UniProtKB - Q4WMJ7 (GLIP_ASPFU)
Nonribosomal peptide synthetase gliP
gliP
Functioni
Nonribosomal peptide synthetase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of gliotoxin, a member of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of toxins characterized by a disulfide-bridged cyclic dipeptide (PubMed:15979823, PubMed:16757745, PubMed:16956378, PubMed:21612254).
The first step in gliotoxin biosynthesis is the condensation of serine and phenylalanine to form the cyclo-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine diketopiperazine (DKP) by the NRPS gliP (PubMed:17154540, PubMed:21612254).
GliP is also able to produce the DKP cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-serine, suggesting that the substrate specificity of the first adenylation (A) domain in gliP is sufficiently relaxed to accommodate both L-Phe and L-Trp (PubMed:23434416).
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gliC has been shown to catalyze the subsequent hydroxylation of the alpha-carbon of L-Phe in cyclo-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine whereas the second cytochrome P450 enzyme, gliF, is presumably involved in the modification of the DKP side chain (PubMed:24039048, PubMed:23434416).
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gliG then forms a bis-glutathionylated biosynthetic intermediate which is responsible for the sulfurization of gliotoxin (PubMed:21513890, PubMed:21749092).
This bis-glutathionylated intermediate is subsequently processed by the gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase gliK to remove both gamma-glutamyl moieties (PubMed:22903976, PubMed:24039048).
Subsequent processing via gliI yields a biosynthetic intermediate, which is N-methylated via the N-methyltransferase gliN, before the gliotoxin oxidoreductase gliT-mediated disulfide bridge closure (PubMed:20548963, PubMed:22936680, PubMed:24039048, PubMed:25062268).
GliN-mediated amide methylation confers stability to ETP, damping the spontaneous formation of tri- and tetrasulfides (PubMed:25062268).
Intracellular dithiol gliotoxin oxidized by gliT is subsequently effluxed by gliA (PubMed:26150413).
Gliotoxin contributes to pathogenesis during invasive aspergillosis (PubMed:17601876, PubMed:18199036).
In macrophages and neutrophils, gliotoxin showed inhibition of various different cell functions including cytokine production, antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen species (PubMed:17601876).
14 PublicationsKineticsi
- KM=51 µM for L-phenylalanine1 Publication
: Mycotoxin biosynthesis Pathwayi
This protein is involved in Mycotoxin biosynthesis.1 PublicationView all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in Mycotoxin biosynthesis.
GO - Molecular functioni
- ligase activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- phosphopantetheine binding Source: GO_Central
GO - Biological processi
- amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process Source: GO_Central
- gliotoxin biosynthetic process Source: AspGD
- mycotoxin biosynthetic process Source: AspGD
- nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process Source: AspGD
- secondary metabolic process Source: AspGD
- secondary metabolite biosynthetic process Source: GO_Central
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Ligase |
Biological process | Virulence |
Enzyme and pathway databases
SABIO-RKi | Q4WMJ7 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Nonribosomal peptide synthetase gliP1 Publication (EC:6.3.2.-1 Publication)Short name: NRPS gliP1 Publication Alternative name(s): Gliotoxin biosynthesis protein P1 Publication |
Gene namesi | Name:gliP1 Publication Synonyms:NRPS101 Publication, pesK1 Publication ORF Names:AFUA_6G09660 |
Organismi | Neosartorya fumigata (strain ATCC MYA-4609 / Af293 / CBS 101355 / FGSC A1100) (Aspergillus fumigatus) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 330879 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › Pezizomycotina › Eurotiomycetes › Eurotiomycetidae › Eurotiales › Aspergillaceae › Aspergillus › Aspergillus subgen. Fumigati › |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
VEuPathDBi | FungiDB:Afu6g09660 |
Pathology & Biotechi
Disruption phenotypei
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 204 | D → A: Impairs activation of L-phenylalanine. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 555 | S → A: Impairs loading of L-phenylalanine and formation of the dipeptide. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 1245 | D → A: Impairs activation of L-serine. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 1582 | S → A: Impairs loading of L-serine and formation of the dipeptide. 1 Publication | 1 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000416551 | 1 – 2135 | Nonribosomal peptide synthetase gliPAdd BLAST | 2135 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 555 | O-(pantetheine 4'-phosphoryl)serinePROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 1582 | O-(pantetheine 4'-phosphoryl)serinePROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 2095 | O-(pantetheine 4'-phosphoryl)serinePROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
Phosphopantetheine, PhosphoproteinExpressioni
Inductioni
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 519 – 594 | Carrier 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 76 | |
Domaini | 1544 – 1622 | Carrier 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 79 | |
Domaini | 2061 – 2134 | Carrier 3PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 74 |
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 34 – 424 | Adenylation 1Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 391 | |
Regioni | 663 – 913 | Condensation 1Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 251 | |
Regioni | 1078 – 1458 | Adenylation 2Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 381 | |
Regioni | 1642 – 1905 | Condensation 2Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 264 |
Domaini
Sequence similaritiesi
Keywords - Domaini
RepeatPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1178, Eukaryota |
HOGENOMi | CLU_000022_0_5_1 |
InParanoidi | Q4WMJ7 |
OMAi | WTTPDNG |
OrthoDBi | 4243at2759 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.1200.10, 3 hits 3.30.300.30, 2 hits 3.30.559.10, 2 hits 3.40.50.12780, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR010071, AA_adenyl_domain IPR036736, ACP-like_sf IPR045851, AMP-bd_C_sf IPR020845, AMP-binding_CS IPR000873, AMP-dep_Synth/Lig IPR042099, ANL_N_sf IPR023213, CAT-like_dom_sf IPR001242, Condensatn IPR020806, PKS_PP-bd IPR009081, PP-bd_ACP IPR006162, Ppantetheine_attach_site |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00501, AMP-binding, 2 hits PF00668, Condensation, 2 hits PF00550, PP-binding, 3 hits |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00823, PKS_PP, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF47336, SSF47336, 3 hits |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR01733, AA-adenyl-dom, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00455, AMP_BINDING, 2 hits PS50075, CARRIER, 3 hits PS00012, PHOSPHOPANTETHEINE, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
10 20 30 40 50
MPSVVALDLC QLFDRSVART PHQLAVDHES GSLTYTELDV ASSNLARKLK
60 70 80 90 100
QEGVVPGEAV LLLTEHGTRN VVALLAILKA HACYVPLDRS SWSSERIQAV
110 120 130 140 150
LDGTDSRILI NTTVEPFESP RHKVIHLTSA DVTTLSTDRS TTKVIPDIAP
160 170 180 190 200
EDLACLIFTS GSTGVPKGVM IPHRAVANYA QTSPFNMDVQ PGDRVLHILS
210 220 230 240 250
VSFDASTGML FSILGNSGIV VPATMDTLFD KAQSCSILAS TPSILATLPL
260 270 280 290 300
PTALPDSYPY VHTILLGGES PPAPLLSSWL QFGVRILNAY GPTETTCASL
310 320 330 340 350
MQEVEVCQET GMINRSIIGR PMPNGPVYLL QPDTLLPVEE EGEEGEIAIA
360 370 380 390 400
GVGLAHGYYR NAALTAEKFI EWHGKRVYRT GDQGRWTRRN DGQRVVEFRG
410 420 430 440 450
RSDRTVKNRG FLVNLPADVE EPLRQMGFGV TDVYASLING LLVALVTPAT
460 470 480 490 500
ADLDGLQSEA DRRLSSFHRP GRYLAVDQFP LSANGKIDTK AIENMLKEYQ
510 520 530 540 550
ARLCEGTDDE ETTGGERPTE REQVIAECMY TALGLDLPSA SASKDFNFFA
560 570 580 590 600
MGGNSLAALR FTSLCRERGI LLTTRDLYLH PTVRGILPYA RDLAHSGLPL
610 620 630 640 650
PDKEEQIDHR LSLKAEVAAA LHLLGDIDVA PLTPLQLQLS APIFQSDGTN
660 670 680 690 700
TNQLRQSYPL ASAEHICNAW RQVVLSEPVF RTQIALDIGP GVQIVHAQPR
710 720 730 740 750
CQPQEITFHR REDYNAALSD PSRLPVGLGM RLEFMKFMPN DDDDDEGEVT
760 770 780 790 800
VVWTAHHSLI DGYSLGLILA RVQQASQGVA SSRVSSFVDA AWNLLSVQKQ
810 820 830 840 850
RDTEARRFWE QYLQPVRSLT KAEATTTPVA RPYLAQEVLF KHVGGVDELH
860 870 880 890 900
RLASSCSVTL AAVYYTAWAM TIARTTKSTL VTLGVVFSGR EILPDDAQAV
910 920 930 940 950
GPLMATLPLV CRIDGEASIE RQLQTTFEGL ATISTYAWSA PDQIGYRVDS
960 970 980 990 1000
LLATQYDFPT YDQPIPPQKE QFFENTTFAL SLLVEADARF RLVYNPSVHG
1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
EQTVQQYADT FQQALQALVG DSTMEAWLTG PTKAPLAVDQ ASDIQHVNVP
1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
NVASAFYASV DLHKDLIAVD GPGGTLPYRE LDQKSNAVAS HIAKHFSRAQ
1110 1120 1130 1140 1150
VIAIHADGTL NWVVGILGIL KAGCAYCPLD PAYPIARRVA VYEQSGASAL
1160 1170 1180 1190 1200
LIPNACSSSA ALLPITDLRV FTIQETETSD TSRQPSLLAN ANEDALIVFT
1210 1220 1230 1240 1250
SGTTGRPKGV PISHRGLLAL QSNPEATMFS RPGRRIAQFM SPAFDYCANE
1260 1270 1280 1290 1300
IFSALLHGGT LVLRDPSDPL AHLAKVDVST ITPSVLSVLN PDDYPNLDMV
1310 1320 1330 1340 1350
YATGEPVTPG LLARWGEGRA FYNAYGPAEC SICTSFTRLE PGQQVTIGNA
1360 1370 1380 1390 1400
VRTARMYILD PDLQPVSDGQ TGEIFLAGQQ VMRGYVGDDA KTAYSVLPDP
1410 1420 1430 1440 1450
WHPGERMYRT GDYGYWNADR QIVYIGRLDR QVKIRGFRVE LAAVEQKMYQ
1460 1470 1480 1490 1500
EEPRLTQAAA LVVNDTLVAF VMPLDVDVSR LEQRLRESLQ PSWVPQVITA
1510 1520 1530 1540 1550
LEEFPWTANR KVDYRKLAER ATLTRPEDSL PQQKTPAGMT AKDASIADGI
1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
ATLWKNVLRL QAGGGSRKLC EDDDFRALGG HSVLQMMLAA RLGSTFGISV
1610 1620 1630 1640 1650
SMRDVIEHST LAEQVELVRR KRQASTAKPR TICDAFPDHC LSPLERQTWF
1660 1670 1680 1690 1700
QYLIAADVRT FNIPVLLHLG GTFDRDRLVQ SFNAVLASRK IFRTNFVETS
1710 1720 1730 1740 1750
LGPCRIFRDT PPRVLVCDGA LDTTKEIDRS FDLARDELIR VFLDRRTLLV
1760 1770 1780 1790 1800
VTSHAVADLN SVQNLLQDVS GVYAGRTTPT PDRWHYPRAP AWSRQATEQE
1810 1820 1830 1840 1850
RKFWSKYLEG APQRLDIPRY PGQMAFEGRS RVSEFKGDLV RRAVTLGQEH
1860 1870 1880 1890 1900
GLSQHQLVCA AVAQTLQWLA GSNDVVLGSP WANRGHTVEQ ESMGLFLDRL
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
PLRFKTPVNA DCATILQSTR AASQAAVCNS IPFEQVLNLL HLPRTIRQHP
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
LFEAMVTFHL KGAVEDCLAI EGLEVKREMC FASGAKFLLM FEWTEIEADH
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
WTLRIEYDDH QLDDATVTTI EDSIRCVLEG LADRLSRAAI HERLNAMHKT
2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
ARTKVDWNFY RRLVGILQRE MATCLGVSLD EFPCSVSFFE AGGDSIQAWR
2110 2120 2130
LSRQLKRVGL EVPICNIFDH PTAQDLAQRL YRQVL
Sequence cautioni
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AY838877 Genomic DNA Translation: AAW03307.1 Sequence problems. DQ457015 mRNA Translation: ABE60889.1 AAHF01000006 Genomic DNA Translation: EAL88817.1 |
RefSeqi | XP_750855.1, XM_745762.1 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblFungii | EAL88817; EAL88817; AFUA_6G09660 |
GeneIDi | 3508160 |
KEGGi | afm:AFUA_6G09660 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AY838877 Genomic DNA Translation: AAW03307.1 Sequence problems. DQ457015 mRNA Translation: ABE60889.1 AAHF01000006 Genomic DNA Translation: EAL88817.1 |
RefSeqi | XP_750855.1, XM_745762.1 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | Q4WMJ7 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 746128.CADAFUBP00007375 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblFungii | EAL88817; EAL88817; AFUA_6G09660 |
GeneIDi | 3508160 |
KEGGi | afm:AFUA_6G09660 |
Organism-specific databases
VEuPathDBi | FungiDB:Afu6g09660 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1178, Eukaryota |
HOGENOMi | CLU_000022_0_5_1 |
InParanoidi | Q4WMJ7 |
OMAi | WTTPDNG |
OrthoDBi | 4243at2759 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
SABIO-RKi | Q4WMJ7 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.1200.10, 3 hits 3.30.300.30, 2 hits 3.30.559.10, 2 hits 3.40.50.12780, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR010071, AA_adenyl_domain IPR036736, ACP-like_sf IPR045851, AMP-bd_C_sf IPR020845, AMP-binding_CS IPR000873, AMP-dep_Synth/Lig IPR042099, ANL_N_sf IPR023213, CAT-like_dom_sf IPR001242, Condensatn IPR020806, PKS_PP-bd IPR009081, PP-bd_ACP IPR006162, Ppantetheine_attach_site |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00501, AMP-binding, 2 hits PF00668, Condensation, 2 hits PF00550, PP-binding, 3 hits |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00823, PKS_PP, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF47336, SSF47336, 3 hits |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR01733, AA-adenyl-dom, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00455, AMP_BINDING, 2 hits PS50075, CARRIER, 3 hits PS00012, PHOSPHOPANTETHEINE, 1 hit |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | GLIP_ASPFU | |
Accessioni | Q4WMJ7Primary (citable) accession number: Q4WMJ7 Secondary accession number(s): Q1PBG5, Q5MBT9 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 18, 2012 |
Last sequence update: | July 5, 2005 | |
Last modified: | February 23, 2022 | |
This is version 115 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Fungal Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families