UniProtKB - Q66HG4 (GALM_RAT)
Galactose mutarotase
Galm
Functioni
Mutarotase that catalyzes the interconversion of beta-D-galactose and alpha-D-galactose during galactose metabolism. Beta-D-galactose is metabolized in the liver into glucose 1-phosphate, the primary metabolic fuel, by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway: GALM, GALK1 (galactokinase), GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) and GALE (UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase). Involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between the beta- and alpha-anomers of galactose, therefore ensuring a sufficient supply of the alpha-anomer for GALK1. Also active on D-glucose although shows a preference for galactose over glucose.
By similarityCatalytic activityi
- EC:5.1.3.3By similarityThis reaction proceeds in the backwardBy similarity direction.
- EC:5.1.3.3By similarity
: hexose metabolism Pathwayi
This protein is involved in the pathway hexose metabolism, which is part of Carbohydrate metabolism.By similarityView all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway hexose metabolism and in Carbohydrate metabolism.
Pathwayi: galactose metabolism
This protein is involved in the pathway galactose metabolism, which is part of Carbohydrate metabolism.By similarityView all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway galactose metabolism and in Carbohydrate metabolism.
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Binding sitei | 107 | Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity | 1 | |
Active sitei | 176 | Proton donorBy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 243 | Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 279 | Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity | 1 | |
Active sitei | 307 | Proton acceptorBy similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 307 | Beta-D-galactoseBy similarity | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- aldose 1-epimerase activity Source: RGD
- carbohydrate binding Source: InterPro
GO - Biological processi
- carbohydrate metabolic process Source: RGD
- galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose Source: GO_Central
- galactose metabolic process Source: RGD
- glucose metabolic process Source: RGD
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Isomerase |
Biological process | Carbohydrate metabolism |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA00214 UPA00242 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Galactose mutarotase (EC:5.1.3.3By similarity)Alternative name(s): Aldose 1-epimerase |
Gene namesi | Name:Galm |
Organismi | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10116 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
RGDi | 1359459, Galm |
Subcellular locationi
Cytoplasm and Cytosol
- Cytoplasm Curated
Other locations
- cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
CytoplasmPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initiator methioninei | RemovedBy similarity | |||
ChainiPRO_0000197437 | 2 – 342 | Galactose mutarotaseAdd BLAST | 341 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 14 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 124 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
PaxDbi | Q66HG4 |
PRIDEi | Q66HG4 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | Q66HG4 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q66HG4 |
Expressioni
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSRNOG00000007023, Expressed in adult mammalian kidney and 21 other tissues |
Genevisiblei | Q66HG4, RN |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Monomer.
By similarityProtein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000009221 |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 81 – 82 | Beta-D-galactose bindingBy similarity | 2 | |
Regioni | 176 – 178 | Beta-D-galactose bindingBy similarity | 3 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1604, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00510000047589 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_031753_2_0_1 |
InParanoidi | Q66HG4 |
OMAi | TNHTYFG |
OrthoDBi | 978899at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q66HG4 |
TreeFami | TF324207 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 2.70.98.10, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR018052, Ald1_epimerase_CS IPR015443, Aldose_1-epimerase IPR008183, Aldose_1/G6P_1-epimerase IPR011013, Gal_mutarotase_sf_dom IPR014718, GH-type_carb-bd |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF01263, Aldose_epim, 1 hit |
PIRSFi | PIRSF005096, GALM, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF74650, SSF74650, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00545, ALDOSE_1_EPIMERASE, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
10 20 30 40 50
MVSVTRTVFG ELPSGGGAVE KFQLRSDQLN VDIISWGCTI TALQVKDRQG
60 70 80 90 100
KASDVVLGFA ELEGYLQKQP YFGAVVGRVA NRIAKGRFTV DGKEYHLPIN
110 120 130 140 150
REPNSLHGGF RGFDKVLWTP QVLSNGVQFS RVSPDGEEGY PGELKVWVTY
160 170 180 190 200
TLDGGELVVN YRAQASQTTP VNLTNHSYFN LAGQGSPDIY DHEVTIAADA
210 220 230 240 250
YLPVDETLIP TGVIAPVEGT AFDLRKPVEL GKHLQSYHIH GFDHNFCLKE
260 270 280 290 300
SKEKKFCARV HHAASGRILE VYTTQPGVQF YTGNFLDGTL KGKSGEVYPK
310 320 330 340
HSGFCLETQN WPDAVNQPQF PPILLRPGEE YNHTTWFKFS VA
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | BC081876 mRNA Translation: AAH81876.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_001007705.1, NM_001007704.1 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSRNOT00000009221; ENSRNOP00000009221; ENSRNOG00000007023 |
GeneIDi | 313843 |
KEGGi | rno:313843 |
UCSCi | RGD:1359459, rat |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | BC081876 mRNA Translation: AAH81876.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_001007705.1, NM_001007704.1 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | Q66HG4 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000009221 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | Q66HG4 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | Q66HG4 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | Q66HG4 |
PRIDEi | Q66HG4 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSRNOT00000009221; ENSRNOP00000009221; ENSRNOG00000007023 |
GeneIDi | 313843 |
KEGGi | rno:313843 |
UCSCi | RGD:1359459, rat |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 130589 |
RGDi | 1359459, Galm |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1604, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00510000047589 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_031753_2_0_1 |
InParanoidi | Q66HG4 |
OMAi | TNHTYFG |
OrthoDBi | 978899at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | Q66HG4 |
TreeFami | TF324207 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA00214 UPA00242 |
Miscellaneous databases
PROi | PR:Q66HG4 |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSRNOG00000007023, Expressed in adult mammalian kidney and 21 other tissues |
Genevisiblei | Q66HG4, RN |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 2.70.98.10, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR018052, Ald1_epimerase_CS IPR015443, Aldose_1-epimerase IPR008183, Aldose_1/G6P_1-epimerase IPR011013, Gal_mutarotase_sf_dom IPR014718, GH-type_carb-bd |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF01263, Aldose_epim, 1 hit |
PIRSFi | PIRSF005096, GALM, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF74650, SSF74650, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00545, ALDOSE_1_EPIMERASE, 1 hit |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | GALM_RAT | |
Accessioni | Q66HG4Primary (citable) accession number: Q66HG4 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | May 10, 2005 |
Last sequence update: | October 11, 2004 | |
Last modified: | September 29, 2021 | |
This is version 111 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteomeDocuments
- PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families