Melanocortin receptor 4

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• G protein-coupled receptor activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Melanocortin receptor 4 deficiency affects body weight regulation, grooming behavior, and substrate preference in the rat."
    Mul J.D., van Boxtel R., Bergen D.J., Brans M.A., Brakkee J.H., Toonen P.W., Garner K.M., Adan R.A., Cuppen E.
    Obesity (Silver Spring) 20:612-621(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• melanocortin receptor activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Altered hypothalamic leptin, insulin, and melanocortin binding associated with moderate-fat diet and predisposition to obesity."
    Irani B.G., Dunn-Meynell A.A., Levin B.E.
    Endocrinology 148:310-316(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity Source: RGD
• neuropeptide binding Source: RGD
• peptide hormone binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Altered hypothalamic leptin, insulin, and melanocortin binding associated with moderate-fat diet and predisposition to obesity."
    Irani B.G., Dunn-Meynell A.A., Levin B.E.
    Endocrinology 148:310-316(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGD

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: RGD
• diet induced thermogenesis Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hypothalamic melanocortin system regulates sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue."
    Yasuda T., Masaki T., Kakuma T., Yoshimatsu H.
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229:235-239(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• energy reserve metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hypothalamic melanocortin system regulates sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue."
    Yasuda T., Masaki T., Kakuma T., Yoshimatsu H.
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229:235-239(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• feeding behavior Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Hypothalamic melanocortin system regulates sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue."
    Yasuda T., Masaki T., Kakuma T., Yoshimatsu H.
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229:235-239(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• insulin secretion Source: RGD
• negative regulation of feeding behavior Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A pharmacologically active monoclonal antibody against the human melanocortin-4 receptor: effectiveness after peripheral and central administration."
    Peter J.C., Lecourt A.C., Weckering M., Zipfel G., Niehoff M.L., Banks W.A., Hofbauer K.G.
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 333:478-490(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of bone resorption Source: RGD
• regulation of feeding behavior Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Melanocortin receptor 4 deficiency affects body weight regulation, grooming behavior, and substrate preference in the rat."
    Mul J.D., van Boxtel R., Bergen D.J., Brans M.A., Brakkee J.H., Toonen P.W., Garner K.M., Adan R.A., Cuppen E.
    Obesity (Silver Spring) 20:612-621(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of grooming behavior Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Melanocortin receptor 4 deficiency affects body weight regulation, grooming behavior, and substrate preference in the rat."
    Mul J.D., van Boxtel R., Bergen D.J., Brans M.A., Brakkee J.H., Toonen P.W., Garner K.M., Adan R.A., Cuppen E.
    Obesity (Silver Spring) 20:612-621(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of metabolic process Source: RGD
• response to insulin Source: RGD

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGD

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MNSTHHHGMY TSLHLWNRSS HGLHGNASES LGKGHSDGGC YEQLFVSPEV 
        60         70         80         90        100
FVTLGVISLL ENILVIVAIA KNKNLHSPMY FFICSLAVAD MLVSVSNGSE 
       110        120        130        140        150
TIVITLLNST DTDAQSFTVN IDNVIDSVIC SSLLASICSL LSIAVDRYFT 
       160        170        180        190        200
IFYALQYHNI MTVRRVGIII SCIWAACTVS GVLFIIYSDS SAVIICLITM 
       210        220        230        240        250
FFTMLVLMAS LYVHMFLMAR LHIKRIAVLP GTGTIRQGAN MKGAITLTIL 
       260        270        280        290        300
IGVFVVCWAP FFLHLLFYIS CPQNPYCVCF MSHFNLYLIL IMCNAVIDPL 
       310        320        330 
IYALRSQELR KTFKEIICFY PLGGICELPG RY                    

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. 7-transmembrane G-linked receptors
   List of 7-transmembrane G-linked receptor entries