GNA13

Functionⁱ

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems (PubMed:15240885, PubMed:16787920, PubMed:16705036, PubMed:27084452). Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (PubMed:15240885, PubMed:12515866). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (PubMed:16787920, PubMed:16705036, PubMed:27084452). Inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion in process independent from Rho activation (PubMed:11976333).By similarity6 Publications

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Metal bindingⁱ	62	MagnesiumBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	173	GTPBy similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	203	MagnesiumBy similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	222	MagnesiumBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	349	GTP; via amide nitrogenBy similarity	1

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Nucleotide bindingⁱ	58 – 63	GTPBy similarity	6
Nucleotide bindingⁱ	197 – 200	GTPBy similarity	4
Nucleotide bindingⁱ	291 – 294	GTPBy similarity	4

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

D5 dopamine receptor binding Source: GO_Central
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding Source: GO_Central
GTPase activity Source: GO_Central
GTP binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Source: Reactome
metal ion binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Source: Reactome
type 1 angiotensin receptor binding Source: GO_Central

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

activation of phospholipase D activity Source: GO_Central
adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: GO_Central
adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
in utero embryonic development Source: Ensembl
platelet activation Source: Reactome
positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: Reactome
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: Ensembl
regulation of cell migration Source: Ensembl
regulation of cell shape Source: Ensembl
regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction Source: Reactome
Rho protein signal transduction Source: GO_Central
signal transduction
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 7791744

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Transducer
Ligand	GTP-binding, Magnesium, Metal-binding, Nucleotide-binding

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-193648 NRAGE signals death through JNK R-HSA-194840 Rho GTPase cycle R-HSA-416482 G alpha (12/13) signalling events R-HSA-428930 Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor R-HSA-456926 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
SignaLinkⁱ	Q14344
SIGNORⁱ	Q14344

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 Short name: G alpha-13 Short name: G-protein subunit alpha-13
Gene namesⁱ	Name:GNA13
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 17

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000120063.9
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:4381 GNA13
MIMⁱ	604406 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q14344

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Membrane, Nucleus

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	14	C → S: Fails to localize to plasma membranes and failed to activate Rho-dependent serum response factor-mediated transcription and actin stress fiber formation. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	18	C → S: Fails to localize to plasma membranes and failed to activate Rho-dependent serum response factor-mediated transcription and actin stress fiber formation. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	203	T → A: Abolishes phosphorylation by PKA; disrupts heterotrimer stability. 1 Publication	1

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	10672
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000120063
PharmGKBⁱ	PA28766

Polymorphism and mutation databases

DMDMⁱ	38258936

DMDMⁱ

38258936

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000203773	1 – 377	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13Add BLAST		377

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Lipidationⁱ	14	S-palmitoyl cysteine1 Publication	1
Lipidationⁱ	18	S-palmitoyl cysteine1 Publication	1
Modified residueⁱ	203	Phosphothreonine; by PKA1 Publication	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Palmitoylation is critical for proper membrane localization and signaling.1 Publication

Phosphorylation on Thr-203 by PKA destabilizes the heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma, and inhibits Rho activation.1 Publication

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	Q14344
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	Q14344
PaxDbⁱ	Q14344
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q14344
PRIDEⁱ	Q14344
ProteomicsDBⁱ	59969

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q14344
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q14344
SwissPalmⁱ	Q14344

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Expressed in testis, including in Leydig cells and in the seminiferous epithelium, in differentiating cells from the spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa stages and round spermatids (at protein level). Expressed in 99.2% of spermatozoa from healthy individuals, but only in 28.6% of macrocephalic spermatozoa from infertile patients (at protein level).1 Publication

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000120063 Expressed in 219 organ(s), highest expression level in blood
CleanExⁱ	HS_GNA13
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q14344 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q14344 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	HPA010087

HPAⁱ

HPA010087

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma (PubMed:12399457). The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site (By similarity). Interacts with UBXD5 (PubMed:16202387). Interacts with HAX1 (PubMed:15339924). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with PPP5C (via TPR repeats); activates PPP5C phosphatase activity and translocates PPP5C to the cell membrane. Interacts with RGS22 (PubMed:18703424). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with ARHGEF1 (PubMed:10747909). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with ARHGEF11 (via RGS domain) (PubMed:10026210). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with ARHGEF12 (via RGS domain) (PubMed:11094164). Interacts with CTNND1 (PubMed:15240885).By similarity8 Publications

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ARHGEF1	Q92888	3	EBI-465387,EBI-465400
CXCR5	P32302	9	EBI-465387,EBI-2835269

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

D5 dopamine receptor binding Source: GO_Central
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Source: Reactome
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Source: Reactome
type 1 angiotensin receptor binding Source: GO_Central

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	115914, 71 interactors
CORUMⁱ	Q14344
IntActⁱ	Q14344, 11 interactors
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	Q14344
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000400717

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q14344
SMRⁱ	Q14344
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(12) subfamily.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG0082 Eukaryota ENOG410XNVQ LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000118851
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000038729
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG063184
InParanoidⁱ	Q14344
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K04639
OMAⁱ	CFPGCVL
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0NV2
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q14344
TreeFamⁱ	TF300673

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database More...CDDⁱ	cd00066 G-alpha, 1 hit
Gene3Dⁱ	1.10.400.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000469 Gprotein_alpha_12/13 IPR001019 Gprotein_alpha_su IPR011025 GproteinA_insert IPR027417 P-loop_NTPase
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR10218 PTHR10218, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00503 G-alpha, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00318 GPROTEINA PR00440 GPROTEINA12
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00275 G_alpha, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47895 SSF47895, 1 hit SSF52540 SSF52540, 2 hits

Sequences (2)ⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry describes 2 isoformsⁱ produced by alternative splicing. Align Add to basket

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q14344-1) [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MADFLPSRSV LSVCFPGCLL TSGEAEQQRK SKEIDKCLSR EKTYVKRLVK 
        60         70         80         90        100
ILLLGAGESG KSTFLKQMRI IHGQDFDQRA REEFRPTIYS NVIKGMRVLV 
       110        120        130        140        150
DAREKLHIPW GDNSNQQHGD KMMSFDTRAP MAAQGMVETR VFLQYLPAIR 
       160        170        180        190        200
ALWADSGIQN AYDRRREFQL GESVKYFLDN LDKLGEPDYI PSQQDILLAR 
       210        220        230        240        250
RPTKGIHEYD FEIKNVPFKM VDVGGQRSER KRWFECFDSV TSILFLVSSS 
       260        270        280        290        300
EFDQVLMEDR LTNRLTESLN IFETIVNNRV FSNVSIILFL NKTDLLEEKV 
       310        320        330        340        350
QIVSIKDYFL EFEGDPHCLR DVQKFLVECF RNKRRDQQQK PLYHHFTTAI 
       360        370 
NTENIRLVFR DVKDTILHDN LKQLMLQ

Length:377

Mass (Da):44,050

Last modified:October 31, 2003 - v2

Checksum:ⁱ929B7B6473C54F2E

GO

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q14344-2) [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
1-95: Missing.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MRVLVDAREK LHIPWGDNSN QQHGDKMMSF DTRAPMAAQG MVETRVFLQY 
        60         70         80         90        100
LPAIRALWAD SGIQNAYDRR REFQLGESVK YFLDNLDKLG EPDYIPSQQD 
       110        120        130        140        150
ILLARRPTKG IHEYDFEIKN VPFKMVDVGG QRSERKRWFE CFDSVTSILF 
       160        170        180        190        200
LVSSSEFDQV LMEDRLTNRL TESLNIFETI VNNRVFSNVS IILFLNKTDL 
       210        220        230        240        250
LEEKVQIVSI KDYFLEFEGD PHCLRDVQKF LVECFRNKRR DQQQKPLYHH 
       260        270        280 
FTTAINTENI RLVFRDVKDT ILHDNLKQLM LQ

Show »

Length:282

Mass (Da):33,287

Checksum:ⁱE32B6298504794BB

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	211	F → L in BAH13696 (PubMed:14702039).Curated		1

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_017160	221	V → L1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1062597Ensembl.		1

Alternative sequence

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Alternative sequenceⁱVSP_055140	1 – 95	Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST		95

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	L22075 mRNA Translation: AAA74235.1 AF493902 mRNA Translation: AAM12616.1 AK302400 mRNA Translation: BAH13696.1 AK313672 mRNA Translation: BAG36424.1 AC037487 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471099 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW88993.1 BC036756 mRNA Translation: AAH36756.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS11661.1 [Q14344-1] CCDS62302.1 [Q14344-2]
PIRⁱ	I57490
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_001269354.1, NM_001282425.1 [Q14344-2] NP_006563.2, NM_006572.5 [Q14344-1]
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.515018

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000439174; ENSP00000400717; ENSG00000120063 [Q14344-1] ENST00000541118; ENSP00000439647; ENSG00000120063 [Q14344-2]
GeneIDⁱ	10672
KEGGⁱ	hsa:10672
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc002jfc.4 human [Q14344-1]

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Alternative splicing, Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q14344	Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13, isoform CRA_a		HUMAN		377	UniRef100_Q14344
G protein subunit alpha 13		MACMU		377
Uncharacterized protein		CERAT		377
Uncharacterized protein		PAPAN		377
Uncharacterized protein		CHLSB		377
+11

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q14344	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13	)	MOUSE		377	UniRef90_Q14344
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13		RAT		377
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13, isoform CRA_a		HUMAN		377
G protein subunit alpha 13		MACMU		377
Uncharacterized protein		CERAT		377
+151

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q14344	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13		RAT		377	UniRef50_Q14344
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13	)	MOUSE		377
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13, isoform CRA_a		HUMAN		377
G protein subunit alpha 13		MACMU		377
Uncharacterized protein		CERAT		377
+219

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	L22075 mRNA Translation: AAA74235.1 AF493902 mRNA Translation: AAM12616.1 AK302400 mRNA Translation: BAH13696.1 AK313672 mRNA Translation: BAG36424.1 AC037487 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471099 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW88993.1 BC036756 mRNA Translation: AAH36756.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS11661.1 [Q14344-1] CCDS62302.1 [Q14344-2]
PIRⁱ	I57490
RefSeqⁱ	NP_001269354.1, NM_001282425.1 [Q14344-2] NP_006563.2, NM_006572.5 [Q14344-1]
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.515018

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q14344
SMRⁱ	Q14344
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	115914, 71 interactors
CORUMⁱ	Q14344
IntActⁱ	Q14344, 11 interactors
MINTⁱ	Q14344
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000400717

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q14344
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q14344
SwissPalmⁱ	Q14344

Polymorphism and mutation databases

DMDMⁱ	38258936

DMDMⁱ

38258936

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	Q14344
MaxQBⁱ	Q14344
PaxDbⁱ	Q14344
PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q14344
PRIDEⁱ	Q14344
ProteomicsDBⁱ	59969

Protocols and materials databases

The DNASU plasmid repository More...DNASUⁱ	10672
Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000439174; ENSP00000400717; ENSG00000120063 [Q14344-1] ENST00000541118; ENSP00000439647; ENSG00000120063 [Q14344-2]
GeneIDⁱ	10672
KEGGⁱ	hsa:10672
UCSCⁱ	uc002jfc.4 human [Q14344-1]

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	10672
DisGeNETⁱ	10672
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000120063.9
GeneCardsⁱ	GNA13
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:4381 GNA13
HPAⁱ	HPA010087
MIMⁱ	604406 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_Q14344
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000120063
PharmGKBⁱ	PA28766
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG0082 Eukaryota ENOG410XNVQ LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000118851
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000038729
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG063184
InParanoidⁱ	Q14344
KOⁱ	K04639
OMAⁱ	CFPGCVL
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0NV2
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q14344
TreeFamⁱ	TF300673

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-193648 NRAGE signals death through JNK R-HSA-194840 Rho GTPase cycle R-HSA-416482 G alpha (12/13) signalling events R-HSA-428930 Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor R-HSA-456926 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
SignaLinkⁱ	Q14344
SIGNORⁱ	Q14344

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	GNA13 human
GeneWikiⁱ	GNA13
GenomeRNAiⁱ	10672
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:Q14344
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000120063 Expressed in 219 organ(s), highest expression level in blood
CleanExⁱ	HS_GNA13
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q14344 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	Q14344 HS

Family and domain databases

CDDⁱ	cd00066 G-alpha, 1 hit
Gene3Dⁱ	1.10.400.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000469 Gprotein_alpha_12/13 IPR001019 Gprotein_alpha_su IPR011025 GproteinA_insert IPR027417 P-loop_NTPase
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR10218 PTHR10218, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00503 G-alpha, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00318 GPROTEINA PR00440 GPROTEINA12
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00275 G_alpha, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47895 SSF47895, 1 hit SSF52540 SSF52540, 2 hits
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	GNA13_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	Q14344Primary (citable) accession number: Q14344 Secondary accession number(s): B2R977 , B7Z7R0, F5H1G8, Q8TD70
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
	Last sequence update:	October 31, 2003
	Last modified:	October 10, 2018
	This is version 175 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
Human chromosome 17
Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

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Help

UniRef

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Supporting data

UniProtKB - Q14344 (GNA13_HUMAN)

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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Sites

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Plasma membrane

Nucleus

Other locations

Cytosol

Extracellular region or secreted

Nucleus

Plasma Membrane

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ