UniProtKB - P9WFK7 (EIS_MYCTU)
Protein
N-acetyltransferase Eis
Gene
eis
Organism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv)
Status
Functioni
Effector that is released into the host cell and affects host immune responses; it negatively modulates inflammation, macrophage autophagy, and cell death through redox-dependent signaling (PubMed:17259625, PubMed:21187903). Acts as an acetyltransferase. Acetylates 'Lys-55' of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 16 (DUSP16)/mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-7 (MKP-7), a JNK-specific phosphatase; this leads to the inhibition of JNK-dependent autophagy, phagosome maturation, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation for enhanced intracellular survival of M.tuberculosis (PubMed:22547814). Inhibits Con A-mediated T-cell proliferation in vitro (PubMed:17449476). Treatment of T-cells with Eis inhibits ERK1/2, JAK pathway, and subsequent production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-4 (IL-4); on the contrary, there is increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), which indicates that immunity in response to Eis treatment is skewed away from a protective T(H)1 response and Eis disturbs the cross regulation of T-cells (PubMed:17449476). When expressed in M.smegmatis, enhances intracellular survival of the bacteria in host macrophages during infection (PubMed:10629183).5 Publications
Can also acetylate multiple amine groups of many aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics, leading to their inactivation, and thus contributes to drug resistance (PubMed:19906990, PubMed:21628583, PubMed:24106131). Is also able to acetylate and deactivate the cyclic peptide antibiotic capreomycin, but not the other anti-tuberculous drugs isoniazid and pyrazinamide (PubMed:23233486). Acetylates kanamycin (KAN) more efficiently than amikacin (AMK), even though Eis seems to bind AMK with higher affinity (PubMed:19906990). Does not acetylate and inactivate streptomycin, apramycin and spectinomycin (PubMed:19906990, PubMed:21628583).4 Publications
Miscellaneous
Increased expression of eis due to point mutations in the promoter region of eis is responsible for resistance to the second-line injectable drug kanamycin in a number of M.tuberculosis clinical isolates, through acetylation of its amino groups, which leads to inactivation of the drug.1 Publication
Catalytic activityi
Activity regulationi
Is potently inhibited by several small-molecule that share an isothiazole S,S-dioxide heterocyclic core. Some of these inhibitors, when used in combination with KAN against resistant M.tuberculosis, efficiently overcome Eis-mediated KAN resistance by restoring the antibacterial activity of KAN.1 Publication
Kineticsi
kcat is 0.020 sec(-1) with amikacin as substrate. kcat is 0.039 sec(-1) with kanamycin as substrate. kcat is 0.070 sec(-1) with neamine as substrate. kcat is 0.130 sec(-1) with neomycin B as substrate. kcat is 0.482 sec(-1) with netilmicin as substrate. kcat is 0.058 sec(-1) with paromomycin as substrate. kcat is 0.270 sec(-1) with sisomicin as substrate. kcat is 0.162 sec(-1) with tobramycin as substrate (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0) (PubMed:21628583). kcat is 0.017 sec(-1) with amikacin as substrate. kcat is 0.032 sec(-1) with kanamycin A as substrate. kcat is 0.032 sec(-1) with paromomycin as substrate. kcat is 0.179 sec(-1) with tobramycin as substrate (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0) (PubMed:22547814). kcat is 1.25 sec(-1) with capreomycin as substrate (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0) (PubMed:23233486). Catalytic efficiency is 3-fold higher for acetylation of kanamycin than for acetylation of amikacin (PubMed:19906990).3 Publications
- KM=112 µM for amikacin1 Publication
- KM=75 µM for amikacin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=73 µM for amikacin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=154 µM for kanamycin1 Publication
- KM=99 µM for kanamycin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=81 µM for kanamycin A (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=178 µM for neamine (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=98 µM for neomycin B (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=48 µM for netilmicin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=82 µM for paromomycin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=85 µM for paromomycin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=58 µM for sisomicin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=63 µM for tobramycin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=71 µM for tobramycin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
- KM=654 µM for capreomycin (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 8.0)1 Publication
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active sitei | 126 | Proton donor1 Publication | 1 | |
Active sitei | 402 | Proton acceptor; via carboxylate1 Publication | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase activity Source: MTBBASE
- identical protein binding Source: IntAct
GO - Biological processi
- aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolic process Source: MTBBASE
- effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species Source: GO_Central
- growth of symbiont in host cell Source: MTBBASE
- growth of symbiont in host vacuole Source: MTBBASE
- modulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response Source: GO_Central
- modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response Source: MTBBASE
- modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death Source: MTBBASE
- response to antibiotic Source: UniProtKB-KW
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Acyltransferase, Transferase |
Biological process | Antibiotic resistance |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-HSA-9636569, Suppression of autophagy |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: N-acetyltransferase EisCurated (EC:2.3.1.-3 Publications)Alternative name(s): Aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase2 Publications Enhanced intracellular survival protein2 Publications Protein-lysine N-acetyltransferase1 Publication |
Gene namesi | Name:eis1 Publication Ordered Locus Names:Rv2416c ORF Names:MTCY253.04 |
Organismi | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 83332 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Bacteria › Actinobacteria › Corynebacteriales › Mycobacteriaceae › Mycobacterium › Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex › |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
TubercuListi | Rv2416c |
Subcellular locationi
- Secreted 1 Publication
- host phagosome 1 Publication
- bacterial extracellular vesicle 1 Publication
- Host extracellular space 1 Publication Note: Eis is present in the macrophage cytoplasm from 4 h to 96 h post-infection.1 Publication
GO - Cellular componenti
- bacterial extracellular vesicle Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- host cell cytoplasmic vesicle Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- host extracellular space Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Host cytoplasmic vesicle, SecretedPathology & Biotechi
Disruption phenotypei
No significant difference in terms of intracellular survival in U-397 macrophages and in an in vivo mouse aerosol model of infection (PubMed:17259625). A strain lacking this gene induces more TNF-alpha but less IL-10 production in primary human monocytes than wild-type (PubMed:17259625). Macrophages infected with a M.tuberculosis eis-deletion mutant display markedly increased accumulation of massive autophagic vacuoles and formation of autophagosomes in vitro and in vivo (PubMed:21187903). Infection of macrophages with this mutant increases the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 over the levels produced by infection with wild-type or complemented strains (PubMed:21187903). Elevated ROS generation in macrophages infected with this mutant (for which NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are largely responsible) render the cells highly sensitive to autophagy activation and cytokine production; despite considerable activation of autophagy and proinflammatory responses, these infected macrophages undergo caspase-independent cell death (PubMed:21187903).2 Publications
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 119 | H → A: Decreases catalytic activity on AG substrates, leads to a change in the number of acetylated sites. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 126 | Y → A: Abolishes catalytic activity on AG substrates. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 197 | W → A: Abolishes catalytic activity on AG substrates. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 204 | C → A: No effect on catalytic activity on AG substrates. Prevents artifactual CoA adduct formation during crystallization. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 292 | D → A: Nearly abolishes catalytic activity on AG substrates. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 310 | Y → A: Nearly abolishes catalytic activity on AG substrates. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 400 – 402 | Missing : Nearly abolishes catalytic activity on AG substrates. 1 Publication | 3 |
Chemistry databases
ChEMBLi | CHEMBL3879870 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initiator methioninei | Removed1 Publication | |||
ChainiPRO_0000220262 | 2 – 402 | N-acetyltransferase EisAdd BLAST | 401 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | P9WFK7 |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Homohexamer; trimer of dimers.
2 PublicationsBinary interactionsi
P9WFK7
With | #Exp. | IntAct |
---|---|---|
itself | 2 | EBI-15929122,EBI-15929122 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- identical protein binding Source: IntAct
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 83332.Rv2416c |
Chemistry databases
BindingDBi | P9WFK7 |
Structurei
Secondary structure
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details3D structure databases
SMRi | P9WFK7 |
ModBasei | Search... |
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 3 – 154 | N-acetyltransferaseAdd BLAST | 152 |
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 85 – 87 | Acetyl-CoA bindingCombined sources1 Publication1 Publication | 3 | |
Regioni | 93 – 98 | Acetyl-CoA bindingCombined sources3 Publications1 Publication | 6 | |
Regioni | 121 – 122 | Acetyl-CoA bindingCombined sources1 Publication1 Publication | 2 |
Domaini
The Eis monomer consists of three regions that are assembled into a heart-shaped molecule (PubMed:21628583). This shape is formed by an unusual fusion of two general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) regions and a C-terminal region (PubMed:21628583). The N-acetyltransferase domain of Eis is responsible for its modulation of ROS generation and proinflammatory responses in macrophages (PubMed:21187903).2 Publications
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the acetyltransferase Eis family.UniRule annotation
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | COG4552, Bacteria |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.30.1050.10, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_01812, Eis, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR041380, Acetyltransf_17 IPR016181, Acyl_CoA_acyltransferase IPR025559, Eis_dom IPR000182, GNAT_dom IPR022902, NAcTrfase_Eis IPR036527, SCP2_sterol-bd_dom_sf |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF17668, Acetyltransf_17, 1 hit PF13530, SCP2_2, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF55718, SSF55718, 1 hit SSF55729, SSF55729, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51186, GNAT, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
P9WFK7-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MTVTLCSPTE DDWPGMFLLA AASFTDFIGP ESATAWRTLV PTDGAVVVRD
60 70 80 90 100
GAGPGSEVVG MALYMDLRLT VPGEVVLPTA GLSFVAVAPT HRRRGLLRAM
110 120 130 140 150
CAELHRRIAD SGYPVAALHA SEGGIYGRFG YGPATTLHEL TVDRRFARFH
160 170 180 190 200
ADAPGGGLGG SSVRLVRPTE HRGEFEAIYE RWRQQVPGGL LRPQVLWDEL
210 220 230 240 250
LAECKAAPGG DRESFALLHP DGYALYRVDR TDLKLARVSE LRAVTADAHC
260 270 280 290 300
ALWRALIGLD SMERISIITH PQDPLPHLLT DTRLARTTWR QDGLWLRIMN
310 320 330 340 350
VPAALEARGY AHEVGEFSTV LEVSDGGRFA LKIGDGRARC TPTDAAAEIE
360 370 380 390 400
MDRDVLGSLY LGAHRASTLA AANRLRTKDS QLLRRLDAAF ASDVPVQTAF
EF
Sequence cautioni
The sequence AAF03768 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Truncated N-terminus.Curated
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AL123456 Genomic DNA Translation: CCP45207.1 AF144099 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF03768.1 Different initiation. |
PIRi | C70685 |
RefSeqi | NP_216932.2, NC_000962.3 WP_003903886.1, NC_000962.3 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteriai | CCP45207; CCP45207; Rv2416c |
GeneIDi | 885903 |
KEGGi | mtu:Rv2416c mtv:RVBD_2416c |
PATRICi | fig|83332.12.peg.2706 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AL123456 Genomic DNA Translation: CCP45207.1 AF144099 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF03768.1 Different initiation. |
PIRi | C70685 |
RefSeqi | NP_216932.2, NC_000962.3 WP_003903886.1, NC_000962.3 |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
3R1K | X-ray | 1.95 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
3RYO | X-ray | 2.80 | A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L | 1-402 | [»] | |
3SXO | X-ray | 2.50 | A/B | 1-402 | [»] | |
3UY5 | X-ray | 2.50 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
4JD6 | X-ray | 3.50 | A/B/C/D/E/F | 1-402 | [»] | |
5EBV | X-ray | 2.20 | A | 2-402 | [»] | |
5EC4 | X-ray | 2.21 | A | 2-402 | [»] | |
5IV0 | X-ray | 2.10 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
5TVJ | X-ray | 2.30 | A | 2-402 | [»] | |
6B0U | X-ray | 2.80 | A/B/C | 1-402 | [»] | |
6B3T | X-ray | 2.40 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6P3T | X-ray | 2.50 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6P3U | X-ray | 2.55 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6P3V | X-ray | 2.50 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUR | X-ray | 2.20 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUS | X-ray | 2.28 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUT | X-ray | 2.73 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUU | X-ray | 2.60 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUW | X-ray | 2.87 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUX | X-ray | 1.97 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUY | X-ray | 2.70 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VUZ | X-ray | 2.65 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VV0 | X-ray | 3.00 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VV1 | X-ray | 2.45 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VV2 | X-ray | 2.95 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
6VV3 | X-ray | 2.40 | A | 1-402 | [»] | |
SMRi | P9WFK7 | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 83332.Rv2416c |
Chemistry databases
BindingDBi | P9WFK7 |
ChEMBLi | CHEMBL3879870 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | P9WFK7 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteriai | CCP45207; CCP45207; Rv2416c |
GeneIDi | 885903 |
KEGGi | mtu:Rv2416c mtv:RVBD_2416c |
PATRICi | fig|83332.12.peg.2706 |
Organism-specific databases
TubercuListi | Rv2416c |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | COG4552, Bacteria |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-HSA-9636569, Suppression of autophagy |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.30.1050.10, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_01812, Eis, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR041380, Acetyltransf_17 IPR016181, Acyl_CoA_acyltransferase IPR025559, Eis_dom IPR000182, GNAT_dom IPR022902, NAcTrfase_Eis IPR036527, SCP2_sterol-bd_dom_sf |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF17668, Acetyltransf_17, 1 hit PF13530, SCP2_2, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF55718, SSF55718, 1 hit SSF55729, SSF55729, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51186, GNAT, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | EIS_MYCTU | |
Accessioni | P9WFK7Primary (citable) accession number: P9WFK7 Secondary accession number(s): L0TCA0, P71727, Q9RG79 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 16, 2014 |
Last sequence update: | February 15, 2017 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 47 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
3D-structure, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteomeDocuments
- Uncharacterized protein families (UPF)
List of uncharacterized protein family (UPF) entries - PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families