UniProtKB - P97840 (LEG9_RAT)
Galectin-9
Lgals9
Functioni
Binds galactosides (By similarity).
Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (By similarity).
Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (By similarity).
Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (By similarity).
Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth (By similarity).
Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (By similarity).
Ligand for CD44; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (By similarity).
Promotes ability of mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation (By similarity).
Expands regulatory T-cells and induces cytotoxic T-cell apoptosis following virus infection (By similarity).
Activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation inducing cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and chemokine (CCL2) production in mast and dendritic cells (By similarity).
Inhibits degranulation and induces apoptosis of mast cells (By similarity).
Induces maturation and migration of dendritic cells (By similarity).
Inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function (By similarity).
Can transform NK cell phenotype from peripheral to decidual during pregnancy (By similarity).
Astrocyte derived galectin-9 enhances microglial TNF production (PubMed:25158758).
May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. May provide the molecular basis for urate flux across cell membranes, allowing urate that is formed during purine metabolism to efflux from cells and serving as an electrogenic transporter that plays an important role in renal and gastrointestinal urate excretion (PubMed:8995305).
Highly selective to the anion urate (PubMed:8995305).
By similarity2 PublicationsMiscellaneous
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Binding sitei | 47 | Beta-galactoside 1By similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 60 | Beta-galactoside 1By similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 64 | Beta-galactoside 1By similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 74 | Beta-galactoside 1By similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 266 | Beta-galactoside 2By similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 270 | Beta-galactoside 2By similarity | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 280 | Beta-galactoside 2By similarity | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- carbohydrate binding Source: UniProtKB
- disaccharide binding Source: RGD
- enzyme binding Source: RGD
- galactoside binding Source: RGD
- protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity Source: RGD
- signaling receptor binding Source: RGD
GO - Biological processi
- cellular response to interferon-gamma Source: RGD
- cellular response to virus Source: RGD
- ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: RGD
- female pregnancy Source: RGD
- inflammatory response Source: RGD
- ion transport Source: UniProtKB-KW
- maintenance of protein location Source: RGD
- maternal process involved in female pregnancy Source: RGD
- natural killer cell tolerance induction Source: RGD
- negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation Source: RGD
- negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation Source: RGD
- negative regulation of chemokine production Source: RGD
- negative regulation of gene expression Source: RGD
- negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: RGD
- negative regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: RGD
- negative regulation of mast cell degranulation Source: RGD
- negative regulation of natural killer cell activation Source: RGD
- negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation Source: RGD
- negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity Source: RGD
- negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: RGD
- p38MAPK cascade Source: RGD
- positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death Source: RGD
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation Source: RGD
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response Source: RGD
- positive regulation of chemokine production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Source: RGD
- positive regulation of cytokine production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of defense response to bacterium Source: RGD
- positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process Source: RGD
- positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis Source: RGD
- positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation Source: RGD
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: RGD
- positive regulation of gene expression Source: RGD
- positive regulation of innate immune response Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-10 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-12 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-13 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-1 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-4 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of macrophage activation Source: RGD
- positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: RGD
- positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: RGD
- positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity Source: RGD
- positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source: RGD
- positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation Source: RGD
- positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell Source: RGD
- positive regulation of T cell migration Source: RGD
- positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: RGD
- positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: RGD
- positive regulation of viral entry into host cell Source: RGD
- regulation of natural killer cell differentiation Source: RGD
- response to interleukin-1 Source: RGD
- response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGD
- toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Biological process | Immunity, Ion transport, Transport |
Ligand | Lectin |
Protein family/group databases
TCDBi | 9.B.9.1.1, the urate transporter (uat) family |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Galectin-9Short name: Gal-9 Alternative name(s): 36 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin Urate transporter/channel Short name: UAT |
Gene namesi | Name:Lgals9 |
Organismi | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10116 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
RGDi | 3005, Lgals9 |
Subcellular locationi
Cytosol
- cytosol Source: GO_Central
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular space Source: RGD
Nucleus
- nucleus Source: RGD
Other locations
- cytoplasm Source: RGD
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Cytoplasm, Nucleus, SecretedPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000076948 | 1 – 354 | Galectin-9Add BLAST | 354 |
Proteomic databases
jPOSTi | P97840 |
PaxDbi | P97840 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P97840 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P97840 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Inductioni
Interactioni
GO - Molecular functioni
- enzyme binding Source: RGD
- signaling receptor binding Source: RGD
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000017042 |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 17 – 147 | Galectin 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 131 | |
Domaini | 226 – 354 | Galectin 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 129 |
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 81 – 87 | Beta-galactoside binding 1By similarity | 7 | |
Regioni | 286 – 292 | Beta-galactoside binding 2By similarity | 7 |
Domaini
Keywords - Domaini
RepeatPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG3587, Eukaryota |
InParanoidi | P97840 |
OrthoDBi | 829777at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | P97840 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00070, GLECT, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR013320, ConA-like_dom_sf IPR044156, Galectin-like IPR001079, Galectin_CRD |
PANTHERi | PTHR11346, PTHR11346, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00337, Gal-bind_lectin, 2 hits |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00908, Gal-bind_lectin, 2 hits SM00276, GLECT, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF49899, SSF49899, 2 hits |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51304, GALECTIN, 2 hits |
s (2+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
This entry describes 2 produced by isoformsialternative splicing. AlignAdd to basketThis entry has 2 described isoforms and 6 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
This isoform has been chosen as the sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. canonicali
10 20 30 40 50
MAFFSTQPPY MNPVIPFTGI IQGGLQNGLQ ITLQGTVHPF PNRIAVNFQT
60 70 80 90 100
GFSGNDIAFH FNPRFEEGGY VVCNTKQNGK WGPEERKMQM PFQKGMPFEL
110 120 130 140 150
CFLVQRSEFK VMVNKNFFVQ YSHRVPYHLV DTISVSGCLH LSFINFQNST
160 170 180 190 200
AAPVQPVFST MQFSQPVQFP RMPKGRKQRT QGFQPALQAP VAQTIIHTVH
210 220 230 240 250
SIPGQMLSTP GIPPMAYPTP AYTIPFFTSI PNGFYPSKSI NISGVVLPDA
260 270 280 290 300
KRFHINLRCG GDIAFHLNPR FNEKVVVRNT QINNSWGPEE RSLPGRMPFN
310 320 330 340 350
RGQSFSVWIL CEGHCFKVAV DGQHICEYYH RLKNLPDINT LEVAGDIQLT
HVQT
The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
148-179: Missing.
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There are 6 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketQ6P7Q6 | Q6P7Q6_RAT | Galectin | Lgals9 rCG_33388 | 322 | Annotation score: | ||
G3V7N8 | G3V7N8_RAT | Galectin | Lgals9 rCG_33388 | 354 | Annotation score: | ||
A0A1W2Q6B5 | A0A1W2Q6B5_RAT | Galectin | Lgals9 | 310 | Annotation score: | ||
A0A1W2Q6D2 | A0A1W2Q6D2_RAT | Galectin | Lgals9 | 211 | Annotation score: | ||
A0A1W2Q608 | A0A1W2Q608_RAT | Galectin-9 | Lgals9 | 342 | Annotation score: | ||
A0A8I6G4S4 | A0A8I6G4S4_RAT | Galectin-9 | Lgals9 | 160 | Annotation score: |
Alternative sequence
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative sequenceiVSP_003098 | 148 – 179 | Missing in isoform Short. 2 PublicationsAdd BLAST | 32 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | U59462 mRNA Translation: AAB51192.1 U72741 mRNA Translation: AAB68592.1 U67958 mRNA Translation: AAB48591.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_037109.1, NM_012977.1 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 25476 |
KEGGi | rno:25476 |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
Alternative splicingSimilar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | U59462 mRNA Translation: AAB51192.1 U72741 mRNA Translation: AAB68592.1 U67958 mRNA Translation: AAB48591.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_037109.1, NM_012977.1 |
3D structure databases
AlphaFoldDBi | P97840 |
SMRi | P97840 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000017042 |
Protein family/group databases
TCDBi | 9.B.9.1.1, the urate transporter (uat) family |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P97840 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P97840 |
Proteomic databases
jPOSTi | P97840 |
PaxDbi | P97840 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 25476 |
KEGGi | rno:25476 |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 3965 |
RGDi | 3005, Lgals9 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG3587, Eukaryota |
InParanoidi | P97840 |
OrthoDBi | 829777at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | P97840 |
Miscellaneous databases
PROi | PR:P97840 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00070, GLECT, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR013320, ConA-like_dom_sf IPR044156, Galectin-like IPR001079, Galectin_CRD |
PANTHERi | PTHR11346, PTHR11346, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00337, Gal-bind_lectin, 2 hits |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00908, Gal-bind_lectin, 2 hits SM00276, GLECT, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF49899, SSF49899, 2 hits |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51304, GALECTIN, 2 hits |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | LEG9_RAT | |
Accessioni | P97840Primary (citable) accession number: P97840 Secondary accession number(s): O08588, O35866 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | November 1, 1997 |
Last sequence update: | July 15, 1998 | |
Last modified: | May 25, 2022 | |
This is version 142 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |