UniProtKB - Q0C8L6 (LOVF_ASPTN)
Protein
Lovastatin diketide synthase lovF
Gene
lovF
Organism
Aspergillus terreus (strain NIH 2624 / FGSC A1156)
Status
Functioni
Lovastatin diketide synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of lovastatin (also known as mevinolin, mevacor or monacolin K), a hypolipidemic inhibitor of (3S)-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR) (PubMed:10334994, PubMed:12929390, PubMed:21495633). The first step in the biosynthesis of lovastatin is the production of dihydromonacolin L acid by the lovastatin nonaketide synthase lovB and the trans-acting enoyl reductase lovC via condensation of one acetyl-CoA unit and 8 malonyl-CoA units (PubMed:10334994, PubMed:10381407, PubMed:19900898, PubMed:22733743). Dihydromonacolin L acid is released from lovB by the thioesterase lovG (PubMed:23653178). Next, dihydromonacolin L acid is oxidized by the dihydromonacolin L monooxygenase lovA twice to form monacolin J acid (PubMed:12929390, PubMed:21495633). The 2-methylbutyrate moiety of lovastatin is synthesized by the lovastatin diketide synthase lovF via condensation of one acetyl-CoA unit and one malonyl-CoA unit (PubMed:19530726, PubMed:21069965). Finally, the covalent attachment of this moiety to monacolin J acid is catalyzed by the transesterase lovD to yield lovastatin (PubMed:10334994, PubMed:17113998, PubMed:18988191, PubMed:19875080, PubMed:24727900). LovD has broad substrate specificity and can also convert monacolin J to simvastatin using alpha-dimethylbutanoyl-S-methyl-3-mercaptopropionate (DMB-S-MMP) as the thioester acyl donor, and can also catalyze the reverse reaction and function as hydrolase in vitro (PubMed:19875080). LovD has much higher activity with LovF-bound 2-methylbutanoate than with free diketide substrates (PubMed:21069965).13 Publications
Catalytic activityi
- 3 H+ + holo-[2-methylbutanoate polyketide synthase] + 2 malonyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (S)-2-methylbutanoyl-[2-methylbutanoate polyketide synthase] + 2 CO2 + 2 CoA + H2O + 2 NADP+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine2 PublicationsEC:2.3.1.2442 Publications
Cofactori
pantetheine 4'-phosphate2 PublicationsNote: Binds 1 phosphopantetheine covalently.2 Publications
: lovastatin biosynthesis Pathwayi
This protein is involved in the pathway lovastatin biosynthesis, which is part of Polyketide biosynthesis.3 PublicationsView all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway lovastatin biosynthesis and in Polyketide biosynthesis.
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active sitei | 173 | For beta-ketoacyl synthase activityPROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 | |
Active sitei | 555 | For malonyltransferase activityPROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 | |
Active sitei | 893 | For beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase activityPROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity Source: InterPro
- methyltransferase activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- oxidoreductase activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- phosphopantetheine binding Source: InterPro
GO - Biological processi
- fatty acid biosynthetic process Source: InterPro
- methylation Source: UniProtKB-KW
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Acyltransferase, Methyltransferase, Multifunctional enzyme, Oxidoreductase, Transferase |
Ligand | NADP, S-adenosyl-L-methionine |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA00875 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Lovastatin diketide synthase lovF1 Publication (EC:2.3.1.2442 Publications)Short name: LDKS1 Publication Alternative name(s): Lovastatin biosynthesis cluster protein F1 Publication |
Gene namesi | Name:lovF1 Publication ORF Names:ATEG_09968 |
Organismi | Aspergillus terreus (strain NIH 2624 / FGSC A1156) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 341663 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Fungi › Dikarya › Ascomycota › Pezizomycotina › Eurotiomycetes › Eurotiomycetidae › Eurotiales › Aspergillaceae › Aspergillus › Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati › |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
EuPathDBi | FungiDB:ATEG_09968 |
Pathology & Biotechi
Biotechnological usei
Lovastatin acts as a hypolipidemic agent that works as inhibitor of (3S)-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR) which reduces HMG-CoA to mevalonate and is the key step in cholesterol biosynthesis (PubMed:6933445). Lovastatin, simvastatin and related compounds are widely used to treat hypercholesteremia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (PubMed:6933445). Furthermore, statins such as lovastatin were found to be anticancer agents (PubMed:29236027, PubMed:29932104).3 Publications
Disruption phenotypei
Loss of lovastatin biosynthesis.1 Publication
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000449662 | 1 – 2452 | Lovastatin diketide synthase lovFAdd BLAST | 2452 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 2410 | O-(pantetheine 4'-phosphoryl)serinePROSITE-ProRule annotation | 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
Phosphopantetheine, PhosphoproteinInteractioni
Subunit structurei
Interacts with LovD.
1 PublicationProtein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 33178.CADATEAP00001139 |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 2373 – 2450 | CarrierPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 78 |
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 13 – 384 | Ketosynthase (KS) domainSequence analysisBy similarityAdd BLAST | 372 | |
Regioni | 496 – 790 | Malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) domainSequence analysisBy similarityAdd BLAST | 295 | |
Regioni | 861 – 1166 | Dehydrogenase (DH) domainSequence analysisBy similarityAdd BLAST | 306 | |
Regioni | 1343 – 1528 | Methyltransferase (CMet) domainSequence analysisBy similarityAdd BLAST | 186 | |
Regioni | 1745 – 2064 | Enoylreductase (ER) domainSequence analysisBy similarityAdd BLAST | 320 | |
Regioni | 2088 – 2260 | Ketoreductase (KR) domainSequence analysisBy similarityAdd BLAST | 173 |
Domaini
Multidomain protein; including a ketosynthase (KS) that catalyzes repeated decarboxylative condensation to elongate the polyketide backbone; a malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) that selects and transfers the extender unit malonyl-CoA; a dehydratase (DH) domain that reduces hydroxyl groups to enoyl groups; a methyltransferase (CMeT) domain responsible for the incorporation of methyl groups; an enoylreductase (ER) domain that reduces enoyl groups to alkyl group; a ketoreductase (KR) domain that catalyzes beta-ketoreduction steps; and an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) that serves as the tether of the growing and completed polyketide via its phosphopantetheinyl arm.2 Publications
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1202, Eukaryota |
HOGENOMi | CLU_000022_31_0_1 |
OrthoDBi | 19161at2759 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.1200.10, 1 hit 3.10.129.110, 1 hit 3.40.366.10, 2 hits 3.40.47.10, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR001227, Ac_transferase_dom_sf IPR036736, ACP-like_sf IPR014043, Acyl_transferase IPR016035, Acyl_Trfase/lysoPLipase IPR013149, ADH_C IPR011032, GroES-like_sf IPR018201, Ketoacyl_synth_AS IPR014031, Ketoacyl_synth_C IPR014030, Ketoacyl_synth_N IPR016036, Malonyl_transacylase_ACP-bd IPR013217, Methyltransf_12 IPR036291, NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf IPR032821, PKS_assoc IPR020841, PKS_Beta-ketoAc_synthase_dom IPR020807, PKS_dehydratase IPR042104, PKS_dehydratase_sf IPR020843, PKS_ER IPR013968, PKS_KR IPR020806, PKS_PP-bd IPR009081, PP-bd_ACP IPR006162, Ppantetheine_attach_site IPR029063, SAM-dependent_MTases IPR016039, Thiolase-like |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00698, Acyl_transf_1, 1 hit PF00107, ADH_zinc_N, 1 hit PF16197, KAsynt_C_assoc, 1 hit PF00109, ketoacyl-synt, 2 hits PF02801, Ketoacyl-synt_C, 1 hit PF08659, KR, 1 hit PF08242, Methyltransf_12, 1 hit PF00550, PP-binding, 1 hit PF14765, PS-DH, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00827, PKS_AT, 1 hit SM00826, PKS_DH, 1 hit SM00829, PKS_ER, 1 hit SM00825, PKS_KS, 1 hit SM00823, PKS_PP, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF47336, SSF47336, 1 hit SSF50129, SSF50129, 1 hit SSF51735, SSF51735, 2 hits SSF52151, SSF52151, 1 hit SSF53335, SSF53335, 1 hit SSF53901, SSF53901, 1 hit SSF55048, SSF55048, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00606, B_KETOACYL_SYNTHASE, 1 hit PS50075, CARRIER, 1 hit PS00012, PHOSPHOPANTETHEINE, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
Q0C8L6-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MTPLDAPGAP APIAVVGMGC RFGGGATDPQ KLWKLLEEGG SAWSKIPPSR
60 70 80 90 100
FNVGGVYHPN GQRVGSCMDP QYRLILEVVY EALEAGMYYI PWFHTWVLTL
110 120 130 140 150
HGSAAGIPLE QVSGSKTGVF AGTMYHDYQG SFQRQPEALP RYFITGNAGT
160 170 180 190 200
MLANRVSHFY DLRGPSVSID TACSTTLTAL HLAIQSLRAG ESDMAIVAGA
210 220 230 240 250
NLLLNPDVFT TMSNLGFLSP DGISYSFDSR ADGYGRGEGV AAIVLKTLPH
260 270 280 290 300
AVRDGDPIRL IVRETAINQD GRTLAISTPS GEAQERLIRD CYQKARLDPK
310 320 330 340 350
QTSYVEAHGT GTGAGDPLEL GVISAAFPRQ QIQVGSVKAN IGHTEAIPLS
360 370 380 390 400
SQSWIPTDGV CRASINNFGF GGANAHAIVE RYAPFAETSM CSPNGYPGNY
410 420 430 440 450
DGHVETDQAH IYVLSAKDEN SCMRMVSRLC DYATHAREAD DWQLLANMAY
460 470 480 490 500
TLGSRRSNFR WKAVCTAHNL TSLAQNLAGD GMRPSKSAEQ VRLGWVFTGQ
510 520 530 540 550
GAQWFAMGQE LSRPETESRV DQAEFSLPLS TALQIALVRL LWSWNIQPVA
560 570 580 590 600
VTSHSSGEAA AAYAIGALTA RSAIGISYIR GALTARDRLA SVHKGAMLAV
610 620 630 640 650
GLSRSEVGIY IRQVPLQSEE CLVVGCINSP SSVTVSGDLS AIAKLEELLH
660 670 680 690 700
ADRIFARRLK VTQAFHSSHM NSMTDAFRAG LTELFGADPS DAANANKDVI
710 720 730 740 750
YASPRTGDRM HDFNSLRDPM HWVECMLYPV EFESAFRQMC LDENDHMPKV
760 770 780 790 800
DRIIEIGPHG ALGGPIKQIM QLPELAPCDI PYLSCLSRGK SSLSTLRLLA
810 820 830 840 850
SELIRAGFPV DLNAINFPRG CEAARVQVLS DLPPYPWNHE TRYWKEPRIS
860 870 880 890 900
QSARQRKGPV HDLIGLQEPL NLPLARSWHN VLRVSDLPWL RDHVVGSHIV
910 920 930 940 950
FPGAGFVCMA VIGISTLCSS DHESADFSYI LRDVNFAQAL ILPADGEEGI
960 970 980 990 1000
DLRLTICAPD QSLGSQDWQR FLVHSITADK NDWTEHCTGL VRVDMDQPAS
1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
SLSNPQRADP RPWSRKTAPQ DLWDSLHRVG IRHGPLFQNI TRIESDGRES
1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
WCTFAIADTA SAMPHAYESQ HIVHPTTLDS AIQAAYTTLP FAGSRIKSAM
1110 1120 1130 1140 1150
VPARVGCMKI SSRLADLEAR DMLRAQAKMH SQSHCALVTD VAVFDEADPF
1160 1170 1180 1190 1200
GGPVMELEGL VFQSLGASLG TSGRDSTDTG NTCSSWHWAP DISLVNPVWL
1210 1220 1230 1240 1250
ERTLDTGIQK HEIGVILELR RCSVHFIQEA MESLSVGDVA RLSGHLAKFY
1260 1270 1280 1290 1300
AWMQAQLACA QNGELGPESS SWTRDNEHAR CSLRSRVVAG STNGEMICRL
1310 1320 1330 1340 1350
GSVLPAILRR EVDPLEVMMD GHLLSRYYVD ALKWSRSNAQ ASELVRLCCH
1360 1370 1380 1390 1400
KNPRARILEI GGGTGGCTQL VVDSLGPNPP VGRYDFTDVS AGFFEAARKR
1410 1420 1430 1440 1450
FAGWQDVMDF RKLDIEDDPE AQGFVCGSYD VVLACQVLHA TSNMQRTLTN
1460 1470 1480 1490 1500
VRKLLKPGGK LILVETTRDE LDLFFTFGLL PGWWLSEEPE RQSTPSLSPT
1510 1520 1530 1540 1550
MWRSMLHATG FNGVEVEARD CDSDEFYMIS TMMSTAVQAT PTSCSDKLPE
1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
VLLVYVDSST PMSWISDLQG AIRCRNCSVT SLQALRQVPP TEGQMCVFLG
1610 1620 1630 1640 1650
EMEHSMLGSV TNDDFTLLTS MLQLAGGALW VTRGATMKSD DPLKALHLGL
1660 1670 1680 1690 1700
LRTMRNESHG KRFVSLDLDP SRNPWTGDSR DAIVSVLDLV SMSDEKEFDY
1710 1720 1730 1740 1750
AERGGVIHVP RAFSDSINGG EEDGYALEPF QDSQHLLRLD IRTPGLLDSL
1760 1770 1780 1790 1800
YFRKRSVDPY EPDKLPDDWV EIEPRAFGLN FRDIMVAMGQ LESNVMGFEC
1810 1820 1830 1840 1850
AGVVTSLSET ARTIAPGLAV GDRVCALMNG HWASRVTTSR TNVVRIPETL
1860 1870 1880 1890 1900
SFPHAASIPL AFTTAYISLY TVARILPGET VLIHAGAGGV GQAAIILAQL
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
TGAEVFTTAG SEAKRNHLID KFHLDPDHVF SSRDSSFVDG IKTRTSGKGV
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
DVVLNSLAGP LLQKSFDCLA RFGRFVEIGK KDLEQNSRLD MSTFVRNVSF
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
SSVDILYWQQ AKSAEIFQAL SEVILLWGRT AIGLIHPISE YPMSALEKAF
2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
RTMQSGQHVG KIVVTVAPDD AVLVRQERMP LFLKPNVSYL VAGGLGGIGR
2110 2120 2130 2140 2150
RICEWLVDRG ARYLIILSRT ARVDPVVTSL QERGCTVSVQ ACDVADKSQL
2160 2170 2180 2190 2200
EAALQQCRAE NLPPIRGVIQ GAMVLKDALV SQMTADGFHA ALRPKVQGSW
2210 2220 2230 2240 2250
NLHRIASDVD FFVMLSSLVG VMGGAGQANY AAAGAFQDAL AEHRMAHNQP
2260 2270 2280 2290 2300
AVTIDLGMVQ SIGYVAETDS AVAERLQRIG YQPLHEEEVL AVLEQAMSPV
2310 2320 2330 2340 2350
CSPTAPTRPA VIVTGINTRP GPHWAHADWM QEARFAGIKY RDPLRDNNGA
2360 2370 2380 2390 2400
LPLTLAEDDN LHARLNRATS QQASIAVIME AMGRKLISMF GLTDSEMSAT
2410 2420 2430 2440 2450
QTLAGIGVDS LVAIELRNWI TARFNVDISV FELMEGRTIA KVAEVVLQRY
KP
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | CH476609 Genomic DNA Translation: EAU29417.1 |
RefSeqi | XP_001209270.1, XM_001209270.1 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblFungii | EAU29417; EAU29417; ATEG_09968 |
GeneIDi | 4319643 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | CH476609 Genomic DNA Translation: EAU29417.1 |
RefSeqi | XP_001209270.1, XM_001209270.1 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | Q0C8L6 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 33178.CADATEAP00001139 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblFungii | EAU29417; EAU29417; ATEG_09968 |
GeneIDi | 4319643 |
Organism-specific databases
EuPathDBi | FungiDB:ATEG_09968 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1202, Eukaryota |
HOGENOMi | CLU_000022_31_0_1 |
OrthoDBi | 19161at2759 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA00875 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.1200.10, 1 hit 3.10.129.110, 1 hit 3.40.366.10, 2 hits 3.40.47.10, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR001227, Ac_transferase_dom_sf IPR036736, ACP-like_sf IPR014043, Acyl_transferase IPR016035, Acyl_Trfase/lysoPLipase IPR013149, ADH_C IPR011032, GroES-like_sf IPR018201, Ketoacyl_synth_AS IPR014031, Ketoacyl_synth_C IPR014030, Ketoacyl_synth_N IPR016036, Malonyl_transacylase_ACP-bd IPR013217, Methyltransf_12 IPR036291, NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf IPR032821, PKS_assoc IPR020841, PKS_Beta-ketoAc_synthase_dom IPR020807, PKS_dehydratase IPR042104, PKS_dehydratase_sf IPR020843, PKS_ER IPR013968, PKS_KR IPR020806, PKS_PP-bd IPR009081, PP-bd_ACP IPR006162, Ppantetheine_attach_site IPR029063, SAM-dependent_MTases IPR016039, Thiolase-like |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00698, Acyl_transf_1, 1 hit PF00107, ADH_zinc_N, 1 hit PF16197, KAsynt_C_assoc, 1 hit PF00109, ketoacyl-synt, 2 hits PF02801, Ketoacyl-synt_C, 1 hit PF08659, KR, 1 hit PF08242, Methyltransf_12, 1 hit PF00550, PP-binding, 1 hit PF14765, PS-DH, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00827, PKS_AT, 1 hit SM00826, PKS_DH, 1 hit SM00829, PKS_ER, 1 hit SM00825, PKS_KS, 1 hit SM00823, PKS_PP, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF47336, SSF47336, 1 hit SSF50129, SSF50129, 1 hit SSF51735, SSF51735, 2 hits SSF52151, SSF52151, 1 hit SSF53335, SSF53335, 1 hit SSF53901, SSF53901, 1 hit SSF55048, SSF55048, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00606, B_KETOACYL_SYNTHASE, 1 hit PS50075, CARRIER, 1 hit PS00012, PHOSPHOPANTETHEINE, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | LOVF_ASPTN | |
Accessioni | Q0C8L6Primary (citable) accession number: Q0C8L6 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 22, 2020 |
Last sequence update: | October 17, 2006 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 105 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Fungal Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways