Twinfilin-2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• actin filament binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• actin monomer binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity<br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Mammals have two twinfilin isoforms whose subcellular localizations and tissue distributions are differentially regulated."
    Vartiainen M.K., Sarkkinen E.M., Matilainen T., Salminen M., Lappalainen P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34347-34355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Two biochemically distinct and tissue-specific twinfilin isoforms are generated from the mouse Twf2 gene by alternative promoter usage."
    Nevalainen E.M., Skwarek-Maruszewska A., Braun A., Moser M., Lappalainen P.
    Biochem. J. 417:593-600(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ATP binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Cloning, expression and characterization of an A6 related protein."
    Rohwer A., Kittstein W., Marks F., Gschwendt M.
    Eur. J. Biochem. 263:518-525(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION.
• cadherin binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from high throughput direct assayⁱ
  • "E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative proteomics."
    Guo Z., Neilson L.J., Zhong H., Murray P.S., Zanivan S., Zaidel-Bar R.
    Sci Signal 7:rs7-rs7(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Mammals have two twinfilin isoforms whose subcellular localizations and tissue distributions are differentially regulated."
    Vartiainen M.K., Sarkkinen E.M., Matilainen T., Salminen M., Lappalainen P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34347-34355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase C binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Cloning, expression and characterization of an A6 related protein."
    Rohwer A., Kittstein W., Marks F., Gschwendt M.
    Eur. J. Biochem. 263:518-525(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION.
• RNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from high throughput direct assayⁱ
  • "Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins."
    Castello A., Fischer B., Eichelbaum K., Horos R., Beckmann B.M., Strein C., Davey N.E., Humphreys D.T., Preiss T., Steinmetz L.M., Krijgsveld J., Hentze M.W.
    Cell 149:1393-1406(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• actin filament depolymerization Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• barbed-end actin filament capping Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Two biochemically distinct and tissue-specific twinfilin isoforms are generated from the mouse Twf2 gene by alternative promoter usage."
    Nevalainen E.M., Skwarek-Maruszewska A., Braun A., Moser M., Lappalainen P.
    Biochem. J. 417:593-600(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell projection organization Source: UniProtKB-KW
• cellular response to growth factor stimulus Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of twinfilin-2 as a factor involved in neurite outgrowth by RNAi-based screen."
    Yamada S., Uchimura E., Ueda T., Nomura T., Fujita S., Matsumoto K., Funeriu D.P., Miyake M., Miyake J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363:926-930(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to retinoic acid Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of twinfilin-2 as a factor involved in neurite outgrowth by RNAi-based screen."
    Yamada S., Uchimura E., Ueda T., Nomura T., Fujita S., Matsumoto K., Funeriu D.P., Miyake M., Miyake J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363:926-930(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of actin filament polymerization Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Mammals have two twinfilin isoforms whose subcellular localizations and tissue distributions are differentially regulated."
    Vartiainen M.K., Sarkkinen E.M., Matilainen T., Salminen M., Lappalainen P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34347-34355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of axon extension Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of twinfilin-2 as a factor involved in neurite outgrowth by RNAi-based screen."
    Yamada S., Uchimura E., Ueda T., Nomura T., Fujita S., Matsumoto K., Funeriu D.P., Miyake M., Miyake J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363:926-930(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of twinfilin-2 as a factor involved in neurite outgrowth by RNAi-based screen."
    Yamada S., Uchimura E., Ueda T., Nomura T., Fujita S., Matsumoto K., Funeriu D.P., Miyake M., Miyake J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363:926-930(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neuron projection development Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of twinfilin-2 as a factor involved in neurite outgrowth by RNAi-based screen."
    Yamada S., Uchimura E., Ueda T., Nomura T., Fujita S., Matsumoto K., Funeriu D.P., Miyake M., Miyake J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363:926-930(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of twinfilin-2 as a factor involved in neurite outgrowth by RNAi-based screen."
    Yamada S., Uchimura E., Ueda T., Nomura T., Fujita S., Matsumoto K., Funeriu D.P., Miyake M., Miyake J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 363:926-930(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of lamellipodium assembly Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of microvillus length Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence<br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • "Twinfilin 2 regulates actin filament lengths in cochlear stereocilia."
    Peng A.W., Belyantseva I.A., Hsu P.D., Friedman T.B., Heller S.
    J. Neurosci. 29:15083-15088(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequestering of actin monomers Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Two biochemically distinct and tissue-specific twinfilin isoforms are generated from the mouse Twf2 gene by alternative promoter usage."
    Nevalainen E.M., Skwarek-Maruszewska A., Braun A., Moser M., Lappalainen P.
    Biochem. J. 417:593-600(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• actin filament binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• actin monomer binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Mammals have two twinfilin isoforms whose subcellular localizations and tissue distributions are differentially regulated."
    Vartiainen M.K., Sarkkinen E.M., Matilainen T., Salminen M., Lappalainen P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34347-34355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Two biochemically distinct and tissue-specific twinfilin isoforms are generated from the mouse Twf2 gene by alternative promoter usage."
    Nevalainen E.M., Skwarek-Maruszewska A., Braun A., Moser M., Lappalainen P.
    Biochem. J. 417:593-600(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cadherin binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from high throughput direct assayⁱ
  • "E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative proteomics."
    Guo Z., Neilson L.J., Zhong H., Murray P.S., Zanivan S., Zaidel-Bar R.
    Sci Signal 7:rs7-rs7(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase C binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Cloning, expression and characterization of an A6 related protein."
    Rohwer A., Kittstein W., Marks F., Gschwendt M.
    Eur. J. Biochem. 263:518-525(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MAHQTGIHAT EELKEFFAKA RAGSVRLIKV VIEDEQLVLG ASQEPVGRWD 
        60         70         80         90        100
QDYDRAVLPL LDAQQPCYLL YRLDSQNAQG FEWLFLAWSP DNSPVRLKML 
       110        120        130        140        150
YAATRATVKK EFGGGHIKDE LFGTVKDDLS FAGYQKHLSS CAAPAPLTSA 
       160        170        180        190        200
ERELQQIRIN EVKTEISVES KHQTLQGLAF PLQPEAQRAL QQLKQKMVNY 
       210        220        230        240        250
IQMKLDLERE TIELVHTEPT DVAQLPSRVP RDAARYHFFL YKHTHEGDPL 
       260        270        280        290        300
ESVVFIYSMP GYKCSIKERM LYSSCKSRLL DSVEQDFHLE IAKKIEIGDG 
       310        320        330        340 
AELTAEFLYD EVHPKQHAFK QAFAKPKGPG GKRGHKRLIR GPGENGDDS  

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. Protein Spotlight
   Protein Spotlight articles and cited UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
4. Human chromosome 3
   Human chromosome 3: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
5. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
6. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
7. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot