Alpha-actinin-3

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• actin filament binding Source: Ensembl
• calcium ion binding Source: InterPro
• identical protein binding Source: IntAct <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "A reference map of the human binary protein interactome."
    Luck K., Kim D.K., Lambourne L., Spirohn K., Begg B.E., Bian W., Brignall R., Cafarelli T., Campos-Laborie F.J., Charloteaux B., Choi D., Cote A.G., Daley M., Deimling S., Desbuleux A., Dricot A., Gebbia M., Hardy M.F.

    , Kishore N., Knapp J.J., Kovacs I.A., Lemmens I., Mee M.W., Mellor J.C., Pollis C., Pons C., Richardson A.D., Schlabach S., Teeking B., Yadav A., Babor M., Balcha D., Basha O., Bowman-Colin C., Chin S.F., Choi S.G., Colabella C., Coppin G., D'Amata C., De Ridder D., De Rouck S., Duran-Frigola M., Ennajdaoui H., Goebels F., Goehring L., Gopal A., Haddad G., Hatchi E., Helmy M., Jacob Y., Kassa Y., Landini S., Li R., van Lieshout N., MacWilliams A., Markey D., Paulson J.N., Rangarajan S., Rasla J., Rayhan A., Rolland T., San-Miguel A., Shen Y., Sheykhkarimli D., Sheynkman G.M., Simonovsky E., Tasan M., Tejeda A., Tropepe V., Twizere J.C., Wang Y., Weatheritt R.J., Weile J., Xia Y., Yang X., Yeger-Lotem E., Zhong Q., Aloy P., Bader G.D., De Las Rivas J., Gaudet S., Hao T., Rak J., Tavernier J., Hill D.E., Vidal M., Roth F.P., Calderwood M.A.
    Nature 580:402-408(2020) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• integrin binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of human neutrophils induces an interaction between the integrin beta 2-subunit (CD18) and the actin binding protein alpha-actinin."
    Pavalko F.M., LaRoche S.M.
    J Immunol 151:3795-3807(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• structural constituent of muscle Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Cloning and characterization of two human skeletal muscle alpha-actinin genes located on chromosomes 1 and 11."
    Beggs A.H., Byers T.J., Knoll J.H.M., Boyce F.M., Bruns G.A.P., Kunkel L.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 267:9281-9288(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANTS GLN-523; ARG-628 AND ARG-776.
• transmembrane transporter binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Cell membrane expression of cardiac sodium channel Na(v)1.5 is modulated by alpha-actinin-2 interaction."
    Ziane R., Huang H., Moghadaszadeh B., Beggs A.H., Levesque G., Chahine M.
    Biochemistry 49:166-178(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• bone morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• focal adhesion assembly Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Disruption of alpha-actinin-integrin interactions at focal adhesions renders osteoblasts susceptible to apoptosis."
    Triplett J.W., Pavalko F.M.
    Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291:C909-21(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• muscle contraction Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Source: YuBioLab <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity<br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Altered Ca2+ kinetics associated with alpha-actinin-3 deficiency may explain positive selection for ACTN3 null allele in human evolution."
    Head S.I., Chan S., Houweling P.J., Quinlan K.G., Murphy R., Wagner S., Friedrich O., North K.N.
    PLoS Genet 11:e1004862-e1004862(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of glycolytic process Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of relaxation of muscle Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of aerobic respiration Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Disruption of alpha-actinin-integrin interactions at focal adhesions renders osteoblasts susceptible to apoptosis."
    Triplett J.W., Pavalko F.M.
    Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291:C909-21(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction Source: UniProtKB
• response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation Source: UniProtKB
• skeletal muscle atrophy Source: UniProtKB
• transition between fast and slow fiber Source: UniProtKB

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Genetic variation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• actin filament binding Source: Ensembl
• identical protein binding Source: IntActInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "A reference map of the human binary protein interactome."
    Luck K., Kim D.K., Lambourne L., Spirohn K., Begg B.E., Bian W., Brignall R., Cafarelli T., Campos-Laborie F.J., Charloteaux B., Choi D., Cote A.G., Daley M., Deimling S., Desbuleux A., Dricot A., Gebbia M., Hardy M.F.

    , Kishore N., Knapp J.J., Kovacs I.A., Lemmens I., Mee M.W., Mellor J.C., Pollis C., Pons C., Richardson A.D., Schlabach S., Teeking B., Yadav A., Babor M., Balcha D., Basha O., Bowman-Colin C., Chin S.F., Choi S.G., Colabella C., Coppin G., D'Amata C., De Ridder D., De Rouck S., Duran-Frigola M., Ennajdaoui H., Goebels F., Goehring L., Gopal A., Haddad G., Hatchi E., Helmy M., Jacob Y., Kassa Y., Landini S., Li R., van Lieshout N., MacWilliams A., Markey D., Paulson J.N., Rangarajan S., Rasla J., Rayhan A., Rolland T., San-Miguel A., Shen Y., Sheykhkarimli D., Sheynkman G.M., Simonovsky E., Tasan M., Tejeda A., Tropepe V., Twizere J.C., Wang Y., Weatheritt R.J., Weile J., Xia Y., Yang X., Yeger-Lotem E., Zhong Q., Aloy P., Bader G.D., De Las Rivas J., Gaudet S., Hao T., Rak J., Tavernier J., Hill D.E., Vidal M., Roth F.P., Calderwood M.A.
    Nature 580:402-408(2020) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• integrin binding Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of human neutrophils induces an interaction between the integrin beta 2-subunit (CD18) and the actin binding protein alpha-actinin."
    Pavalko F.M., LaRoche S.M.
    J Immunol 151:3795-3807(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transmembrane transporter binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Cell membrane expression of cardiac sodium channel Na(v)1.5 is modulated by alpha-actinin-2 interaction."
    Ziane R., Huang H., Moghadaszadeh B., Beggs A.H., Levesque G., Chahine M.
    Biochemistry 49:166-178(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MMMVMQPEGL GAGEGRFAGG GGGGEYMEQE EDWDRDLLLD PAWEKQQRKT 
        60         70         80         90        100
FTAWCNSHLR KAGTQIENIE EDFRNGLKLM LLLEVISGER LPRPDKGKMR 
       110        120        130        140        150
FHKIANVNKA LDFIASKGVK LVSIGAEEIV DGNLKMTLGM IWTIILRFAI 
       160        170        180        190        200
QDISVEETSA KEGLLLWCQR KTAPYRNVNV QNFHTSWKDG LALCALIHRH 
       210        220        230        240        250
RPDLIDYAKL RKDDPIGNLN TAFEVAEKYL DIPKMLDAED IVNTPKPDEK 
       260        270        280        290        300
AIMTYVSCFY HAFAGAEQAE TAANRICKVL AVNQENEKLM EEYEKLASEL 
       310        320        330        340        350
LEWIRRTVPW LENRVGEPSM SAMQRKLEDF RDYRRLHKPP RIQEKCQLEI 
       360        370        380        390        400
NFNTLQTKLR LSHRPAFMPS EGKLVSDIAN AWRGLEQVEK GYEDWLLSEI 
       410        420        430        440        450
RRLQRLQHLA EKFRQKASLH EAWTRGKEEM LSQRDYDSAL LQEVRALLRR 
       460        470        480        490        500
HEAFESDLAA HQDRVEHIAA LAQELNELDY HEAASVNSRC QAICDQWDNL 
       510        520        530        540        550
GTLTQKRRDA LERMEKLLET IDRLQLEFAR RAAPFNNWLD GAVEDLQDVW 
       560        570        580        590        600
LVHSVEETQS LLTAHDQFKA TLPEADRERG AIMGIQGEIQ KICQTYGLRP 
       610        620        630        640        650
CSTNPYITLS PQDINTKWDM VRKLVPSCDQ TLQEELARQQ VNERLRRQFA 
       660        670        680        690        700
AQANAIGPWI QAKVEEVGRL AAGLAGSLEE QMAGLRQQEQ NIINYKTNID 
       710        720        730        740        750
RLEGDHQLLQ ESLVFDNKHT VYSMEHIRVG WEQLLTSIAR TINEVENQVL 
       760        770        780        790        800
TRDAKGLSQE QLNEFRASFN HFDRKQNGMM EPDDFRACLI SMGYDLGEVE 
       810        820        830        840        850
FARIMTMVDP NAAGVVTFQA FIDFMTRETA ETDTTEQVVA SFKILAGDKN 
       860        870        880        890        900
YITPEELRRE LPAKQAEYCI RRMVPYKGSG APAGALDYVA FSSALYGESD 

L                                                      

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports difference(s) between the protein sequence shown in the UniProtKB entry and other available protein sequences derived from the same gene.<p><a href='/help/sequence_caution' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence cautionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section provides information on polymorphic variants. If the variant is associated with a disease state, the description of the latter can be found in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/involvement_in_disease">'Involvement in disease'</a> subsection.<p><a href='/help/polymorphism' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Polymorphismⁱ

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Genetic variation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 11
   Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. Human entries with genetic variants
   List of human entries with genetic variants
3. Human variants curated from literature reports
   Index of human variants curated from literature reports
4. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
5. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
6. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families