Alpha-2 antiplasmin

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aging Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Changes in growth factor expression in normal aging of the rat retina."
    Smith C.P., Steinle J.J.
    Exp Eye Res 85:817-824(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to cobalt ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Hypoxia-induced upregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor by retinal glial (Muller) cells."
    Yang X.M., Yafai Y., Wiedemann P., Kuhrt H., Wang Y.S., Reichenbach A., Eichler W.
    J Neurosci Res 90:257-266(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Retinoic acid and dexamethasone regulate the expression of PEDF in retinal and endothelial cells."
    Tombran-Tink J., Lara N., Apricio S.E., Potluri P., Gee S., Ma J.X., Chader G., Barnstable C.J.
    Exp Eye Res 78:945-955(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of high glucose concentration on VEGF and PEDF expression in cultured retinal Muller cells."
    Mu H., Zhang X.M., Liu J.J., Dong L., Feng Z.L.
    Mol Biol Rep 36:2147-2151(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to retinoic acid Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Retinoic acid and dexamethasone regulate the expression of PEDF in retinal and endothelial cells."
    Tombran-Tink J., Lara N., Apricio S.E., Potluri P., Gee S., Ma J.X., Chader G., Barnstable C.J.
    Exp Eye Res 78:945-955(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kidney development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression of pigment-epithelium-derived factor during kidney development and aging."
    Pina A.L., Kubitza M., Brawanski A., Tombran-Tink J., Kloth S.
    Cell Tissue Res 329:329-338(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of angiogenesis Source: RGD
• negative regulation of endopeptidase activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of endothelial cell migration Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in neuroblastoma: a multifunctional mediator of Schwann cell antitumor activity."
    Crawford S.E., Stellmach V., Ranalli M., Huang X., Huang L., Volpert O., De Vries G.H., Abramson L.P., Bouck N.
    J Cell Sci 114:4421-4428(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development Source: RGD
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Hypoxia-induced upregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor by retinal glial (Muller) cells."
    Yang X.M., Yafai Y., Wiedemann P., Kuhrt H., Wang Y.S., Reichenbach A., Eichler W.
    J Neurosci Res 90:257-266(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous antiinflammatory factor."
    Zhang S.X., Wang J.J., Gao G., Shao C., Mott R., Ma J.X.
    FASEB J 20:323-325(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neuron death Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Pigment epithelium-derived factor released by Muller glial cells exerts neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells."
    Unterlauft J.D., Eichler W., Kuhne K., Yang X.M., Yafai Y., Wiedemann P., Reichenbach A., Claudepierre T.
    Neurochem Res 37:1524-1533(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ovulation cycle Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "A physiological approach for treating endometriosis by recombinant pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)."
    Chuderland D., Hasky N., Ben-Ami I., Kaplan-Kraicer R., Grossman H., Shalgi R.
    Hum Reprod 28:1626-1634(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neurogenesis Source: RGD
• positive regulation of neuron projection development Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A multilevel screening strategy defines a molecular fingerprint of proregenerative olfactory ensheathing cells and identifies SCARB2, a protein that improves regenerative sprouting of injured sensory spinal axons."
    Roet K.C., Franssen E.H., de Bree F.M., Essing A.H., Zijlstra S.J., Fagoe N.D., Eggink H.M., Eggers R., Smit A.B., van Kesteren R.E., Verhaagen J.
    J Neurosci 33:11116-11135(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to acidic pH Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in rat retinal explants under retinal acidification."
    Zhu D., Xu X., Zheng Z., Gu Q.
    Eye (Lond) 23:2105-2111(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to arsenic-containing substance Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in arsenic-induced cell apoptosis of liver and brain in a rat model."
    Zhang W., Feng H., Gao Y., Sun L., Wang J., Li Y., Wang C., Zhao L., Hu X., Sun H., Wei Y., Sun D.
    Biol Trace Elem Res 151:269-276(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organic cyclic compound Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Proteases and protease inhibitors in taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats."
    Kruse P., Hage E., Lasson A.
    Int J Pancreatol 25:113-121(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to peptide Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Proteases and protease inhibitors in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats."
    Kruse P., Lasson A., Hage E.
    J Surg Res 85:294-300(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retina development in camera-type eye Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelial-derived factor in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity."
    Hartmann J.S., Thompson H., Wang H., Kanekar S., Huang W., Budd S.J., Hartnett M.E.
    Mol Vis 17:1577-1587(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• short-term memory Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hexapeptides HLDF-6 and PEDF-6 restore memory in rats after chronic intracerebroventricular treatment with beta-amyloid peptide Abeta(25-35)."
    Storozheva Z.I., Proshin A.T., Zhokhov S.S., Sherstnev V.V., Rodionov I.L., Lipkin V.M., Kostanyan I.A.
    Bull Exp Biol Med 141:319-322(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MQTLVLLLWT GALLGHGSSQ NVPDSSQDSP APDSTGEPVV EEDDPFFKAP 
        60         70         80         90        100
VNKLAAAVSN FGYDLYRLRS GAVSTGNILL SPLSVATALS ALSLGAEQRT 
       110        120        130        140        150
ESVIHRALYY DLINNPDIHS TYKELLASVT APEKNFKSAS RIVFERKLRV 
       160        170        180        190        200
KSSFVAPLEK SYGTRPRILT GNPRIDLQEI NNWVQAQMKG KIARSTREMP 
       210        220        230        240        250
SALSILLLGV AYFKGQWATK FDSRKTTLQD FHLDEDRTVR VPMMSDPKAI 
       260        270        280        290        300
LRYGLDSDLN CKIAQLPLTG SMSIIFFLPL TVTQNLTMIE ESLTSEFVHD 
       310        320        330        340        350
IDRELKTIQA VLTVPKLKLS YEGDVTNSLQ DMKLQSLFES PDFSKITGKP 
       360        370        380        390        400
VKLTQVEHRA AFEWNEEGAG TSSNPDLQPV RLTFPLDYHL NRPFIFVLRD 
       410 
TDTGALLFIG RILDPSST                                    

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Protein family/group databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ