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UniProtKB - Q66HG4 (GALM_RAT)

Entry version 110 (07 Apr 2021)
Sequence version 1 (11 Oct 2004)
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Protein

Galactose mutarotase

Gene

Galm

Organism
Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score:

Annotation score:4 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>-Experimental evidence at protein leveli <p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.<p><a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Mutarotase that catalyzes the interconversion of beta-D-galactose and alpha-D-galactose during galactose metabolism. Beta-D-galactose is metabolized in the liver into glucose 1-phosphate, the primary metabolic fuel, by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway: GALM, GALK1 (galactokinase), GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) and GALE (UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase). Involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between the beta- and alpha-anomers of galactose, therefore ensuring a sufficient supply of the alpha-anomer for GALK1. Also active on D-glucose although shows a preference for galactose over glucose.By similarity

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathway' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathwayi: hexose metabolism

This protein is involved in the pathway hexose metabolism, which is part of Carbohydrate metabolism.By similarity
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway hexose metabolism and in Carbohydrate metabolism.

Pathwayi: galactose metabolism

This protein is involved in the pathway galactose metabolism, which is part of Carbohydrate metabolism.By similarity
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway galactose metabolism and in Carbohydrate metabolism.

Sites

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the interaction between a single amino acid and another chemical entity. Priority is given to the annotation of physiological ligands.<p><a href='/help/binding' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binding sitei107Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity1
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section is used for enzymes and indicates the residues directly involved in catalysis.<p><a href='/help/act_site' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Active sitei176Proton donorBy similarity1
Binding sitei243Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity1
Binding sitei279Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity1
Active sitei307Proton acceptorBy similarity1
Binding sitei307Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity1

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processi

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsi

Molecular functionIsomerase
Biological processCarbohydrate metabolism

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathway: a resource for the exploration and annotation of metabolic pathways

More...UniPathwayi		UPA00214
UPA00242

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.<p><a href='/help/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Galactose mutarotase (EC:5.1.3.3By similarity)
Alternative name(s):
Aldose 1-epimerase
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. Four distinct tokens exist: 'Name', 'Synonyms', 'Ordered locus names' and 'ORF names'.<p><a href='/help/gene_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Gene namesi
Name:Galm
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>OrganismiRattus norvegicus (Rat)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the 'taxonomic identifier' or 'taxid'.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri10116 [NCBI]
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineageiEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section is present for entries that are part of a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/proteomes">proteome</a>, i.e. of a set of proteins thought to be expressed by organisms whose genomes have been completely sequenced.<p><a href='/help/proteomes_manual' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Proteomesi
  • UP000002494 <p>A UniProt <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/proteomes%5Fmanual">proteome</a> can consist of several components.<br></br>The component name refers to the genomic component encoding a set of proteins.<p><a href='/help/proteome_component' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Componenti: Chromosome 6

Organism-specific databases

Rat genome database

More...RGDi		1359459, Galm

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Keywords - Cellular componenti

Cytoplasm

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM / Processing</a> section indicates that the initiator methionine is cleaved from the mature protein.<p><a href='/help/init_met' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Initiator methionineiRemovedBy similarity
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing or proteolytic cleavage.<p><a href='/help/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>ChainiPRO_00001974372 – 342Galactose mutarotaseAdd BLAST341

Amino acid modifications

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.<p><a href='/help/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei14PhosphoserineCombined sources1
Modified residuei124PhosphoserineCombined sources1

Keywords - PTMi

Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

PaxDb, a database of protein abundance averages across all three domains of life

More...PaxDbi		Q66HG4

PRoteomics IDEntifications database

More...PRIDEi		Q66HG4

PTM databases

iPTMnet integrated resource for PTMs in systems biology context

More...iPTMneti		Q66HG4

Comprehensive resource for the study of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human, mouse and rat.

More...PhosphoSitePlusi		Q66HG4

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Bgee dataBase for Gene Expression Evolution

More...Bgeei		ENSRNOG00000007023, Expressed in adult mammalian kidney and 21 other tissues

Genevisible search portal to normalized and curated expression data from Genevestigator

More...Genevisiblei		Q66HG4, RN

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structurei

Monomer.

By similarity

Protein-protein interaction databases

STRING: functional protein association networks

More...STRINGi		10116.ENSRNOP00000009221

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

SWISS-MODEL Repository - a database of annotated 3D protein structure models

More...SMRi		Q66HG4

Database of comparative protein structure models

More...ModBasei		Search...

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Region

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Family and Domains' section describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.<p><a href='/help/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni81 – 82Beta-D-galactose bindingBy similarity2
Regioni176 – 178Beta-D-galactose bindingBy similarity3

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the aldose epimerase family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups

More...eggNOGi		KOG1604, Eukaryota

Ensembl GeneTree

More...GeneTreei		ENSGT00510000047589

The HOGENOM Database of Homologous Genes from Fully Sequenced Organisms

More...HOGENOMi		CLU_031753_2_0_1

InParanoid: Eukaryotic Ortholog Groups

More...InParanoidi		Q66HG4

Identification of Orthologs from Complete Genome Data

More...OMAi		ATWLSCK

Database of Orthologous Groups

More...OrthoDBi		978899at2759

Database for complete collections of gene phylogenies

More...PhylomeDBi		Q66HG4

TreeFam database of animal gene trees

More...TreeFami		TF324207

Family and domain databases

Gene3D Structural and Functional Annotation of Protein Families

More...Gene3Di		2.70.98.10, 1 hit

Integrated resource of protein families, domains and functional sites

More...InterProi		View protein in InterPro
IPR018052, Ald1_epimerase_CS
IPR015443, Aldose_1-epimerase
IPR008183, Aldose_1/G6P_1-epimerase
IPR011013, Gal_mutarotase_sf_dom
IPR014718, GH-type_carb-bd

Pfam protein domain database

More...Pfami		View protein in Pfam
PF01263, Aldose_epim, 1 hit

PIRSF; a whole-protein classification database

More...PIRSFi		PIRSF005096, GALM, 1 hit

Superfamily database of structural and functional annotation

More...SUPFAMi		SSF74650, SSF74650, 1 hit

PROSITE; a protein domain and family database

More...PROSITEi		View protein in PROSITE
PS00545, ALDOSE_1_EPIMERASE, 1 hit

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingi: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

Q66HG4-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
« Hide
        10         20         30         40         50
MVSVTRTVFG ELPSGGGAVE KFQLRSDQLN VDIISWGCTI TALQVKDRQG 
        60         70         80         90        100
KASDVVLGFA ELEGYLQKQP YFGAVVGRVA NRIAKGRFTV DGKEYHLPIN 
       110        120        130        140        150
REPNSLHGGF RGFDKVLWTP QVLSNGVQFS RVSPDGEEGY PGELKVWVTY 
       160        170        180        190        200
TLDGGELVVN YRAQASQTTP VNLTNHSYFN LAGQGSPDIY DHEVTIAADA 
       210        220        230        240        250
YLPVDETLIP TGVIAPVEGT AFDLRKPVEL GKHLQSYHIH GFDHNFCLKE 
       260        270        280        290        300
SKEKKFCARV HHAASGRILE VYTTQPGVQF YTGNFLDGTL KGKSGEVYPK 
       310        320        330        340 
HSGFCLETQN WPDAVNQPQF PPILLRPGEE YNHTTWFKFS VA
Length:342
Mass (Da):37,893
Last modified:October 11, 2004 - v1
<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p> <p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.</p> <p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).</p> <p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. </p> <p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br /> <strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p> Checksum:i2168267DCA6D44C3
GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:

EMBL nucleotide sequence database

More...EMBLi

GenBank nucleotide sequence database

More...GenBanki

DNA Data Bank of Japan; a nucleotide sequence database

More...DDBJi
Links Updated
BC081876 mRNA Translation: AAH81876.1

NCBI Reference Sequences

More...RefSeqi		NP_001007705.1, NM_001007704.1

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl eukaryotic genome annotation project

More...Ensembli		ENSRNOT00000009221; ENSRNOP00000009221; ENSRNOG00000007023

Database of genes from NCBI RefSeq genomes

More...GeneIDi		313843

KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

More...KEGGi		rno:313843

UCSC genome browser

More...UCSCi		RGD:1359459, rat

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:
EMBLi
GenBanki
DDBJi
Links Updated
BC081876 mRNA Translation: AAH81876.1
RefSeqiNP_001007705.1, NM_001007704.1

3D structure databases

SMRiQ66HG4
ModBaseiSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

STRINGi10116.ENSRNOP00000009221

PTM databases

iPTMnetiQ66HG4
PhosphoSitePlusiQ66HG4

Proteomic databases

PaxDbiQ66HG4
PRIDEiQ66HG4

Genome annotation databases

EnsembliENSRNOT00000009221; ENSRNOP00000009221; ENSRNOG00000007023
GeneIDi313843
KEGGirno:313843
UCSCiRGD:1359459, rat

Organism-specific databases

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

More...CTDi		130589
RGDi1359459, Galm

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGiKOG1604, Eukaryota
GeneTreeiENSGT00510000047589
HOGENOMiCLU_031753_2_0_1
InParanoidiQ66HG4
OMAiATWLSCK
OrthoDBi978899at2759
PhylomeDBiQ66HG4
TreeFamiTF324207

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathwayiUPA00214
UPA00242

Miscellaneous databases

Protein Ontology

More...PROi		PR:Q66HG4

Gene expression databases

BgeeiENSRNOG00000007023, Expressed in adult mammalian kidney and 21 other tissues
GenevisibleiQ66HG4, RN

Family and domain databases

Gene3Di2.70.98.10, 1 hit
InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR018052, Ald1_epimerase_CS
IPR015443, Aldose_1-epimerase
IPR008183, Aldose_1/G6P_1-epimerase
IPR011013, Gal_mutarotase_sf_dom
IPR014718, GH-type_carb-bd
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF01263, Aldose_epim, 1 hit
PIRSFiPIRSF005096, GALM, 1 hit
SUPFAMiSSF74650, SSF74650, 1 hit
PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
PS00545, ALDOSE_1_EPIMERASE, 1 hit

ProtoNet; Automatic hierarchical classification of proteins

More...ProtoNeti		Search...

MobiDB: a database of protein disorder and mobility annotations

More...MobiDBi		Search...

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry nameiGALM_RAT
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called 'Primary (citable) accession number'.<p><a href='/help/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: Q66HG4
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ('Last modified'). The version number for both the entry and the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> are also displayed.<p><a href='/help/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: May 10, 2005
Last sequence update: October 11, 2004
Last modified: April 7, 2021
This is version 110 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).<p><a href='/help/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

  1. PATHWAY comments
    Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways
  2. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families
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