85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.

  + H₂O

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  = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  + a fatty acid

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  + H⁺

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  EC:3.1.1.4
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  Source: Rhea

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  a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  • Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule.
  • Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule.
  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.

  zoom

  +

  H₂O

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  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.

  

  =

  a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  • Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule.
  • Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule.
  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.

  zoom

  +

  a fatty acid

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  • Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule.
  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.

  zoom

  +

  H⁺

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  • Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule.
  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.

  

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes regulatory mechanisms for enzymes, transporters or microbial transcription factors, and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction.<p><a href='/help/activity_regulation' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Activity regulationⁱ

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• ATP-dependent protein binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on group VIA phospholipase A2 in beta cells include tyrosine phosphorylation and increased association with calnexin."
    Song H., Rohrs H., Tan M., Wohltmann M., Ladenson J.H., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:33843-33857(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Pancreatic islets express a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 enzyme that contains a repeated structural homologous to the integral membrane protein binding domain of ankyrin."
    Ma Z., Ramanadham S., Kempe K., Chi X.S., Ladenson J., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:11118-11127(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM SHORT).
• calmodulin binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
• phospholipase A2 activity Source: Reactome
• phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) Source: UniProtKB-EC
• phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) Source: UniProtKB-EC
• protein kinase binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Group VIA phospholipase A2 forms a signaling complex with the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta expressed in pancreatic islet beta-cells."
    Wang Z., Ramanadham S., Ma Z.A., Bao S., Mancuso D.J., Gross R.W., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:6840-6849(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• serine hydrolase activity Source: Ensembl

GO - Biological processⁱ

• antibacterial humoral response Source: Ensembl
• cardiolipin biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB-KW
• lipid catabolic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
• maternal process involved in female pregnancy Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Gestation age-related increase in 50-kDa rat uterine calcium-independent phospholipase A2 expression influences uterine sensitivity to polychlorinated biphenyl stimulation."
    Brant K., Guan W., Tithof P., Caruso R.L.
    Biol. Reprod. 74:874-880(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• memory Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity in rat hippocampus impairs acquisition of short- and long-term memory."
    Schaeffer E.L., Gattaz W.F.
    Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 181:392-400(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Postsynaptic injection of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 inhibitors selectively increases AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission."
    St-Gelais F., Menard C., Congar P., Trudeau L.E., Massicotte G.
    Hippocampus 14:319-325(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Group VIA phospholipase A2 forms a signaling complex with the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta expressed in pancreatic islet beta-cells."
    Wang Z., Ramanadham S., Ma Z.A., Bao S., Mancuso D.J., Gross R.W., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:6840-6849(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of blood vessel diameter Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)-derived arachidonic acid is essential for endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine."
    Seegers H.C., Gross R.W., Boyle W.A.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302:918-923(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2 beta)-mediated ceramide generation plays a key role in the cross-talk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria during ER stress-induced insulin-secreting cell apoptosis."
    Lei X., Zhang S., Bohrer A., Ramanadham S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:34819-34832(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Proinflammatory treatment of astrocytes with lipopolysaccharide results in augmented Ca2+ signaling through increased expression of via phospholipase A2 (iPLA2)."
    Strokin M., Sergeeva M., Reiser G.
    Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 300:C542-9(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of exocytosis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Pardaxin stimulation of phospholipases A2 and their involvement in exocytosis in PC-12 cells."
    Bloch-Shilderman E., Abu-Raya S., Trembovler V., Boschwitz H., Gruzman A., Linial M., Lazarovici P.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 301:953-962(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Studies of insulin secretory responses and of arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids of stably transfected insulinoma cells that overexpress group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2beta ) indicate a signaling rather than a housekeeping role for iPLA2beta."
    Ma Z., Ramanadham S., Wohltmann M., Bohrer A., Hsu F.F., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:13198-13208(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of a cAMP-response element in the regulator of G-protein signaling-2 (RGS2) promoter as a key cis-regulatory element for RGS2 transcriptional regulation by angiotensin II in cultured vascular smooth muscles."
    Xie Z., Liu D., Liu S., Calderon L., Zhao G., Turk J., Guo Z.
    J. Biol. Chem. 286:44646-44658(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Group VIA phospholipase A2 forms a signaling complex with the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta expressed in pancreatic islet beta-cells."
    Wang Z., Ramanadham S., Ma Z.A., Bao S., Mancuso D.J., Gross R.W., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:6840-6849(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2 beta)-mediated ceramide generation plays a key role in the cross-talk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria during ER stress-induced insulin-secreting cell apoptosis."
    Lei X., Zhang S., Bohrer A., Ramanadham S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:34819-34832(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 is a novel determinant of store-operated Ca2+ entry."
    Smani T., Zakharov S.I., Leno E., Csutora P., Trepakova E.S., Bolotina V.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:11909-11915(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on group VIA phospholipase A2 in beta cells include tyrosine phosphorylation and increased association with calnexin."
    Song H., Rohrs H., Tan M., Wohltmann M., Ladenson J.H., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:33843-33857(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Possible involvement of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 in protease-activated receptor-2-mediated contraction of rat urinary bladder."
    Kubota Y., Nakahara T., Mitani A., Maruko T., Saito M., Sakamoto K., Ishii K.
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 367:588-591(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• ATP-dependent protein binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on group VIA phospholipase A2 in beta cells include tyrosine phosphorylation and increased association with calnexin."
    Song H., Rohrs H., Tan M., Wohltmann M., Ladenson J.H., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:33843-33857(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• calmodulin binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
• protein kinase binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Group VIA phospholipase A2 forms a signaling complex with the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta expressed in pancreatic islet beta-cells."
    Wang Z., Ramanadham S., Ma Z.A., Bao S., Mancuso D.J., Gross R.W., Turk J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:6840-6849(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Motif

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MQFFGRLVNT LSSVTNLFSN PFRVKEVSLA DYASSERVRE EGQLILLQNA 
        60         70         80         90        100
SNRTWDCVLV SPRNPQSGFR LFQLESEADA LVNFQQYSSQ LPPFYESSVQ 
       110        120        130        140        150
VLHVEVLQHL TDLIRNHPSW TVTHLAVELG IRECFHHSRI ISCANSTENE 
       160        170        180        190        200
EGCTPLHLAC RKGDSEILVE LVQYCHAQMD VTDNKGETAF HYAVQGDNPQ 
       210        220        230        240        250
VLQLLGKNAS AGLNQVNNQG LTPLHLACQM GKQEMVRVLL LCNARCNIMG 
       260        270        280        290        300
PGGFPIHTAM KFSQKGCAEM IISMDSNQIH SKDPRYGASP LHWAKNAEMA 
       310        320        330        340        350
RMLLKRGCDV DSTSASGNTA LHVAVTRNRF DCVMVLLTYG ANAGARGEHG 
       360        370        380        390        400
NTPLHLAMSK DNMEMVKALI VFGAEVDTPN DFGETPAFIA SKISKLITRK 
       410        420        430        440        450
ALLTLLKTVG ADYHFPFIQG VSTEQSSAAG PHPFFSLDRT QPPTISLNNL 
       460        470        480        490        500
ELQDLMPVSR ARKPAFILSS MRDEKRSHDH LLCLDGGGVK GLVIIQLLIA 
       510        520        530        540        550
IEKASGVATK DLFDWVAGTS TGGILALAIL HSKSMAYMRG VYFRMKDEVF 
       560        570        580        590        600
RGSRPYESGP LEEFLKREFG EHTKMTDVKK PKVMLTGTLS DRQPAELHLF 
       610        620        630        640        650
RNYDAPEAVR EPRCTPNINL KPPTQPADQL VWRAARSSGA APTYFRPNGR 
       660        670        680        690        700
FLDGGLLANN PTLDAMTEIH EYNQDMIRKG QGNKVKKLSI VVSLGTGKSP 
       710        720        730        740        750
QVPVTCVDVF RPSNPWELAK TVFGAKELGK MVVDCCTDPD GRAVDRARAW 
       760        770        780        790        800
CEMVGIQYFR LNPQLGSDIM LDEVSDAVLV NALWETEVYI YEHREEFQKL 

VQLLLSP                                                

        10         20         30         40         50
MQFFGRLVNT LSSVTNLFSN PFRVKEVSLA DYASSERVRE EGQLILLQNA 
        60         70         80         90        100
SNRTWDCVLV SPRNPQSGFR LFQLESEADA LVNFQQYSSQ LPPFYESSVQ 
       110        120        130        140        150
VLHVEVLQHL TDLIRNHPSW TVTHLAVELG IRECFHHSRI ISCANSTENE 
       160        170        180        190        200
EGCTPLHLAC RKGDSEILVE LVQYCHAQMD VTDNKGETAF HYAVQGDNPQ 
       210        220        230        240        250
VLQLLGKNAS AGLNQVNNQG LTPLHLACQM GKQEMVRVLL LCNARCNIMG 
       260        270        280        290        300
PGGFPIHTAM KFSQKGCAEM IISMDSNQIH SKDPRYGASP LHWAKNAEMA 
       310        320        330        340        350
RMLLKRGCDV DSTSASGNTA LHVAVTRNRF DCVMVLLTYG ANAGARGEHG 
       360        370        380        390        400
NTPLHLAMSK DNMEMVKALI VFGAEVDTPN DFGETPAFIA SKISKQLQDL 
       410        420        430        440        450
MPVSRARKPA FILSSMRDEK RSHDHLLCLD GGGVKGLVII QLLIAIEKAS 
       460        470        480        490        500
GVATKDLFDW VAGTSTGGIL ALAILHSKSM AYMRGVYFRM KDEVFRGSRP 
       510        520        530        540        550
YESGPLEEFL KREFGEHTKM TDVKKPKVML TGTLSDRQPA ELHLFRNYDA 
       560        570        580        590        600
PEAVREPRCT PNINLKPPTQ PADQLVWRAA RSSGAAPTYF RPNGRFLDGG 
       610        620        630        640        650
LLANNPTLDA MTEIHEYNQD MIRKGQGNKV KKLSIVVSLG TGKSPQVPVT 
       660        670        680        690        700
CVDVFRPSNP WELAKTVFGA KELGKMVVDC CTDPDGRAVD RARAWCEMVG 
       710        720        730        740        750
IQYFRLNPQL GSDIMLDEVS DAVLVNALWE TEVYIYEHRE EFQKLVQLLL 

SP                                                     

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ