MT-RNR2

Functionⁱ

Plays a role as a neuroprotective factor. Protects against death induced by multiple different familial Alzheimer disease genes and amyloid-beta proteins in Alzheimer disease. Suppresses apoptosis by binding to BAX and preventing the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria. Binds to IGFBP3 and specifically blocks IGFBP3-induced cell death Induces chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes via FPR2. Reduces the aggregation and fibrillary formation by suppressing the effect of APP on mononuclear phagocytes and acts by competitively inhibiting the access of FPRL1 to APP.5 Publications

Caution

The humanin peptide described here has been shown to be biologically active but is the product of a mitochondrial gene, MT-RNR2 (PubMed:12009529). If translation of the mRNA occurs in the mitochondrion rather than in the cytoplasm, then the usage of the mitochondrial genetic code would lead to the production of a shorter peptide lacking the last three C-terminal residues. The mechanisms allowing the production and the secretion of humanin remaining unclear, the possibility exist that the physiologically active humanin peptide is encoded by one of the related genes present in the nuclear genome (PubMed:19477263).2 Publications

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

receptor antagonist activity
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15153530
signaling receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 15661737

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
cellular iron ion homeostasis
Source: UniProtKB
Non-traceable author statementⁱ
- 15567815
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
leukocyte chemotaxis
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15153530
negative regulation of apoptotic process
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Biological process	Apoptosis

Biological process

Apoptosis

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-444473 Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-444473 Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: HumaninCurated Alternative name(s): Humanin mitochondrial1 Publication Short name: HNM1 Publication
Gene namesⁱ	Name:MT-RNR2Imported Synonyms:HN1 Publication
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Unplaced

Organism-specific databases

Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:7471 MT-RNR2
MIMⁱ	606120 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q8IVG9

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm, Secreted

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	1 – 6	Missing : No effect on binding to BAX. 1 Publication	6
Mutagenesisⁱ	1 – 3	Missing : Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	3
Mutagenesisⁱ	1 – 2	Missing : No effect on neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	2
Mutagenesisⁱ	3	P → A: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	4 – 6	RGF → AGA: Potentiates neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	3
Mutagenesisⁱ	6	F → A: Abolishes binding to IGFBP3. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	8	C → A, D, E, F, G, I, L, M, N, Q, S, T, V, W or Y: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	8	C → H: Significantly reduces the neuroprotective activity. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	8	C → K or R: No effect on the neuroprotective activity. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	8	C → P: Abolishes neuroprotective activity and interaction with BAX. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	9	L → A: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	9	L → R: Abolishes binding to BAX. 2 Publications	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	12	L → A: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	13	T → A: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	14	S → A: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	14	S → G: Potentiates neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	19 – 24	Missing : Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	6
Mutagenesisⁱ	19	P → A: Abolishes neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	20 – 24	Missing : No effect on neuroprotective activity. 1 Publication	5

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	4550
Orphanetⁱ	155 NON RARE IN EUROPE: Familial isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000044146	1 – 24	HumaninAdd BLAST		24

Proteomic databases

PRIDEⁱ	Q8IVG9
ProteomicsDBⁱ	70704

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q8IVG9
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q8IVG9

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Expressed in the heart, skeletal muscles, kidney and liver. Lesser but significant expression is observed in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Expressed in the AD brain, where it is found in some of the large intact neurons of the occipital lobes and small and round reactive glial cells in the hippocampus.3 Publications

Inductionⁱ

Release is regulated by intracellular mechanism. The intracellular level is regulated by TRIM11 through proteasome-mediated degradation.1 Publication

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Interacts with BAX, IGFBP3 and TRIM11.3 Publications

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

receptor antagonist activity
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15153530
signaling receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 15661737

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	Q8IVG9

MINTⁱ

Q8IVG9

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Helixⁱ	4 – 15	Combined sources		12
Beta strandⁱ	18 – 21	Combined sources		4

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q8IVG9
SMRⁱ	Q8IVG9
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	Q8IVG9

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

Q8IVG9

Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Regionⁱ	3 – 19	Sufficient for neuroprotective activityAdd BLAST		17

Compositional bias

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Compositional biasⁱ	9 – 12	Poly-Leu		4

Domainⁱ

Largely unstructured in aqueous solution.1 Publication

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the humanin family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

PhylomeDBⁱ	Q8IVG9

PhylomeDBⁱ

Q8IVG9

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR028139 Humanin
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR33895 PTHR33895, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF15040 Humanin, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Q8IVG9-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20 
MAPRGFSCLL LLTSEIDLPV KRRA

Length:24

Mass (Da):2,687

Last modified:March 1, 2003 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ08B9A778EC13B971

GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AY029066 mRNA Translation: AAK50430.1 BE899497 mRNA No translation available.

Select the link destinations:
EMBLⁱ
GenBankⁱ
DDBJⁱ

Links Updated

AY029066 mRNA Translation: AAK50430.1
BE899497 mRNA No translation available.

Similar proteinsⁱ

90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q8IVG9	Humanin-like 12		HUMAN		27	UniRef90_Q8IVG9
Uncharacterized protein		CHLSB		24
Uncharacterized protein		RHIBE		24

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q8IVG9	Humanin-like 12		HUMAN		27	UniRef50_Q8IVG9
Uncharacterized protein		RHIBE		24
Uncharacterized protein		CHLSB		24
Uncharacterized protein		CALJA		25
MT-RNR2 like 11		PANTR		24
+10

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AY029066 mRNA Translation: AAK50430.1 BE899497 mRNA No translation available.

Select the link destinations:
EMBLⁱ
GenBankⁱ
DDBJⁱ

Links Updated

AY029066 mRNA Translation: AAK50430.1
BE899497 mRNA No translation available.

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	1Y32	NMR	-	A	1-24	[»]
	2GD3	NMR	-	A	1-24	[»]
	5GIW	NMR	-	X	1-24	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q8IVG9
SMRⁱ	Q8IVG9
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

MINTⁱ	Q8IVG9

MINTⁱ

Q8IVG9

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q8IVG9
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q8IVG9

Proteomic databases

PRIDEⁱ	Q8IVG9
ProteomicsDBⁱ	70704

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNETⁱ	4550
GeneCardsⁱ	MT-RNR2
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:7471 MT-RNR2
MIMⁱ	606120 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q8IVG9
Orphanetⁱ	155 NON RARE IN EUROPE: Familial isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

PhylomeDBⁱ	Q8IVG9

PhylomeDBⁱ

Q8IVG9

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-444473 Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-444473 Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	MT-RNR2 human
EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	Q8IVG9
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:Q8IVG9
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR028139 Humanin
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR33895 PTHR33895, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF15040 Humanin, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	HUNIN_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	Q8IVG9Primary (citable) accession number: Q8IVG9
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	September 27, 2004
	Last sequence update:	March 1, 2003
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 98 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - Q8IVG9 (HUNIN_HUMAN)

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Humanin

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Caution

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted

Other locations

Extracellular region or secreted

Mitochondrion

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Region

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Sequence databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ