Apoptosis regulator BAX

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• BH3 domain binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.34

    "Mutation to Bax beyond the BH3 domain disrupts interactions with pro-survival proteins and promotes apoptosis."
    Czabotar P.E., Lee E.F., Thompson G.V., Wardak A.Z., Fairlie W.D., Colman P.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 286:7123-7131(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.49 ANGSTROMS) OF 48-81 IN COMPLEXES WITH BCL2L1 AND MCL1, INTERACTION WITH MCL1; BCL2; BCL2L1 AND BCL2L2, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF MET-74.
• channel activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibition of Bax channel-forming activity by Bcl-2."
    Antonsson B., Conti F., Ciavatta A., Montessuit S., Lewis S., Martinou I., Bernasconi L., Bernard A., Mermod J.J., Mazzei G., Maundrell K., Gambale F., Sadoul R., Martinou J.C.
    Science 277:370-372(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chaperone binding Source: Ensembl
• Hsp70 protein binding Source: Ensembl
• identical protein binding Source: IntAct <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Bax oligomerization is required for channel-forming activity in liposomes and to trigger cytochrome c release from mitochondria."
    Antonsson B., Montessuit S., Lauper S., Eskes R., Martinou J.C.
    Biochem. J. 345:271-278(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis."
    Chipuk J.E., Kuwana T., Bouchier-Hayes L., Droin N.M., Newmeyer D.D., Schuler M., Green D.R.
    Science 303:1010-1014(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Apoptosis initiated when BH3 ligands engage multiple Bcl-2 homologs, not Bax or Bak."
    Willis S.N., Fletcher J.I., Kaufmann T., van Delft M.F., Chen L., Czabotar P.E., Ierino H., Lee E.F., Fairlie W.D., Bouillet P., Strasser A., Kluck R.M., Adams J.M., Huang D.C.
    Science 315:856-859(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Protein kinase C-epsilon protects MCF-7 cells from TNF-mediated cell death by inhibiting Bax translocation."
    Lu D., Sivaprasad U., Huang J., Shankar E., Morrow S., Basu A.
    Apoptosis 12:1893-1900(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Bcl-XL inhibits membrane permeabilization by competing with Bax."
    Billen L.P., Kokoski C.L., Lovell J.F., Leber B., Andrews D.W.
    PLoS Biol. 6:e147-e147(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "A short Nur77-derived peptide converts Bcl-2 from a protector to a killer."
    Kolluri S.K., Zhu X., Zhou X., Lin B., Chen Y., Sun K., Tian X., Town J., Cao X., Lin F., Zhai D., Kitada S., Luciano F., O'Donnell E., Cao Y., He F., Lin J., Reed J.C., Satterthwait A.C., Zhang X.K.
    Cancer Cell 14:285-298(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Membrane binding by tBid initiates an ordered series of events culminating in membrane permeabilization by Bax."
    Lovell J.F., Billen L.P., Bindner S., Shamas-Din A., Fradin C., Leber B., Andrews D.W.
    Cell 135:1074-1084(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Endophilin B1/Bif-1 stimulates BAX activation independently from its capacity to produce large scale membrane morphological rearrangements."
    Etxebarria A., Terrones O., Yamaguchi H., Landajuela A., Landeta O., Antonsson B., Wang H.G., Basanez G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:4200-4212(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "A novel pro-apoptotic function of RACK1: suppression of Src activity in the intrinsic and Akt pathways."
    Mamidipudi V., Cartwright C.A.
    Oncogene 28:4421-4433(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Viral apoptosis is induced by IRF-3-mediated activation of Bax."
    Chattopadhyay S., Marques J.T., Yamashita M., Peters K.L., Smith K., Desai A., Williams B.R., Sen G.C.
    EMBO J. 29:1762-1773(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Membrane remodeling induced by the dynamin-related protein Drp1 stimulates Bax oligomerization."
    Montessuit S., Somasekharan S.P., Terrones O., Lucken-Ardjomande S., Herzig S., Schwarzenbacher R., Manstein D.J., Bossy-Wetzel E., Basanez G., Meda P., Martinou J.C.
    Cell 142:889-901(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The cytosolic domain of human Tom22 modulates human Bax mitochondrial translocation and conformation in yeast."
    Renault T.T., Grandier-Vazeille X., Arokium H., Velours G., Camougrand N., Priault M., Teijido O., Dejean L.M., Manon S.
    FEBS Lett. 586:116-121(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Bax crystal structures reveal how BH3 domains activate Bax and nucleate its oligomerization to induce apoptosis."
    Czabotar P.E., Westphal D., Dewson G., Ma S., Hockings C., Fairlie W.D., Lee E.F., Yao S., Robin A.Y., Smith B.J., Huang D.C., Kluck R.M., Adams J.M., Colman P.M.
    Cell 152:519-531(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid binding Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interaction with a membrane surface triggers a reversible conformational change in Bax normally associated with induction of apoptosis."
    Yethon J.A., Epand R.F., Leber B., Epand R.M., Andrews D.W.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:48935-48941(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: HGNCInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "A common binding site mediates heterodimerization and homodimerization of Bcl-2 family members."
    Diaz J.L., Oltersdorf T., Horne W., McConnell M., Wilson G., Weeks S., Garcia T., Fritz L.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:11350-11355(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein homodimerization activity Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PUMA Dissociates Bax and Bcl-X(L) to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells."
    Ming L., Wang P., Bank A., Yu J., Zhang L.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:16034-16042(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "The expression of a new variant of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax, Baxpsi, is correlated with an increased survival of glioblastoma multiforme patients."
    Cartron P.F., Oliver L., Martin S., Moreau C., LeCabellec M.T., Jezequel P., Meflah K., Vallette F.M.
    Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:675-687(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM PSI), TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apoptosis via the B cell antigen receptor requires Bax translocation and involves mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome C release, and caspase-9 activation."
    Eldering E., Mackus W.J., Derks I.A., Evers L.M., Beuling E., Teeling P., Lens S.M., van Oers M.H., van Lier R.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 34:1950-1960(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
• apoptotic mitochondrial changes Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bax interacts with the permeability transition pore to induce permeability transition and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria."
    Narita M., Shimizu S., Ito T., Chittenden T., Lutz R.J., Matsuda H., Tsujimoto Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:14681-14686(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apoptotic process Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bax inhibitor-1, a mammalian apoptosis suppressor identified by functional screening in yeast."
    Xu Q., Reed J.C.
    Mol. Biol. Cell 1:337-346(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• apoptotic signaling pathway Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The endoplasmic reticulum is a key component of the plasma cell death pathway."
    Pelletier N., Casamayor-Palleja M., De Luca K., Mondiere P., Saltel F., Jurdic P., Bella C., Genestier L., Defrance T.
    J. Immunol. 176:1340-1347(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• B cell apoptotic process Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apoptosis via the B cell antigen receptor requires Bax translocation and involves mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome C release, and caspase-9 activation."
    Eldering E., Mackus W.J., Derks I.A., Evers L.M., Beuling E., Teeling P., Lens S.M., van Oers M.H., van Lier R.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 34:1950-1960(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The endoplasmic reticulum is a key component of the plasma cell death pathway."
    Pelletier N., Casamayor-Palleja M., De Luca K., Mondiere P., Saltel F., Jurdic P., Bella C., Genestier L., Defrance T.
    J. Immunol. 176:1340-1347(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• B cell homeostasis Source: Ensembl
• B cell homeostatic proliferation Source: Ensembl
• B cell negative selection Source: Ensembl
• B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apoptosis via the B cell antigen receptor requires Bax translocation and involves mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome C release, and caspase-9 activation."
    Eldering E., Mackus W.J., Derks I.A., Evers L.M., Beuling E., Teeling P., Lens S.M., van Oers M.H., van Lier R.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 34:1950-1960(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• blood vessel remodeling Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to unfolded protein Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "The unfolded protein response: integrating stress signals through the stress sensor IRE1alpha."
    Hetz C., Martinon F., Rodriguez D., Glimcher L.H.
    Physiol. Rev. 91:1219-1243(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to UV Source: Ensembl
• cerebral cortex development Source: Ensembl
• development of secondary sexual characteristics Source: Ensembl
• DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest Source: Reactome
• ectopic germ cell programmed cell death Source: Ensembl
• endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "No death without life: vital functions of apoptotic effectors."
    Galluzzi L., Joza N., Tasdemir E., Maiuri M.C., Hengartner M., Abrams J.M., Tavernarakis N., Penninger J., Madeo F., Kroemer G.
    Cell Death Differ. 15:1113-1123(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bax interacts with the permeability transition pore to induce permeability transition and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria."
    Narita M., Shimizu S., Ito T., Chittenden T., Lutz R.J., Matsuda H., Tsujimoto Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:14681-14686(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apoptosis via the B cell antigen receptor requires Bax translocation and involves mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome C release, and caspase-9 activation."
    Eldering E., Mackus W.J., Derks I.A., Evers L.M., Beuling E., Teeling P., Lens S.M., van Oers M.H., van Lier R.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 34:1950-1960(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence <br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • "MAP-1 is a mitochondrial effector of Bax."
    Tan K.O., Fu N.Y., Sukumaran S.K., Chan S.L., Kang J.H., Poon K.L., Chen B.S., Yu V.C.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:14623-14628(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fertilization Source: Ensembl
• germ cell development Source: Ensembl
• glycosphingolipid metabolic process Source: Ensembl
• homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue Source: Ensembl
• hypothalamus development Source: Ensembl
• intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibition of Bax activity is crucial for the antiapoptotic function of the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein."
    Vogt M., Butz K., Dymalla S., Semzow J., Hoppe-Seyler F.
    Oncogene 25:4009-4015(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator Source: Ensembl
• intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Proapoptotic BAX and BAK modulate the unfolded protein response by a direct interaction with IRE1alpha."
    Hetz C., Bernasconi P., Fisher J., Lee A.H., Bassik M.C., Antonsson B., Brandt G.S., Iwakoshi N.N., Schinzel A., Glimcher L.H., Korsmeyer S.J.
    Science 312:572-576(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kidney development Source: Ensembl
• mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Spatial and temporal association of Bax with mitochondrial fission sites, Drp1, and Mfn2 during apoptosis."
    Karbowski M., Lee Y.-J., Gaume B., Jeong S.-Y., Frank S., Nechushtan A., Santel A., Fuller M., Smith C.L., Youle R.J.
    J. Cell Biol. 159:931-938(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mitochondrial fusion Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Quantitation of mitochondrial dynamics by photolabeling of individual organelles shows that mitochondrial fusion is blocked during the Bax activation phase of apoptosis."
    Karbowski M., Arnoult D., Chen H., Chan D.C., Smith C.L., Youle R.J.
    J. Cell Biol. 164:493-499(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mitochondrion morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• myeloid cell homeostasis Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cell-based screening and validation of human novel genes associated with cell viability."
    Wang L., Gao X., Gao P., Deng W., Yu P., Ma J., Guo J., Wang X., Cheng H., Zhang C., Yu C., Ma X., Lv B., Lu Y., Shi T., Ma D.
    J. Biomol. Screen. 11:369-376(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of protein binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Dimerization properties of human BAD. Identification of a BH-3 domain and analysis of its binding to mutant BCL-2 and BCL-XL proteins."
    Ottilie S., Diaz J.-L., Horne W., Chang J., Wang Y., Wilson G., Chang S., Weeks S., Fritz L.C., Oltersdorf T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:30866-30872(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuron apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• neuron migration Source: Ensembl
• odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Source: Ensembl
• ovarian follicle development Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Deficiency of caspase-3 in MCF7 cells blocks Bax-mediated nuclear fragmentation but not cell death."
    Kagawa S., Gu J., Honda T., McDonnell T.J., Swisher S.G., Roth J.A., Fang B.
    Clin. Cancer Res. 7:1474-1480(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cell-based screening and validation of human novel genes associated with cell viability."
    Wang L., Gao X., Gao P., Deng W., Yu P., Ma J., Guo J., Wang X., Cheng H., Zhang C., Yu C., Ma X., Lv B., Lu Y., Shi T., Ma D.
    J. Biomol. Screen. 11:369-376(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Identification of novel regulators of apoptosis using a high-throughput cell-based screen."
    Park K.M., Kang E., Jeon Y.-J., Kim N., Kim N.-S., Yoo H.-S., Yeom Y.I., Kim S.J.
    Mol. Cells 23:170-174(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of developmental pigmentation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Proapoptotic BAX and BAK modulate the unfolded protein response by a direct interaction with IRE1alpha."
    Hetz C., Bernasconi P., Fisher J., Lee A.H., Bassik M.C., Antonsson B., Brandt G.S., Iwakoshi N.N., Schinzel A., Glimcher L.H., Korsmeyer S.J.
    Science 312:572-576(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis."
    Chipuk J.E., Kuwana T., Bouchier-Hayes L., Droin N.M., Newmeyer D.D., Schuler M., Green D.R.
    Science 303:1010-1014(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.34

    "Mutation to Bax beyond the BH3 domain disrupts interactions with pro-survival proteins and promotes apoptosis."
    Czabotar P.E., Lee E.F., Thompson G.V., Wardak A.Z., Fairlie W.D., Colman P.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 286:7123-7131(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.49 ANGSTROMS) OF 48-81 IN COMPLEXES WITH BCL2L1 AND MCL1, INTERACTION WITH MCL1; BCL2; BCL2L1 AND BCL2L2, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF MET-74.
  • "MK-STYX, a catalytically inactive phosphatase regulating mitochondrially dependent apoptosis."
    Niemi N.M., Lanning N.J., Klomp J.A., Tait S.W., Xu Y., Dykema K.J., Murphy L.O., Gaither L.A., Xu H.E., Furge K.A., Green D.R., MacKeigan J.P.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 31:1357-1368(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCLTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The unfolded protein response: integrating stress signals through the stress sensor IRE1alpha."
    Hetz C., Martinon F., Rodriguez D., Glimcher L.H.
    Physiol. Rev. 91:1219-1243(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The permeability transition pore triggers Bax translocation to mitochondria during neuronal apoptosis."
    Precht T.A., Phelps R.A., Linseman D.A., Butts B.D., Le S.S., Laessig T.A., Bouchard R.J., Heidenreich K.A.
    Cell Death Differ. 12:255-265(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein oligomerization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bax activates endophilin B1 oligomerization and lipid membrane vesiculation."
    Rostovtseva T.K., Boukari H., Antignani A., Shiu B., Banerjee S., Neutzner A., Youle R.J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:34390-34399(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis."
    Chipuk J.E., Kuwana T., Bouchier-Hayes L., Droin N.M., Newmeyer D.D., Schuler M., Green D.R.
    Science 303:1010-1014(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: Ensembl
• post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• protein complex oligomerization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endophilin B1/Bif-1 stimulates BAX activation independently from its capacity to produce large scale membrane morphological rearrangements."
    Etxebarria A., Terrones O., Yamaguchi H., Landajuela A., Landeta O., Antonsson B., Wang H.G., Basanez G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:4200-4212(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein homooligomerization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A novel pro-apoptotic function of RACK1: suppression of Src activity in the intrinsic and Akt pathways."
    Mamidipudi V., Cartwright C.A.
    Oncogene 28:4421-4433(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• regulation of apoptotic process Source: Reactome
• regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
• regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death Source: Ensembl
• regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bax interacts with the permeability transition pore to induce permeability transition and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria."
    Narita M., Shimizu S., Ito T., Chittenden T., Lutz R.J., Matsuda H., Tsujimoto Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:14681-14686(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of nitrogen utilization Source: Ensembl
• regulation of protein heterodimerization activity Source: HGNCInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "A common binding site mediates heterodimerization and homodimerization of Bcl-2 family members."
    Diaz J.L., Oltersdorf T., Horne W., McConnell M., Wilson G., Weeks S., Garcia T., Fritz L.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:11350-11355(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of protein homodimerization activity Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A common binding site mediates heterodimerization and homodimerization of Bcl-2 family members."
    Diaz J.L., Oltersdorf T., Horne W., McConnell M., Wilson G., Weeks S., Garcia T., Fritz L.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:11350-11355(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "MAP-1 is a mitochondrial effector of Bax."
    Tan K.O., Fu N.Y., Sukumaran S.K., Chan S.L., Kang J.H., Poon K.L., Chen B.S., Yu V.C.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:14623-14628(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bax interacts with the permeability transition pore to induce permeability transition and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria."
    Narita M., Shimizu S., Ito T., Chittenden T., Lutz R.J., Matsuda H., Tsujimoto Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:14681-14686(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to axon injury Source: Ensembl
• response to gamma radiation Source: Ensembl
• response to salt stress Source: Ensembl
• response to toxic substance Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "T-2 toxin induces apoptosis, and selenium partly blocks, T-2 toxin induced apoptosis in chondrocytes through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio."
    Chen J., Chu Y., Cao J., Yang Z., Guo X., Wang Z.
    Food Chem. Toxicol. 44:567-573(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retina development in camera-type eye Source: Ensembl
• retinal cell programmed cell death Source: Ensembl
• Sertoli cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
• spermatid differentiation Source: Ensembl
• T cell homeostatic proliferation Source: Ensembl
• thymocyte apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: Reactome
• vagina development Source: Ensembl
• viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• BH3 domain binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.34

    "Mutation to Bax beyond the BH3 domain disrupts interactions with pro-survival proteins and promotes apoptosis."
    Czabotar P.E., Lee E.F., Thompson G.V., Wardak A.Z., Fairlie W.D., Colman P.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 286:7123-7131(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.49 ANGSTROMS) OF 48-81 IN COMPLEXES WITH BCL2L1 AND MCL1, INTERACTION WITH MCL1; BCL2; BCL2L1 AND BCL2L2, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF MET-74.
• chaperone binding Source: Ensembl
• Hsp70 protein binding Source: Ensembl
• identical protein binding Source: IntActInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Bax oligomerization is required for channel-forming activity in liposomes and to trigger cytochrome c release from mitochondria."
    Antonsson B., Montessuit S., Lauper S., Eskes R., Martinou J.C.
    Biochem. J. 345:271-278(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis."
    Chipuk J.E., Kuwana T., Bouchier-Hayes L., Droin N.M., Newmeyer D.D., Schuler M., Green D.R.
    Science 303:1010-1014(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Apoptosis initiated when BH3 ligands engage multiple Bcl-2 homologs, not Bax or Bak."
    Willis S.N., Fletcher J.I., Kaufmann T., van Delft M.F., Chen L., Czabotar P.E., Ierino H., Lee E.F., Fairlie W.D., Bouillet P., Strasser A., Kluck R.M., Adams J.M., Huang D.C.
    Science 315:856-859(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Protein kinase C-epsilon protects MCF-7 cells from TNF-mediated cell death by inhibiting Bax translocation."
    Lu D., Sivaprasad U., Huang J., Shankar E., Morrow S., Basu A.
    Apoptosis 12:1893-1900(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Bcl-XL inhibits membrane permeabilization by competing with Bax."
    Billen L.P., Kokoski C.L., Lovell J.F., Leber B., Andrews D.W.
    PLoS Biol. 6:e147-e147(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "A short Nur77-derived peptide converts Bcl-2 from a protector to a killer."
    Kolluri S.K., Zhu X., Zhou X., Lin B., Chen Y., Sun K., Tian X., Town J., Cao X., Lin F., Zhai D., Kitada S., Luciano F., O'Donnell E., Cao Y., He F., Lin J., Reed J.C., Satterthwait A.C., Zhang X.K.
    Cancer Cell 14:285-298(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Membrane binding by tBid initiates an ordered series of events culminating in membrane permeabilization by Bax."
    Lovell J.F., Billen L.P., Bindner S., Shamas-Din A., Fradin C., Leber B., Andrews D.W.
    Cell 135:1074-1084(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Endophilin B1/Bif-1 stimulates BAX activation independently from its capacity to produce large scale membrane morphological rearrangements."
    Etxebarria A., Terrones O., Yamaguchi H., Landajuela A., Landeta O., Antonsson B., Wang H.G., Basanez G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 284:4200-4212(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "A novel pro-apoptotic function of RACK1: suppression of Src activity in the intrinsic and Akt pathways."
    Mamidipudi V., Cartwright C.A.
    Oncogene 28:4421-4433(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Viral apoptosis is induced by IRF-3-mediated activation of Bax."
    Chattopadhyay S., Marques J.T., Yamashita M., Peters K.L., Smith K., Desai A., Williams B.R., Sen G.C.
    EMBO J. 29:1762-1773(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Membrane remodeling induced by the dynamin-related protein Drp1 stimulates Bax oligomerization."
    Montessuit S., Somasekharan S.P., Terrones O., Lucken-Ardjomande S., Herzig S., Schwarzenbacher R., Manstein D.J., Bossy-Wetzel E., Basanez G., Meda P., Martinou J.C.
    Cell 142:889-901(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The cytosolic domain of human Tom22 modulates human Bax mitochondrial translocation and conformation in yeast."
    Renault T.T., Grandier-Vazeille X., Arokium H., Velours G., Camougrand N., Priault M., Teijido O., Dejean L.M., Manon S.
    FEBS Lett. 586:116-121(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Bax crystal structures reveal how BH3 domains activate Bax and nucleate its oligomerization to induce apoptosis."
    Czabotar P.E., Westphal D., Dewson G., Ma S., Hockings C., Fairlie W.D., Lee E.F., Yao S., Robin A.Y., Smith B.J., Huang D.C., Kluck R.M., Adams J.M., Colman P.M.
    Cell 152:519-531(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: HGNCInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "A common binding site mediates heterodimerization and homodimerization of Bcl-2 family members."
    Diaz J.L., Oltersdorf T., Horne W., McConnell M., Wilson G., Weeks S., Garcia T., Fritz L.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:11350-11355(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein homodimerization activity Source: HGNCInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "PUMA Dissociates Bax and Bcl-X(L) to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells."
    Ming L., Wang P., Bank A., Yu J., Zhang L.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:16034-16042(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Motif

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (8+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 8 described isoforms and 3 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MDGSGEQPRG GGPTSSEQIM KTGALLLQGF IQDRAGRMGG EAPELALDPV 
        60         70         80         90        100
PQDASTKKLS ECLKRIGDEL DSNMELQRMI AAVDTDSPRE VFFRVAADMF 
       110        120        130        140        150
SDGNFNWGRV VALFYFASKL VLKALCTKVP ELIRTIMGWT LDFLRERLLG 
       160        170        180        190 
WIQDQGGWDG LLSYFGTPTW QTVTIFVAGV LTASLTIWKK MG         

        10         20         30         40         50
MDGSGEQPRG GGPTSSEQIM KTGALLLQGF IQDRAGRMGG EAPELALDPV 
        60         70         80         90        100
PQDASTKKLS ECLKRIGDEL DSNMELQRMI AAVDTDSPRE VFFRVAADMF 
       110        120        130        140        150
SDGNFNWGRV VALFYFASKL VLKALCTKVP ELIRTIMGWT LDFLRERLLG 
       160        170        180        190        200
WIQDQGGWVR LLKPPHPHHR ALTTAPAPPS LPPATPLGPW AFWSRSQWCP 
       210 
LPIFRSSDVV YNAFSLRV                                    

        10         20         30         40 
MDGSGEQPRG GVSSRIEQGE WGGRHPSWPW TRCLRMRPPR S          

        10         20         30         40         50
MDGSGEQPRG GGPTSSEQIM KTGALLLQGM IAAVDTDSPR EVFFRVAADM 
        60         70         80         90        100
FSDGNFNWGR VVALFYFASK LVLKALCTKV PELIRTIMGW TLDFLRERLL 
       110        120        130        140 
GWIQDQGGWD GLLSYFGTPT WQTVTIFVAG VLTASLTIWK KMG        

        10         20         30         40         50
MDGSGEQPRG GGPTSSEQIM KTGALLLQGF IQDRAGRMGG EAPELALDPV 
        60         70         80         90        100
PQDASTKKLS ECLKRIGDEL DSNMELQRMI AAVDTDSPRE VFFRVAADMF 
       110        120        130        140        150
SDGNFNWGRV VALFYFASKL VLKAGVKWRD LGSLQPLPPG FKRFTCLSIP 
       160 
RSWDYRPCAP RCRN                                        

        10         20         30         40         50
MIAAVDTDSP REVFFRVAAD MFSDGNFNWG RVVALFYFAS KLVLKALCTK 
        60         70         80         90        100
VPELIRTIMG WTLDFLRERL LGWIQDQGGW DGLLSYFGTP TWQTVTIFVA 
       110 
GVLTASLTIW KKMG                                        

        10         20         30         40         50
MKTGALLLQG FIQDRAGRMG GEAPELALDP VPQDASTKKL SECLKRIGDE 
        60         70         80         90        100
LDSNMELQRM IAAVDTDSPR EVFFRVAADM FSDGNFNWGR VVALFYFASK 
       110        120        130        140        150
LVLKALCTKV PELIRTIMGW TLDFLRERLL GWIQDQGGWD GLLSYFGTPT 
       160        170 
WQTVTIFVAG VLTASLTIWK KMG                              

        10         20         30         40         50
MDGSGEQPRG GGPTSSEQIM KTGALLLQGF IQDRAGRMGG EAPELALDPV 
        60         70         80         90        100
PQDASTKKLS ECLKRIGDEL DSNMELQRMI AAVDTDSPRE VFFRVAADMF 
       110        120        130        140        150
SDGNFNWGRV VALFYFASKL VLKALCTKVP ELIRTIMGWT LDFLRERLLG 
       160        170 
WIQDQGGWTV TIFVAGVLTA SLTIWKKMG                        

Natural variant

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity