Hepcidin

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• copper ion binding Source: Ensembl
• hormone activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Hepcidin-induced endocytosis of ferroportin is dependent on ferroportin ubiquitination."
    Qiao B., Sugianto P., Fung E., Del-Castillo-Rueda A., Moran-Jimenez M.J., Ganz T., Nemeth E.
    Cell Metab 15:918-924(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• iron ion transmembrane transporter inhibitor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Hepcidin-induced endocytosis of ferroportin is dependent on ferroportin ubiquitination."
    Qiao B., Sugianto P., Fung E., Del-Castillo-Rueda A., Moran-Jimenez M.J., Ganz T., Nemeth E.
    Cell Metab 15:918-924(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• acute-phase response Source: Ensembl
• aging Source: Ensembl
• antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity."
    Krause A., Neitz S., Maegert H.-J., Schulz A., Forssmann W.-G., Schulz-Knappe P., Adermann K.
    FEBS Lett. 480:147-150(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
  • Ref.1

    "Hepcidin: a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver."
    Park C.H., Valore E.V., Waring A.J., Ganz T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:7806-7810(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84.
• cellular iron ion homeostasis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to bile acid Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to interleukin-6 Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to X-ray Source: Ensembl
• defense response to bacterium Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to fungus Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Hepcidin: a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver."
    Park C.H., Valore E.V., Waring A.J., Ganz T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:7806-7810(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84.
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity."
    Krause A., Neitz S., Maegert H.-J., Schulz A., Forssmann W.-G., Schulz-Knappe P., Adermann K.
    FEBS Lett. 480:147-150(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
  • Ref.1

    "Hepcidin: a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver."
    Park C.H., Valore E.V., Waring A.J., Ganz T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:7806-7810(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84.
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity."
    Krause A., Neitz S., Maegert H.-J., Schulz A., Forssmann W.-G., Schulz-Knappe P., Adermann K.
    FEBS Lett. 480:147-150(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
  • Ref.1

    "Hepcidin: a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver."
    Park C.H., Valore E.V., Waring A.J., Ganz T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:7806-7810(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84.
• immune response Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Hepcidin: a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver."
    Park C.H., Valore E.V., Waring A.J., Ganz T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:7806-7810(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84.
• killing of cells of other organism Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Hepcidin: a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver."
    Park C.H., Valore E.V., Waring A.J., Ganz T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:7806-7810(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-84.
• liver regeneration Source: Ensembl
• multicellular organismal iron ion homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mutant antimicrobial peptide hepcidin is associated with severe juvenile hemochromatosis."
    Roetto A., Papanikolaou G., Politou M., Alberti F., Girelli D., Christakis J., Loukopoulos D., Camaschella C.
    Nat Genet 33:21-22(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• myeloid cell homeostasis Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of bone resorption Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of intestinal absorption Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mutant antimicrobial peptide hepcidin is associated with severe juvenile hemochromatosis."
    Roetto A., Papanikolaou G., Politou M., Alberti F., Girelli D., Christakis J., Loukopoulos D., Camaschella C.
    Nat Genet 33:21-22(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of iron export across plasma membrane Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of macrophage activation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of protein polyubiquitination Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin-induced endocytosis of ferroportin is dependent on ferroportin ubiquitination."
    Qiao B., Sugianto P., Fung E., Del-Castillo-Rueda A., Moran-Jimenez M.J., Ganz T., Nemeth E.
    Cell Metab 15:918-924(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of receptor catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of receptor internalization Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: Ensembl
• receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT Source: Ensembl
• response to erythropoietin Source: Ensembl
• response to ethanol Source: Ensembl
• response to iron ion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mutant antimicrobial peptide hepcidin is associated with severe juvenile hemochromatosis."
    Roetto A., Papanikolaou G., Politou M., Alberti F., Girelli D., Christakis J., Loukopoulos D., Camaschella C.
    Nat Genet 33:21-22(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to iron ion starvation Source: Ensembl
• response to vitamin A Source: Ensembl
• response to zinc ion Source: Ensembl

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Pathology and Biotech' section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Genetic variation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• hormone activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Hepcidin-induced endocytosis of ferroportin is dependent on ferroportin ubiquitination."
    Qiao B., Sugianto P., Fung E., Del-Castillo-Rueda A., Moran-Jimenez M.J., Ganz T., Nemeth E.
    Cell Metab 15:918-924(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization."
    Nemeth E., Tuttle M.S., Powelson J., Vaughn M.B., Donovan A., Ward D.M., Ganz T., Kaplan J.
    Science 306:2090-2093(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Hepcidin-induced endocytosis of ferroportin is dependent on ferroportin ubiquitination."
    Qiao B., Sugianto P., Fung E., Del-Castillo-Rueda A., Moran-Jimenez M.J., Ganz T., Nemeth E.
    Cell Metab 15:918-924(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MALSSQIWAA CLLLLLLLAS LTSGSVFPQQ TGQLAELQPQ DRAGARASWM 
        60         70         80 
PMFQRRRRRD THFPICIFCC GCCHRSKCGM CCKT                  

Experimental Info

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide(s).<p><a href='/help/mass_spectrometry' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mass spectrometryⁱ

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

Genetic variation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 19
   Human chromosome 19: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. Human entries with genetic variants
   List of human entries with genetic variants
3. Human variants curated from literature reports
   Index of human variants curated from literature reports
4. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
5. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
6. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families