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UniProtKB - P78061 (PUUA_ECOLI)

Entry version 149 (25 May 2022)
Sequence version 2 (11 Jul 2001)
Previous versions | rss
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Protein

Gamma-glutamylputrescine synthetase PuuA

Gene

puuA

Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score:

Annotation score:5 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>-Experimental evidence at protein leveli <p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.<p><a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Involved in the breakdown of putrescine. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent gamma-glutamylation of putrescine, producing gamma-L-glutamylputrescine. Absolutely essential to utilize putrescine as both nitrogen and carbon sources and to decrease the toxicity of putrescine, which can lead to inhibition of cell growth and protein synthesis. In vitro is also able to use several diamines, and spermidine and spermine, instead of putrescine, but with a much lower activity, and cannot catalyze the gamma-glutamylation of ornithine or GABA (PubMed:18495664).

2 Publications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityi

<p>This subsection of the 'Function' section provides information relevant to cofactors. A cofactor is any non-protein substance required for a protein to be catalytically active. Some cofactors are inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in various oxidation states. Others, such as most vitamins, are organic.<p><a href='/help/cofactor' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cofactori

Mg2+1 Publication, Mn2+1 PublicationNote: Requires Mg2+, that can be substituted by Mn2+.1 Publication

<p>This subsection of the 'Function' section describes biophysical and chemical properties, such as maximal absorption, kinetic parameters, pH dependence, redox potentials and temperature dependence.<p><a href='/help/biophysicochemical_properties' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Kineticsi

  1. KM=2.07 mM for glutamate (at pH 8 and at 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
  2. KM=2.25 mM for ATP (at pH 8 and at 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
  3. KM=44.6 mM for putrescine (at pH 8 and at 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
  1. Vmax=6.71 µmol/min/mg enzyme with putrescine as substrate (at pH 8 and at 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication

pH dependencei

Optimum pH is 9.1 Publication

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathway' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathwayi: putrescine degradation

This protein is involved in step 1 of the subpathway that synthesizes 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine.1 Publication This subpathway is part of the pathway putrescine degradation, which is itself part of Amine and polyamine degradation.
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine, the pathway putrescine degradation and in Amine and polyamine degradation.

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processi

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsi

Molecular functionLigase
LigandATP-binding, Magnesium, Manganese, Nucleotide-binding

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyc Collection of Pathway/Genome Databases

More...BioCyci		EcoCyc:G6644-MONOMER

UniPathway: a resource for the exploration and annotation of metabolic pathways

More...UniPathwayi		UPA00188;UER00880

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.<p><a href='/help/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Gamma-glutamylputrescine synthetase PuuA1 Publication (EC:6.3.1.111 Publication)
Short name:
Gamma-Glu-Put synthetase
Alternative name(s):
Glutamate--putrescine ligase1 Publication
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. Four distinct tokens exist: 'Name', 'Synonyms', 'Ordered locus names' and 'ORF names'.<p><a href='/help/gene_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Gene namesi
Name:puuA1 Publication
Synonyms:ycjK
Ordered Locus Names:b1297, JW5201
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>OrganismiEscherichia coli (strain K12)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the 'taxonomic identifier' or 'taxid'.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri83333 [NCBI]
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineageiBacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacterales › Enterobacteriaceae › Escherichia ›
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section is present for entries that are part of a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/proteomes">proteome</a>, i.e. of a set of proteins thought to be expressed by organisms whose genomes have been completely sequenced.<p><a href='/help/proteomes_manual' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Proteomesi
  • UP000000318 <p>A UniProt <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/proteomes%5Fmanual">proteome</a> can consist of several components.<br></br>The component name refers to the genomic component encoding a set of proteins.<p><a href='/help/proteome_component' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Componenti: Chromosome
  • UP000000625 Componenti: Chromosome

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

<p>This subsection of the 'Pathology and Biotech' section describes the in vivo effects caused by ablation of the gene (or one or more transcripts) coding for the protein described in the entry. This includes gene knockout and knockdown, provided experiments have been performed in the context of a whole organism or a specific tissue, and not at the single-cell level.<p><a href='/help/disruption_phenotype' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Disruption phenotypei

Cells lacking this gene can not grow on putrescine as the sole source of carbon or nitrogen.1 Publication

Mutagenesis

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/pathology%5Fand%5Fbiotech%5Fsection">'Pathology and Biotech'</a> section describes the effect of the experimental mutation of one or more amino acid(s) on the biological properties of the protein.<p><a href='/help/mutagen' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mutagenesisi282H → N: Activity is impaired to 9% of wild-type. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi357R → Q: Activity is impaired to 3% of wild-type. 1 Publication1

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing or proteolytic cleavage.<p><a href='/help/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>ChainiPRO_00001532801 – 472Gamma-glutamylputrescine synthetase PuuAAdd BLAST472

Proteomic databases

jPOST - Japan Proteome Standard Repository/Database

More...jPOSTi		P78061

PaxDb, a database of protein abundance averages across all three domains of life

More...PaxDbi		P78061

PRoteomics IDEntifications database

More...PRIDEi		P78061

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductioni

Induced by putrescine and repressed by PuuR. Transiently induced by cold shock.2 Publications

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structurei

Dodecamer.

1 Publication

Protein-protein interaction databases

The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID)

More...BioGRIDi		4260944, 13 interactors

STRING: functional protein association networks

More...STRINGi		511145.b1297

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

AlphaFold Protein Structure Database

More...AlphaFoldDBi		P78061

SWISS-MODEL Repository - a database of annotated 3D protein structure models

More...SMRi		P78061

Database of comparative protein structure models

More...ModBasei		Search...

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/family%5Fand%5Fdomains%5Fsection">Family and Domains</a> section describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.<p><a href='/help/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini35 – 129GS beta-graspPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST95
Domaini136 – 472GS catalyticPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST337

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups

More...eggNOGi		COG0174, Bacteria

The HOGENOM Database of Homologous Genes from Fully Sequenced Organisms

More...HOGENOMi		CLU_017290_0_0_6

InParanoid: Eukaryotic Ortholog Groups

More...InParanoidi		P78061

Identification of Orthologs from Complete Genome Data

More...OMAi		NPGQHEI

Database for complete collections of gene phylogenies

More...PhylomeDBi		P78061

Family and domain databases

Gene3D Structural and Functional Annotation of Protein Families

More...Gene3Di		3.10.20.70, 1 hit

Integrated resource of protein families, domains and functional sites

More...InterProi		View protein in InterPro
IPR036651, Gln_synt_N
IPR014746, Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom
IPR008146, Gln_synth_cat_dom
IPR027303, Gln_synth_gly_rich_site

Pfam protein domain database

More...Pfami		View protein in Pfam
PF00120, Gln-synt_C, 1 hit

Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool; a protein domain database

More...SMARTi		View protein in SMART
SM01230, Gln-synt_C, 1 hit

Superfamily database of structural and functional annotation

More...SUPFAMi		SSF54368, SSF54368, 1 hit
SSF55931, SSF55931, 1 hit

PROSITE; a protein domain and family database

More...PROSITEi		View protein in PROSITE
PS00181, GLNA_ATP, 1 hit
PS51986, GS_BETA_GRASP, 1 hit
PS51987, GS_CATALYTIC, 1 hit

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.

P78061-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
« Hide
        10         20         30         40         50
METNIVEVEN FVQQSEERRG SAFTQEVKRY LERYPNTQYV DVLLTDLNGC 
        60         70         80         90        100
FRGKRIPVSS LKKLEKGCYF PASVFAMDIL GNVVEEAGLG QEMGEPDRTC 
       110        120        130        140        150
VPVLGSLTPS AADPEFIGQM LLTMVDEDGA PFDVEPRNVL NRLWQQLRQR 
       160        170        180        190        200
GLFPVVAVEL EFYLLDRQRD AEGYLQPPCA PGTDDRNTQS QVYSVDNLNH 
       210        220        230        240        250
FADVLNDIDE LAQLQLIPAD GAVAEASPGQ FEINLYHTDN VLEACDDALA 
       260        270        280        290        300
LKRLVRLMAE KHKMHATFMA KPYEEHAGSG MHIHISMQNN RGENVLSDAE 
       310        320        330        340        350
GEDSPLLKKM LAGMIDLMPS SMALLAPNVN SYRRFQPGMY VPTQASWGHN 
       360        370        380        390        400
NRTVALRIPC GDRHNHRVEY RVAGADANPY LVMAAIFAGI LHGLDNELPL 
       410        420        430        440        450
QEEVEGNGLE QEGLPFPIRQ SDALGEFIEN DHLRRYLGER FCHVYHACKN 
       460        470 
DELLQFERLI TETEIEWMLK NA
Length:472
Mass (Da):53,177
Last modified:July 11, 2001 - v2
<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p> <p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.</p> <p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).</p> <p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. </p> <p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br /> <strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p> Checksum:i9D2224C5A9FCC0A3
GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:

EMBL nucleotide sequence database

More...EMBLi

GenBank nucleotide sequence database

More...GenBanki

DNA Data Bank of Japan; a nucleotide sequence database

More...DDBJi
Links Updated
U00096 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC74379.2
AP009048 Genomic DNA Translation: BAA14857.2

Protein sequence database of the Protein Information Resource

More...PIRi		D64878

NCBI Reference Sequences

More...RefSeqi		NP_415813.4, NC_000913.3
WP_001296746.1, NZ_STEB01000005.1

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl bacterial and archaeal genome annotation project

More...EnsemblBacteriai		AAC74379; AAC74379; b1297
BAA14857; BAA14857; BAA14857

Database of genes from NCBI RefSeq genomes

More...GeneIDi		66674875
946202

KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

More...KEGGi		ecj:JW5201
eco:b1297

Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC)

More...PATRICi		fig|511145.12.peg.1352

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:
EMBLi
GenBanki
DDBJi
Links Updated
U00096 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC74379.2
AP009048 Genomic DNA Translation: BAA14857.2
PIRiD64878
RefSeqiNP_415813.4, NC_000913.3
WP_001296746.1, NZ_STEB01000005.1

3D structure databases

AlphaFoldDBiP78061
SMRiP78061
ModBaseiSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGRIDi4260944, 13 interactors
STRINGi511145.b1297

Proteomic databases

jPOSTiP78061
PaxDbiP78061
PRIDEiP78061

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblBacteriaiAAC74379; AAC74379; b1297
BAA14857; BAA14857; BAA14857
GeneIDi66674875
946202
KEGGiecj:JW5201
eco:b1297
PATRICifig|511145.12.peg.1352

Organism-specific databases

EchoBASE - an integrated post-genomic database for E. coli

More...EchoBASEi		EB3667

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGiCOG0174, Bacteria
HOGENOMiCLU_017290_0_0_6
InParanoidiP78061
OMAiNPGQHEI
PhylomeDBiP78061

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathwayiUPA00188;UER00880
BioCyciEcoCyc:G6644-MONOMER

Miscellaneous databases

Protein Ontology

More...PROi		PR:P78061

Family and domain databases

Gene3Di3.10.20.70, 1 hit
InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR036651, Gln_synt_N
IPR014746, Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom
IPR008146, Gln_synth_cat_dom
IPR027303, Gln_synth_gly_rich_site
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF00120, Gln-synt_C, 1 hit
SMARTiView protein in SMART
SM01230, Gln-synt_C, 1 hit
SUPFAMiSSF54368, SSF54368, 1 hit
SSF55931, SSF55931, 1 hit
PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
PS00181, GLNA_ATP, 1 hit
PS51986, GS_BETA_GRASP, 1 hit
PS51987, GS_CATALYTIC, 1 hit

MobiDB: a database of protein disorder and mobility annotations

More...MobiDBi		Search...

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry nameiPUUA_ECOLI
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called 'Primary (citable) accession number'.<p><a href='/help/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: P78061
Secondary accession number(s): P78287
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ('Last modified'). The version number for both the entry and the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> are also displayed.<p><a href='/help/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: July 15, 1998
Last sequence update: July 11, 2001
Last modified: May 25, 2022
This is version 149 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history.
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).<p><a href='/help/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programProkaryotic Protein Annotation Program

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Reference proteome

Documents

  1. PATHWAY comments
    Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways
  2. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families
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