Interleukin-18

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18."
    Kato Z., Jee J., Shikano H., Mishima M., Ohki I., Ohnishi H., Li A., Hashimoto K., Matsukuma E., Omoya K., Yamamoto Y., Yoneda T., Hara T., Kondo N., Shirakawa M.
    Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:966-971(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 37-193, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-40; LEU-41; LYS-44; ARG-49; ASP-53; MET-69; ASP-71; ARG-94; MET-96; LYS-115; LYS-120; ASP-134; ARG-140 AND ASP-168.
  • Ref.15

    "The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18."
    Tsutsumi N., Kimura T., Arita K., Ariyoshi M., Ohnishi H., Yamamoto T., Zuo X., Maenaka K., Park E.Y., Kondo N., Shirakawa M., Tochio H., Kato Z.
    Nat. Commun. 5:5340-5340(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.33 ANGSTROMS) OF 37-193, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-144; HIS-145; ASP-146; LYS-148; ARG-183 AND MET-186, SUBUNIT.
• interleukin-18 receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18."
    Kato Z., Jee J., Shikano H., Mishima M., Ohki I., Ohnishi H., Li A., Hashimoto K., Matsukuma E., Omoya K., Yamamoto Y., Yoneda T., Hara T., Kondo N., Shirakawa M.
    Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:966-971(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 37-193, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-40; LEU-41; LYS-44; ARG-49; ASP-53; MET-69; ASP-71; ARG-94; MET-96; LYS-115; LYS-120; ASP-134; ARG-140 AND ASP-168.
  • Ref.15

    "The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18."
    Tsutsumi N., Kimura T., Arita K., Ariyoshi M., Ohnishi H., Yamamoto T., Zuo X., Maenaka K., Park E.Y., Kondo N., Shirakawa M., Tochio H., Kato Z.
    Nat. Commun. 5:5340-5340(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.33 ANGSTROMS) OF 37-193, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-144; HIS-145; ASP-146; LYS-148; ARG-183 AND MET-186, SUBUNIT.

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of protein kinase B activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18/WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 signaling mediates human saphenous vein smooth muscle cell proliferation."
    Reddy V.S., Valente A.J., Delafontaine P., Chandrasekar B.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 226:3303-3315(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• angiogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Evidence of IL-18 as a novel angiogenic mediator."
    Park C.C., Morel J.C., Amin M.A., Connors M.A., Harlow L.A., Koch A.E.
    J. Immunol. 167:1644-1653(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell signaling Source: ProtInc <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Cloning of a novel receptor subunit, AcPL, required for interleukin-18 signaling."
    Born T.L., Thomassen E., Bird T.A., Sims J.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 273:29445-29450(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to organic cyclic compound Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chemokine biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18 induces rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast CXC chemokine production through NFkappaB activation."
    Morel J.C., Park C.C., Kumar P., Koch A.E.
    Lab. Invest. 81:1371-1383(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.10

    "IL-12 synergizes with IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma production from human T cells."
    Tominaga K., Yoshimoto T., Torigoe K., Kurimoto M., Matsui K., Hada T., Okamura H., Nakanishi K.
    Int. Immunol. 12:151-160(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• inflammatory response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interferon-gamma biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "IL-18 is a potent coinducer of IL-13 in NK and T cells: a new potential role for IL-18 in modulating the immune response."
    Hoshino T., Wiltrout R.H., Young H.A.
    J. Immunol. 162:5070-5077(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-13 biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "IL-18 is a potent coinducer of IL-13 in NK and T cells: a new potential role for IL-18 in modulating the immune response."
    Hoshino T., Wiltrout R.H., Young H.A.
    J. Immunol. 162:5070-5077(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18."
    Tsutsumi N., Kimura T., Arita K., Ariyoshi M., Ohnishi H., Yamamoto T., Zuo X., Maenaka K., Park E.Y., Kondo N., Shirakawa M., Tochio H., Kato Z.
    Nat. Commun. 5:5340-5340(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.33 ANGSTROMS) OF 37-193, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-144; HIS-145; ASP-146; LYS-148; ARG-183 AND MET-186, SUBUNIT.
• interleukin-2 biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.10

    "IL-12 synergizes with IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma production from human T cells."
    Tominaga K., Yoshimoto T., Torigoe K., Kurimoto M., Matsui K., Hada T., Okamura H., Nakanishi K.
    Int. Immunol. 12:151-160(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• interleukin-6 production Source: Ensembl
• lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• MAPK cascade Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• natural killer cell activation Source: Ensembl
• natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: Ensembl
• neutrophil activation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interferon-gamma-inducing factor enhances T helper 1 cytokine production by stimulated human T cells: synergism with interleukin-12 for interferon-gamma production."
    Micallef M.J., Ohtsuki T., Kohno K., Tanabe F., Ushio S., Namba M., Tanimoto T., Torigoe K., Fujii M., Ikeda M., Fukuda S., Kurimoto M.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1647-1651(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Source: YuBioLab <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity<br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Divergent responses to thermogenic stimuli in BAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue from interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 receptor 1-deficient mice."
    Pazos P., Lima L., Tovar S., Gonzalez-Touceda D., Dieguez C., Garcia M.C.
    Sci Rep 5:17977-17977(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Salmonella induced IL-23 and IL-1beta allow for IL-12 production by monocytes and Mphi1 through induction of IFN-gamma in CD56 NK/NK-like T cells."
    van de Wetering D., de Paus R.A., van Dissel J.T., van de Vosse E.
    PLoS ONE 4:e8396-e8396(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence<br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • "Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells."
    Hoeve M.A., Savage N.D., de Boer T., Langenberg D.M., de Waal Malefyt R., Ottenhoff T.H., Verreck F.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 36:661-670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.10

    "IL-12 synergizes with IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma production from human T cells."
    Tominaga K., Yoshimoto T., Torigoe K., Kurimoto M., Matsui K., Hada T., Okamura H., Nakanishi K.
    Int. Immunol. 12:151-160(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
  • Ref.13

    "The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18."
    Kato Z., Jee J., Shikano H., Mishima M., Ohki I., Ohnishi H., Li A., Hashimoto K., Matsukuma E., Omoya K., Yamamoto Y., Yoneda T., Hara T., Kondo N., Shirakawa M.
    Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:966-971(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 37-193, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-40; LEU-41; LYS-44; ARG-49; ASP-53; MET-69; ASP-71; ARG-94; MET-96; LYS-115; LYS-120; ASP-134; ARG-140 AND ASP-168.
• positive regulation of interleukin-17 production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells."
    Hoeve M.A., Savage N.D., de Boer T., Langenberg D.M., de Waal Malefyt R., Ottenhoff T.H., Verreck F.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 36:661-670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-23 modulates CD56+/CD3- NK cell and CD56+/CD3+ NK-like T cell function differentially from IL-12."
    van de Wetering D., de Paus R.A., van Dissel J.T., van de Vosse E.
    Int. Immunol. 21:145-153(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response Source: ARUK-UCLTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Role of TNF in mast cell neuroinflammation and pain."
    Gu Y., Yang D.K., Spinas E., Kritas S.K., Saggini A., Caraffa A., Antinolfi P., Saggini R., Conti P.
    J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 29:787-791(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18."
    Tsutsumi N., Kimura T., Arita K., Ariyoshi M., Ohnishi H., Yamamoto T., Zuo X., Maenaka K., Park E.Y., Kondo N., Shirakawa M., Tochio H., Kato Z.
    Nat. Commun. 5:5340-5340(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.33 ANGSTROMS) OF 37-193, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-144; HIS-145; ASP-146; LYS-148; ARG-183 AND MET-186, SUBUNIT.
• positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-23 modulates CD56+/CD3- NK cell and CD56+/CD3+ NK-like T cell function differentially from IL-12."
    van de Wetering D., de Paus R.A., van Dissel J.T., van de Vosse E.
    Int. Immunol. 21:145-153(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18/WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 signaling mediates human saphenous vein smooth muscle cell proliferation."
    Reddy V.S., Valente A.J., Delafontaine P., Chandrasekar B.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 226:3303-3315(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18/WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 signaling mediates human saphenous vein smooth muscle cell proliferation."
    Reddy V.S., Valente A.J., Delafontaine P., Chandrasekar B.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 226:3303-3315(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18/WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 signaling mediates human saphenous vein smooth muscle cell proliferation."
    Reddy V.S., Valente A.J., Delafontaine P., Chandrasekar B.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 226:3303-3315(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.10

    "IL-12 synergizes with IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma production from human T cells."
    Tominaga K., Yoshimoto T., Torigoe K., Kurimoto M., Matsui K., Hada T., Okamura H., Nakanishi K.
    Int. Immunol. 12:151-160(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of tissue remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred by curatorⁱ
  • "Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells."
    Hoeve M.A., Savage N.D., de Boer T., Langenberg D.M., de Waal Malefyt R., Ottenhoff T.H., Verreck F.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 36:661-670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18 may lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia via thrombospondin-1 production in prostatic smooth muscle cells."
    Hamakawa T., Sasaki S., Shibata Y., Imura M., Kubota Y., Kojima Y., Kohri K.
    Prostate 74:590-601(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein Source: CACAOInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-18 activates STAT3 in the natural killer cell line 92, augments cytotoxic activity, and mediates IFN-gamma production by the stress kinase p38 and by the extracellular regulated kinases p44erk-1 and p42erk-21."
    Kalina U., Kauschat D., Koyama N., Nuernberger H., Ballas K., Koschmieder S., Bug G., Hofmann W.K., Hoelzer D., Ottmann O.G.
    J. Immunol. 165:1307-1313(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell adhesion Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A novel role for interleukin-18 in adhesion molecule induction through NF kappa B and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent signal transduction pathways."
    Morel J.C., Park C.C., Woods J.M., Koch A.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:37069-37075(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sleep Source: UniProtKBInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Interleukin-18 promotes sleep in rabbits and rats."
    Kubota T., Fang J., Brown R.A., Krueger J.M.
    Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 281:R828-38(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• T-helper 1 cell cytokine production Source: Ensembl
• T-helper 1 type immune response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interferon-gamma-inducing factor enhances T helper 1 cytokine production by stimulated human T cells: synergism with interleukin-12 for interferon-gamma production."
    Micallef M.J., Ohtsuki T., Kohno K., Tanabe F., Ushio S., Namba M., Tanimoto T., Torigoe K., Fujii M., Ikeda M., Fukuda S., Kurimoto M.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1647-1651(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL
• type 2 immune response Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "[Regulation of Th1 and Th2 immune responses by IL-18]."
    Nakanishi K.
    Kekkaku 77:87-93(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18."
    Kato Z., Jee J., Shikano H., Mishima M., Ohki I., Ohnishi H., Li A., Hashimoto K., Matsukuma E., Omoya K., Yamamoto Y., Yoneda T., Hara T., Kondo N., Shirakawa M.
    Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:966-971(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 37-193, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-40; LEU-41; LYS-44; ARG-49; ASP-53; MET-69; ASP-71; ARG-94; MET-96; LYS-115; LYS-120; ASP-134; ARG-140 AND ASP-168.
  • Ref.15

    "The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18."
    Tsutsumi N., Kimura T., Arita K., Ariyoshi M., Ohnishi H., Yamamoto T., Zuo X., Maenaka K., Park E.Y., Kondo N., Shirakawa M., Tochio H., Kato Z.
    Nat. Commun. 5:5340-5340(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.33 ANGSTROMS) OF 37-193, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-144; HIS-145; ASP-146; LYS-148; ARG-183 AND MET-186, SUBUNIT.
• interleukin-18 receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18."
    Kato Z., Jee J., Shikano H., Mishima M., Ohki I., Ohnishi H., Li A., Hashimoto K., Matsukuma E., Omoya K., Yamamoto Y., Yoneda T., Hara T., Kondo N., Shirakawa M.
    Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:966-971(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 37-193, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-40; LEU-41; LYS-44; ARG-49; ASP-53; MET-69; ASP-71; ARG-94; MET-96; LYS-115; LYS-120; ASP-134; ARG-140 AND ASP-168.
  • Ref.15

    "The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18."
    Tsutsumi N., Kimura T., Arita K., Ariyoshi M., Ohnishi H., Yamamoto T., Zuo X., Maenaka K., Park E.Y., Kondo N., Shirakawa M., Tochio H., Kato Z.
    Nat. Commun. 5:5340-5340(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.33 ANGSTROMS) OF 37-193, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-144; HIS-145; ASP-146; LYS-148; ARG-183 AND MET-186, SUBUNIT.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MAAEPVEDNC INFVAMKFID NTLYFIAEDD ENLESDYFGK LESKLSVIRN 
        60         70         80         90        100
LNDQVLFIDQ GNRPLFEDMT DSDCRDNAPR TIFIISMYKD SQPRGMAVTI 
       110        120        130        140        150
SVKCEKISTL SCENKIISFK EMNPPDNIKD TKSDIIFFQR SVPGHDNKMQ 
       160        170        180        190 
FESSSYEGYF LACEKERDLF KLILKKEDEL GDRSIMFTVQ NED        

        10         20         30         40         50
MAAEPVEDNC INFVAMKFID NTLYFIENLE SDYFGKLESK LSVIRNLNDQ 
        60         70         80         90        100
VLFIDQGNRP LFEDMTDSDC RDNAPRTIFI ISMYKDSQPR GMAVTISVKC 
       110        120        130        140        150
EKISTLSCEN KIISFKEMNP PDNIKDTKSD IIFFQRSVPG HDNKMQFESS 
       160        170        180 
SYEGYFLACE KERDLFKLIL KKEDELGDRS IMFTVQNED             

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 11
   Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
4. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references