Inhibin beta A chain

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• hormone activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• inhibin binding Source: MGI
• peptide hormone binding Source: MGI
• protein-containing complex binding Source: MGI
• signaling receptor binding Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase."
    Mathews L.S., Vale W.W.
    Cell 65:973-982(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Expression of type I and type IB receptors for activin in midgestation mouse embryos suggests distinct functions in organogensis."
    Verschuern K., Dewulf N., Goumans M.J., Lonnoy O., Freijen A., Grimsby S., Vande Spiegle K., ten Dijke P., Moren A., Vanscheeuwijck P., Heldin C.H., Miyazono K., Mummery C., Van Den Eijnden-Van Raaij J., Huylebroeck D.
    Mech. Dev. 52:109-123(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• type II activin receptor binding Source: MGI

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activin receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL
• cell cycle arrest Source: UniProtKB
• cellular response to cholesterol Source: MGI
• cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus Source: MGI
• endodermal cell differentiation Source: MGI
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: MGI
• eyelid development in camera-type eye Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Activins are critical modulators of growth and survival."
    Brown C.W., Li L., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Matzuk M.M.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 17:2404-2417(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Source: UniProtKB
• GABAergic neuron differentiation Source: MGI
• hair follicle development Source: UniProtKB
• hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Evidence for involvement of activin A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 in mammalian mesoderm and hematopoietic development."
    Johansson B.M., Wiles M.V.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:141-151(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hemoglobin biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
• male gonad development Source: UniProtKB
• mesodermal cell differentiation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Evidence for involvement of activin A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 in mammalian mesoderm and hematopoietic development."
    Johansson B.M., Wiles M.V.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:141-151(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mesoderm formation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Evidence for involvement of activin A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 in mammalian mesoderm and hematopoietic development."
    Johansson B.M., Wiles M.V.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:141-151(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell cycle Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of cell growth Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of hair follicle development Source: MGIInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Control of pelage hair follicle development and cycling by complex interactions between follistatin and activin."
    Nakamura M., Matzuk M.M., Gerstmayer B., Bosio A., Lauster R., Miyachi Y., Werner S., Paus R.
    FASEB J. 17:497-499(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• odontogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• ovarian follicle development Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: MGI
• positive regulation of ovulation Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Intraovarian activins are required for female fertility."
    Pangas S.A., Jorgez C.J., Tran M., Agno J., Li X., Brown C.W., Kumar T.R., Matzuk M.M.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 21:2458-2471(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Activins are critical modulators of growth and survival."
    Brown C.W., Li L., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Matzuk M.M.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 17:2404-2417(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Id genes are direct targets of bone morphogenetic protein induction in embryonic stem cells."
    Hollnagel A., Oehlmann V., Heymer J., Ruther U., Nordheim A.
    J. Biol. Chem. 274:19838-19845(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• progesterone secretion Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
• response to drug Source: UniProtKB
• roof of mouth development Source: UniProtKB
• SMAD protein signal transduction Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation Source: MGI

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• hormone activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• inhibin binding Source: MGI
• signaling receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase."
    Mathews L.S., Vale W.W.
    Cell 65:973-982(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Expression of type I and type IB receptors for activin in midgestation mouse embryos suggests distinct functions in organogensis."
    Verschuern K., Dewulf N., Goumans M.J., Lonnoy O., Freijen A., Grimsby S., Vande Spiegle K., ten Dijke P., Moren A., Vanscheeuwijck P., Heldin C.H., Miyazono K., Mummery C., Van Den Eijnden-Van Raaij J., Huylebroeck D.
    Mech. Dev. 52:109-123(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• type II activin receptor binding Source: MGI

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MPLLWLRGFL LASCWIIVRS SPTPGSEGHG SAPDCPSCAL ATLPKDGPNS 
        60         70         80         90        100
QPEMVEAVKK HILNMLHLKK RPDVTQPVPK AALLNAIRKL HVGKVGENGY 
       110        120        130        140        150
VEIEDDIGRR AEMNELMEQT SEIITFAESG TARKTLHFEI SKEGSDLSVV 
       160        170        180        190        200
ERAEVWLFLK VPKANRTRTK VTIRLFQQQK HPQGSLDTGD EAEEMGLKGE 
       210        220        230        240        250
RSELLLSEKV VDARKSTWHI FPVSSSIQRL LDQGKSSLDV RIACEQCQES 
       260        270        280        290        300
GASLVLLGKK KKKEVDGDGK KKDGSDGGLE EEKEQSHRPF LMLQARQSED 
       310        320        330        340        350
HPHRRRRRGL ECDGKVNICC KKQFFVSFKD IGWNDWIIAP SGYHANYCEG 
       360        370        380        390        400
ECPSHIAGTS GSSLSFHSTV INHYRMRGHS PFANLKSCCV PTKLRPMSML 
       410        420 
YYDDGQNIIK KDIQNMIVEE CGCS                             

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families