Transcription factor AP-2 gamma

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• DNA binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Transcription factor AP-2gamma regulates murine adenosine deaminase gene expression during placental development."
    Shi D., Kellems R.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 273:27331-27338(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A family of AP-2 proteins down-regulate manganese superoxide dismutase expression."
    Zhu C.H., Huang Y., Oberley L.W., Domann F.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:14407-14413(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Transcription factor AP-2gamma regulates murine adenosine deaminase gene expression during placental development."
    Shi D., Kellems R.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 273:27331-27338(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Characterization of the molecularly cloned murine alpha-globin transcription factor CP2."
    Lim L.C., Fang L., Swendeman S.L., Sheffery M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 268:18008-18017(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A family of AP-2 proteins down-regulate manganese superoxide dismutase expression."
    Zhu C.H., Huang Y., Oberley L.W., Domann F.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:14407-14413(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein dimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differential regulation of estrogen receptor alpha expression in breast cancer cells by metastasis-associated protein 1."
    Kang H.J., Lee M.H., Kang H.L., Kim S.H., Ahn J.R., Na H., Na T.Y., Kim Y.N., Seong J.K., Lee M.O.
    Cancer Res. 74:1484-1494(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Examination of transcriptional networks reveals an important role for TCFAP2C, SMARCA4, and EOMES in trophoblast stem cell maintenance."
    Kidder B.L., Palmer S.
    Genome Res. 20:458-472(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• cell differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor gene AP-2 gamma essential for early murine development."
    Werling U., Schorle H.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:3149-3156(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cerebral cortex development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP2gamma regulates basal progenitor fate in a region- and layer-specific manner in the developing cortex."
    Pinto L., Drechsel D., Schmid M.T., Ninkovic J., Irmler M., Brill M.S., Restani L., Gianfranceschi L., Cerri C., Weber S.N., Tarabykin V., Baer K., Guillemot F., Beckers J., Zecevic N., Dehay C., Caleo M., Schorle H., Gotz M.
    Nat. Neurosci. 12:1229-1237(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Loss of transcription factor AP-2gamma/TFAP2C impairs branching morphogenesis of the murine mammary gland."
    Jager R., Schafer S., Hau-Liersch M., Schorle H.
    Dev. Dyn. 239:1027-1033(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Loss of transcription factor AP-2gamma/TFAP2C impairs branching morphogenesis of the murine mammary gland."
    Jager R., Schafer S., Hau-Liersch M., Schorle H.
    Dev. Dyn. 239:1027-1033(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• forebrain neuron fate commitment Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP2gamma regulates basal progenitor fate in a region- and layer-specific manner in the developing cortex."
    Pinto L., Drechsel D., Schmid M.T., Ninkovic J., Irmler M., Brill M.S., Restani L., Gianfranceschi L., Cerri C., Weber S.N., Tarabykin V., Baer K., Guillemot F., Beckers J., Zecevic N., Dehay C., Caleo M., Schorle H., Gotz M.
    Nat. Neurosci. 12:1229-1237(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• germ-line stem cell population maintenance Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Critical function of AP-2 gamma/TCFAP2C in mouse embryonic germ cell maintenance."
    Weber S., Eckert D., Nettersheim D., Gillis A.J., Schafer S., Kuckenberg P., Ehlermann J., Werling U., Biermann K., Looijenga L.H., Schorle H.
    Biol. Reprod. 82:214-223(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hair follicle development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Pasolli H.A., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 183:37-48(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• keratinocyte development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Pasolli H.A., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 183:37-48(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• male gonad development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Developmental changes in human fetal testicular cell numbers and messenger ribonucleic acid levels during the second trimester."
    O'Shaughnessy P.J., Baker P.J., Monteiro A., Cassie S., Bhattacharya S., Fowler P.A.
    J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92:4792-4801(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Regulation of Hoxa2 in cranial neural crest cells involves members of the AP-2 family."
    Maconochie M., Krishnamurthy R., Nonchev S., Meier P., Manzanares M., Mitchell P.J., Krumlauf R.
    Development 126:1483-1494(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cardiac malformations, adrenal agenesis, neural crest defects and exencephaly in mice lacking Cited2, a new Tfap2 co-activator."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Eloranta J.J., Murdoch J.N., Marques F.I., Kranc K.R., Farza H., Henderson D.J., Hurst H.C., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 29:469-474(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "AP2gamma regulates basal progenitor fate in a region- and layer-specific manner in the developing cortex."
    Pinto L., Drechsel D., Schmid M.T., Ninkovic J., Irmler M., Brill M.S., Restani L., Gianfranceschi L., Cerri C., Weber S.N., Tarabykin V., Baer K., Guillemot F., Beckers J., Zecevic N., Dehay C., Caleo M., Schorle H., Gotz M.
    Nat. Neurosci. 12:1229-1237(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "CITED2 mutation links congenital heart defects to dysregulation of the cardiac gene VEGF and PITX2C expression."
    Li Q., Pan H., Guan L., Su D., Ma X.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 423:895-899(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Characterization of the molecularly cloned murine alpha-globin transcription factor CP2."
    Lim L.C., Fang L., Swendeman S.L., Sheffery M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 268:18008-18017(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of epidermis development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Disruption of epidermal specific gene expression and delayed skin development in AP-2 gamma mutant mice."
    Guttormsen J., Koster M.I., Stevens J.R., Roop D.R., Williams T., Winger Q.A.
    Dev. Biol. 317:187-195(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of gene expression, epigenetic Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differential regulation of estrogen receptor alpha expression in breast cancer cells by metastasis-associated protein 1."
    Kang H.J., Lee M.H., Kang H.L., Kim S.H., Ahn J.R., Na H., Na T.Y., Kim Y.N., Seong J.K., Lee M.O.
    Cancer Res. 74:1484-1494(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2gamma regulates murine adenosine deaminase gene expression during placental development."
    Shi D., Kellems R.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 273:27331-27338(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sebaceous gland development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Pasolli H.A., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 183:37-48(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• skin development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Pasolli H.A., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 183:37-48(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• somatic stem cell population maintenance Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The transcription factor TCFAP2C/AP-2gamma cooperates with CDX2 to maintain trophectoderm formation."
    Kuckenberg P., Buhl S., Woynecki T., van Furden B., Tolkunova E., Seiffe F., Moser M., Tomilin A., Winterhager E., Schorle H.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 30:3310-3320(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• stem cell population maintenance Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Examination of transcriptional networks reveals an important role for TCFAP2C, SMARCA4, and EOMES in trophoblast stem cell maintenance."
    Kidder B.L., Palmer S.
    Genome Res. 20:458-472(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• trophectodermal cell differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The transcription factor TCFAP2C/AP-2gamma cooperates with CDX2 to maintain trophectoderm formation."
    Kuckenberg P., Buhl S., Woynecki T., van Furden B., Tolkunova E., Seiffe F., Moser M., Tomilin A., Winterhager E., Schorle H.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 30:3310-3320(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• protein dimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Compositional bias

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MLWKITDNVK YEEDCEDRHD ASSNGNPRIP HLSSAGQHLY SPAPPLSHTG 
        60         70         80         90        100
VAEYQPPPYF PPPYQQLAYS QSADHYSHLG EAYAAAINPL HQPAPTGSQQ 
       110        120        130        140        150
QAWPGRQSQE GSSLASHHGR SAGLIPHISG LEGSAVSSRR EAYRRSDLLL 
       160        170        180        190        200
PHAHALEAAG LAENLGLHEM AHPIEEVQNV DDPHLLLHDQ TVIRKGPISM 
       210        220        230        240        250
TKNPLGLPCQ KDLVGAVMNP SEVFCSVPGR LSLLSSTSKY KVTVAEVQRR 
       260        270        280        290        300
LSPPECLNAS LLGGVLRRAK SKNGGRSLRE KLDKIGLNLP AGRRKAAHVT 
       310        320        330        340        350
LLTSLVEGEA VHLARDFAYV CEAEFPSKAV ADYLTRPHLG GRNEMAARKS 
       360        370        380        390        400
VLLAAQQVCK EFTDLLHQDR TPNGNSRPTP VLETNIQNCL SHFSLITHGF 
       410        420        430        440        450
GSQAICAAVS AVQNYIKEAL ITIDKSYMNP GEQSPADSNK TMEKMEKHRK 

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Technical termⁱ