
    Wang F., Yang J., Sun J., Dong Y., Zhao H., Shi H., Fu L.
    J Endocrinol 225:101-111(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to unfolded protein Source: UniProtKB-KW
• spermatogenesis Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • Ref.4

    "Stage-specific enhanced expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission factors during spermatogenesis in rat testis."
    Honda S., Hirose S.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 311:424-432(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• GTPase binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Two mitofusin proteins, mammalian homologues of FZO, with distinct functions are both required for mitochondrial fusion."
    Eura Y., Ishihara N., Yokota S., Mihara K.
    J. Biochem. 134:333-344(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MULTIMERIZATION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-109.
• identical protein binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Two mitofusin proteins, mammalian homologues of FZO, with distinct functions are both required for mitochondrial fusion."
    Eura Y., Ishihara N., Yokota S., Mihara K.
    J. Biochem. 134:333-344(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MULTIMERIZATION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-109.
• proteoglycan binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Agrin requires specific proteins to selectively activate gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons for pain suppression."
    Erasso D., Tender G., Levitt R.C., Cui J.G.
    Exp Neurol 261:646-653(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• Ras GTPase binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy."
    Mi X., Tang W., Chen X., Liu F., Tang X.
    J Mol Endocrinol 57:233-249(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGD

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Coiled coil

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MSLLFSRCNS IVTVKKDKRH MAEVNASPLK HFVTAKKKIN GIFEQLGAYI 
        60         70         80         90        100
QESAGFLEDT HRNTELDPVT TEEQVLDVKG YLSKVRGISE VLARRHMKVA 
       110        120        130        140        150
FFGRTSNGKS TVINAMLWDK VLPSGIGHTT NCFLRVGGTD GHEAFLLTEG 
       160        170        180        190        200
SEEKKSVKTV NQLAHALHQD EQLHAGSLVS VMWPNSKCPL LKDGLVLMDS 
       210        220        230        240        250
PGIDVTTELD SWIDKFCLDA DVFVLVANSE STLMQTEKQF FHKVSERLSR 
       260        270        280        290        300
PNIFILNNRW DASASEPEYM EEVRRQHMER CTSFLVDELG VVDRAQAGDR 
       310        320        330        340        350
IFFVSAKEVL SARVQKAQGM PEGGGALAEG FQVRMFEFQN FERRFEECIS 
       360        370        380        390        400
QSAVKTKFEQ HTVRAKQIAE AVRLIMDSLH IAAQEQRVYC LEMREERQDR 
       410        420        430        440        450
LRFIDKQLEL LAQDYKLRIK QMTEEVERQV STAMAEEIRR LSVLVDEYQM 
       460        470        480        490        500
DFHPSPVVLK VYKNELHRHI EEGLGRNMSD RCSTAIASSL QTMQQDMIDG 
       510        520        530        540        550
LKPLLPVSVR NQIDMLVPRQ CFSLSYDLNC DKLCADFQED IEFHFSLGWT 
       560        570        580        590        600
MLVNRFLGPK NSRRALLGYN DQVQRPLPLT PANPSMPPLP QGSLTQEELM 
       610        620        630        640        650
VSMVTGLASL TSRTSMGILV VGGVVWKAVG WRLIALSFGL YGLLYVYERL 
       660        670        680        690        700
TWTTRAKERA FKRQFVEYAS EKLQLIISYT GSNCSHQVQQ ELSGTFAHLC 
       710        720        730        740        750
QQVDITRDNL EQEIAAMNKK VEALDSLQSK AKLLRNKAGW LDSELNMFIH 

QYLQPSR                                                

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families