UniProtKB - Q8CJE2 (PER3_RAT)
Protein
Period circadian protein homolog 3
Gene
Per3
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Status
Functioni
Originally described as a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1|ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1, NR1D2, RORA, RORB and RORG, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. Has a redundant role with the other PER proteins PER1 and PER2 and is not essential for the circadian rhythms maintenance. In contrast, plays an important role in sleep-wake timing and sleep homeostasis probably through the transcriptional regulation of sleep homeostasis-related genes, without influencing circadian parameters. Can bind heme.By similarity
GO - Molecular functioni
- kinase binding Source: RGD
- transcription corepressor binding Source: GO_Central
- transcription factor binding Source: GO_Central
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_Central
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGD
GO - Biological processi
- circadian regulation of gene expression Source: GO_Central
- circadian rhythm Source: RGD
- entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod Source: GO_Central
- negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
- protein stabilization Source: UniProtKB
- regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep Source: UniProtKB
- response to light stimulus Source: GO_Central
Keywordsi
Biological process | Biological rhythms, Transcription, Transcription regulation |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Period circadian protein homolog 3Short name: rPER3 Alternative name(s): Circadian clock protein PERIOD 3 |
Gene namesi | Name:Per3 |
Organismi | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10116 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
RGDi | 621581, Per3 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000261155 | 1 – 1119 | Period circadian protein homolog 3Add BLAST | 1119 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 907 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Phosphorylation by CSNK1E is weak and appears to require association with PER1 and translocation to the nucleus.By similarity
Ubiquitinated.By similarity
Keywords - PTMi
Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugationProteomic databases
PaxDbi | Q8CJE2 |
PRIDEi | Q8CJE2 |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Homodimer.
Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK or NPAS2, ARTNL/BMAL1 or ARTNL2/BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER proteins.
Interacts directly with PER1, PER2, CRY1, CRY2, and TIMELESS; interaction with CRY1 and CRY2 is weak and not rhythmic.
Interacts with FBXW11 and BTRC.
By similarityGO - Molecular functioni
- kinase binding Source: RGD
- transcription corepressor binding Source: GO_Central
- transcription factor binding Source: GO_Central
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGD
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000024932 |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 120 – 187 | PAS 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 68 | |
Domaini | 259 – 325 | PAS 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 67 | |
Domaini | 334 – 377 | PACAdd BLAST | 44 |
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 551 – 750 | CSNK1E binding domainBy similarityAdd BLAST | 200 | |
Regioni | 1037 – 1119 | CRY binding domainBy similarityAdd BLAST | 83 |
Motif
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Motifi | 54 – 63 | Nuclear export signal 1By similarity | 10 | |
Motifi | 400 – 409 | Nuclear export signal 3By similarity | 10 | |
Motifi | 720 – 739 | Nuclear localization signalBy similarityAdd BLAST | 20 | |
Motifi | 913 – 920 | Nuclear export signal 2By similarity | 8 |
Compositional bias
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Compositional biasi | 562 – 565 | Poly-Ser | 4 | |
Compositional biasi | 740 – 744 | Poly-Ser | 5 |
Keywords - Domaini
RepeatPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG3753, Eukaryota |
InParanoidi | Q8CJE2 |
OrthoDBi | 331262at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q8CJE2 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00130, PAS, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000014, PAS IPR035965, PAS-like_dom_sf IPR013655, PAS_fold_3 IPR015524, Per_circ_prot_3 IPR022728, Period_circadian-like_C |
PANTHERi | PTHR11269:SF13, PTHR11269:SF13, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF08447, PAS_3, 1 hit PF12114, Period_C, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00091, PAS, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF55785, SSF55785, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS50112, PAS, 1 hit |
(1+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
This entry has 1 described isoform and 3 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
Q8CJE2-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MDPCGNPAVP GGDCPQTRGP GLQGSSGQEG PLQGICVDSS HSEHEDRNRM
60 70 80 90 100
SEELIMVVQE MKKYFPAERH TKPSTLDALN YALRCVHSVQ ANSEFFQSLS
110 120 130 140 150
PRGARQAEAT VYNLEELTSL ASEHTSKNTD TFVAVFSFLS GRLVHISEQA
160 170 180 190 200
AWILNSKKGF LKSLHFVDLL APRDVRVFYA HTAPTQLPFW NTWTQRASQY
210 220 230 240 250
ECAPVKPFFC RICGGGDREQ KRHYSPFRIL PYLVHVHSPA QPEPEPCCLT
260 270 280 290 300
LVEKIHSGYE APRIPVDKRV FTTTHTPGCV FLEVDERAVP LLGFLPQDLI
310 320 330 340 350
GTSILTYLHP EDRPLMVAVH QKVLKYVGHP PFEHSPIRFC TQNGDYVILD
360 370 380 390 400
SSWSSFVNPW SRKVSFIIGR HKVRTSPLNE DVFATRIKKA TSHDEDITEL
410 420 430 440 450
QEQIHRLLLQ PVHASASSGY GSLGSSGSQE QHISVTSSSE SSGHCVEEAQ
460 470 480 490 500
QEQMTLQQVY ASVNKIKNVG QQLYIESMAR SSVKPVMETC TEPQGSDEQK
510 520 530 540 550
DFSSSQTLKN KSTDTGSGGD LRPEQHSSSY QQMNCIDSVI RYLTSYSFPA
560 570 580 590 600
LKRKCISCTN TSSSSEEAKP NPEADGSLRD TEQLLDIPEQ ETTTPSADAE
610 620 630 640 650
GGVARTLSTA ALSMASGVSQ CSCSSTTDHV PPLQSESVAG ACEPWALRTK
660 670 680 690 700
AHVTAEGFKP VGLTAAVLSA HTQKEEQNYV DRFREKILTS PYGCYLQQEG
710 720 730 740 750
RNHAKYACVV GAGATPKHSR CAGSERRKHK RKKLPTPVDS SSSSAHLCPH
760 770 780 790 800
VRGLLPDVQH WSASVTSPCA TGLALPSALV VPNQTPYLLS SFPLQDMAPH
810 820 830 840 850
GVGDSAPWGA AAECPPLSAG PHPVSTFPSA YMGTFMTVLL HNSPLFPLWP
860 870 880 890 900
ASFSPYPFLG ATGPSQMAPL VPAMAPDLEP TPSDHGPRRV EENWETHSEE
910 920 930 940 950
EHPFISSRSS SPLQLNLLQE EMPAPSEYAD ALRRGACPDA KQLCVTGNSG
960 970 980 990 1000
SRSPPCATGE LATASVQQES PSAAASGSSA SSVHGSGSDY TSEVSENGQR
1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
SQDTHRDRAF SGAAEESIWR MIERTPQCVL MTYQVPERGR DTVLREDLEK
1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
LHSMERQRPQ FSSAQKEELA KVRSWIHSHP APEERQLQRA MSPVKTEVQL
1110
VTLQRPVNSV QQKTPVEQL
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There are 3 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketA0A1B0GWU7 | A0A1B0GWU7_RAT | Period circadian protein homolog 3 | Per3 | 1,119 | Annotation score: | ||
G3V8D9 | G3V8D9_RAT | Period circadian protein homolog 3 | Per3 rCG_31179 | 1,115 | Annotation score: | ||
A0A1B0GWK7 | A0A1B0GWK7_RAT | Period circadian protein homolog 3 | Per3 | 126 | Annotation score: |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AB092512 mRNA Translation: BAC16806.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_076468.2, NM_023978.2 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 78962 |
KEGGi | rno:78962 |
UCSCi | RGD:621581, rat |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AB092512 mRNA Translation: BAC16806.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_076468.2, NM_023978.2 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | Q8CJE2 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000024932 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | Q8CJE2 |
PRIDEi | Q8CJE2 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 78962 |
KEGGi | rno:78962 |
UCSCi | RGD:621581, rat |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 8863 |
RGDi | 621581, Per3 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG3753, Eukaryota |
InParanoidi | Q8CJE2 |
OrthoDBi | 331262at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q8CJE2 |
Miscellaneous databases
PROi | PR:Q8CJE2 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00130, PAS, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000014, PAS IPR035965, PAS-like_dom_sf IPR013655, PAS_fold_3 IPR015524, Per_circ_prot_3 IPR022728, Period_circadian-like_C |
PANTHERi | PTHR11269:SF13, PTHR11269:SF13, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF08447, PAS_3, 1 hit PF12114, Period_C, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00091, PAS, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF55785, SSF55785, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS50112, PAS, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | PER3_RAT | |
Accessioni | Q8CJE2Primary (citable) accession number: Q8CJE2 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | November 28, 2006 |
Last sequence update: | March 1, 2003 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 106 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |