Gdf3

Functionⁱ

Growth factor involved in early embryonic development and adipose-tissue homeostasis. During embryogenesis controls formation of anterior visceral endoderm and mesoderm and the establishment of anterior-posterior identity through a receptor complex comprising the receptor ACVR1B and the coreceptor TDGF1/Cripto (PubMed:16368929, PubMed:17936261). Regulates adipose-tissue homeostasis and energy balance under nutrient overload in part by signaling through the receptor complex based on ACVR1C and TDGF1/Cripto.3 Publications

Miscellaneous

In contrast to other members of this family, cannot be disulfide-linked due to an atypical cysteine knot configuration, where the fourth cysteine is missing. This fourth cysteine is involved in an inter-molecular bridge to stabilize the active form of homodimeric or heterodimeric signaling molecules.By similarity

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

cytokine activity
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
protein kinase binding Source: UniProtKB
transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

BMP signaling pathway
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
cell development
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
endoderm development
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929
eye development Source: UniProtKB
formation of anatomical boundary
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929
in utero embryonic development
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929
- 17936261
mesoderm development
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 23844157
notochord development
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 22223106
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
primitive streak formation
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929
regulation of apoptotic process
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
regulation of cell fate commitment Source: UniProtKB
regulation of MAPK cascade
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
response to dietary excess
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 18480259
signal transduction
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17936261
skeletal system development Source: UniProtKB
SMAD protein signal transduction
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
somite rostral/caudal axis specification
Source: MGI
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16368929

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Cytokine, Developmental protein, Growth factor

Molecular function

Cytokine, Developmental protein, Growth factor

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Growth/differentiation factor 3 Short name: GDF-3 Alternative name(s): VG-1-related protein 2
Gene namesⁱ	Name:Gdf3 Synonyms:Gdf-3, Vgr-2
Organismⁱ	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	10090 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus
Proteomesⁱ	UP000000589 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 6

Organism-specific databases

MGIⁱ	MGI:95686 Gdf3

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm, Secreted

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Disruption phenotypeⁱ

Embryonic lethality in one-third of the mutant embryos because of pregastrulation developmental malformations. However, the majority of mutants survive until adulthood without any overt abnormality (PubMed:17936261, PubMed:16368929). Mutant mice shown resistance to diet-induced obesity (PubMed:18480259).3 Publications

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Signal peptideⁱ	1 – 22	Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	22
PropeptideⁱPRO_0000033910	23 – 252	Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	230
ChainⁱPRO_0000033911	253 – 366	Growth/differentiation factor 3Add BLAST	114

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Glycosylationⁱ	113	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis	1
Disulfide bondⁱ	266 ↔ 331	By similarity
Disulfide bondⁱ	295 ↔ 363	By similarity
Disulfide bondⁱ	299 ↔ 365	By similarity
Glycosylationⁱ	308	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Synthesized as large precursor molecule that undergo proteolytic cleavage, releasing the pro-domain from the active, receptor binding, C-terminal region of the molecule.By similarity

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	Q07104
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q07104
PRIDEⁱ	Q07104

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q07104
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q07104

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Primarily in adult bone marrow, spleen, thymus and adipose tissue.3 Publications

Inductionⁱ

Markedly increased in an obese-mouse model lacking adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein FABP4.1 Publication

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSMUSG00000030117 Expressed in 44 organ(s), highest expression level in embryo
CleanExⁱ	MM_GDF3
Genevisibleⁱ	Q07104 MM

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homodimer. Heterodimer (Potential). But, in contrast to other members of this family, cannot be disulfide-linked.Curated

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

cytokine activity
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
protein kinase binding Source: UniProtKB
transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	199887, 1 interactor
STRINGⁱ	10090.ENSMUSP00000032211

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q07104
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the TGF-beta family.Curated

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Signal

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG3900 Eukaryota ENOG410XT8Z LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00910000143982
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000249476
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG004860
InParanoidⁱ	Q07104
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K22672
OMAⁱ	ANYCHGD
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0K7Z
TreeFamⁱ	TF351789

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	2.10.90.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR029034 Cystine-knot_cytokine IPR001839 TGF-b_C IPR001111 TGF-b_propeptide IPR015615 TGF-beta-rel IPR017948 TGFb_CS
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11848 PTHR11848, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00019 TGF_beta, 1 hit PF00688 TGFb_propeptide, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00204 TGFB, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF57501 SSF57501, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00250 TGF_BETA_1, 1 hit PS51362 TGF_BETA_2, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

Q07104-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MQPYQRLLAL GFLLLTLPWG QTSEFQDSDL LQFLGLEKAP SPHRFQPVPR 
        60         70         80         90        100
VLRKIIRARE AAAASGASQD LCYVKELGVR GNLLQLLPDQ GFFLNTQKPF 
       110        120        130        140        150
QDGSCLQKVL YFNLSAIKEK AKLTMAQLTL DLGPRSYYNL RPELVVALSV 
       160        170        180        190        200
VQDRGVWGRS HPKVGRLLFL RSVPGPQGQL QFNLQGALKD WSSNRLKNLD 
       210        220        230        240        250
LHLEILVKED RYSRVTVQPE NPCDRLLRSL HASLLVVTLN PKHCHPSSRK 
       260        270        280        290        300
RRAAISVPKG FCRNFCHRHQ LFINFQDLGW HKWVIAPKGF MANYCHGECP 
       310        320        330        340        350
FSMTTYLNSS NYAFMQALMH MADPKVPKAV CVPTKLSPIS MLYQDSDKNV 
       360 
ILRHYEDMVV DECGCG

Length:366

Mass (Da):41,586

Last modified:July 27, 2011 - v2

Checksum:ⁱ3DCD7CB8F9470293

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	165	G → R in AAB24876 (PubMed:1480182).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	167 – 168	LL → FV in AAB24876 (PubMed:1480182).Curated	2
Sequence conflictⁱ	225	R → P in AAA53034 (PubMed:8429021).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	225	R → P in AAB24876 (PubMed:1480182).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	313	A → R in AAB24876 (PubMed:1480182).Curated	1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	L06443 mRNA Translation: AAA53034.1 S52658 mRNA Translation: AAB24876.1 AK152457 mRNA Translation: BAE31235.1 AK160533 mRNA Translation: BAE35850.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS20499.1
PIRⁱ	A45402 A46607
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_032134.2, NM_008108.5
UniGeneⁱ	Mm.299742

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENSMUST00000032211; ENSMUSP00000032211; ENSMUSG00000030117
GeneIDⁱ	14562
KEGGⁱ	mmu:14562
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc009dpm.1 mouse

Similar proteinsⁱ

90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q07104	Growth differentiation factor 3		MOUSE		366	UniRef90_Q07104
UPI000A30A7E8		MUSPA		366
UPI000A31982E		MUSCR		366
UPI0003D6ED0A		MOUSE		242

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
Q07104	Growth/differentiation factor 3		HUMAN		364	UniRef50_Q9NR23
Uncharacterized protein		MANLE		364
Uncharacterized protein		CERAT		364
Uncharacterized protein		RHIRO		364
Uncharacterized protein		Cebus capucinus imitator		364
+110

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	L06443 mRNA Translation: AAA53034.1 S52658 mRNA Translation: AAB24876.1 AK152457 mRNA Translation: BAE31235.1 AK160533 mRNA Translation: BAE35850.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS20499.1
PIRⁱ	A45402 A46607
RefSeqⁱ	NP_032134.2, NM_008108.5
UniGeneⁱ	Mm.299742

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q07104
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	199887, 1 interactor
STRINGⁱ	10090.ENSMUSP00000032211

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	Q07104
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	Q07104

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	Q07104
PeptideAtlasⁱ	Q07104
PRIDEⁱ	Q07104

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENSMUST00000032211; ENSMUSP00000032211; ENSMUSG00000030117
GeneIDⁱ	14562
KEGGⁱ	mmu:14562
UCSCⁱ	uc009dpm.1 mouse

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	9573
MGIⁱ	MGI:95686 Gdf3

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG3900 Eukaryota ENOG410XT8Z LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00910000143982
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000249476
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG004860
InParanoidⁱ	Q07104
KOⁱ	K22672
OMAⁱ	ANYCHGD
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0K7Z
TreeFamⁱ	TF351789

Miscellaneous databases

Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:Q07104
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSMUSG00000030117 Expressed in 44 organ(s), highest expression level in embryo
CleanExⁱ	MM_GDF3
Genevisibleⁱ	Q07104 MM

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	2.10.90.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR029034 Cystine-knot_cytokine IPR001839 TGF-b_C IPR001111 TGF-b_propeptide IPR015615 TGF-beta-rel IPR017948 TGFb_CS
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11848 PTHR11848, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00019 TGF_beta, 1 hit PF00688 TGFb_propeptide, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00204 TGFB, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF57501 SSF57501, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00250 TGF_BETA_1, 1 hit PS51362 TGF_BETA_2, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	GDF3_MOUSE
Accessionⁱ	Q07104Primary (citable) accession number: Q07104 Secondary accession number(s): Q3TUX1
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
	Last sequence update:	July 27, 2011
	Last modified:	September 12, 2018
	This is version 133 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
MGD cross-references
Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - Q07104 (GDF3_MOUSE)

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Growth/differentiation factor 3

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted

Other locations

Extracellular region or secreted

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ