UniProtKB - P69726 (VPR_HV1H2)
Protein
Protein Vpr
Gene
vpr
Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1)
Status
Functioni
During virus entry, plays a role in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the host nucleus. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions.UniRule annotation3 Publications
During virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells.UniRule annotation8 Publications
Miscellaneous
HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).UniRule annotation
GO - Biological processi
- cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-KW
- establishment of integrated proviral latency Source: Reactome
- fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane Source: Reactome
- induction by virus of host apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
- interaction with host Source: UniProtKB
- ion transport Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- nuclear transport Source: Reactome
- protein homooligomerization Source: UniProtKB
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process Source: Reactome
- suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle Source: UniProtKB
- transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- uncoating of virus Source: Reactome
- viral life cycle Source: Reactome
- viral penetration into host nucleus Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- virion assembly Source: Reactome
Keywordsi
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-HSA-162585, Uncoating of the HIV Virion R-HSA-162588, Budding and maturation of HIV virion R-HSA-162592, Integration of provirus R-HSA-162594, Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle R-HSA-164516, Minus-strand DNA synthesis R-HSA-164525, Plus-strand DNA synthesis R-HSA-164843, 2-LTR circle formation R-HSA-173107, Binding and entry of HIV virion R-HSA-175474, Assembly Of The HIV Virion R-HSA-175567, Integration of viral DNA into host genomic DNA R-HSA-177539, Autointegration results in viral DNA circles R-HSA-180689, APOBEC3G mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection R-HSA-180897, Vpr-mediated induction of apoptosis by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization R-HSA-180910, Vpr-mediated nuclear import of PICs |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Protein VprUniRule annotationAlternative name(s): R ORF proteinUniRule annotation Viral protein RUniRule annotation |
Gene namesi | Name:vprUniRule annotation |
Organismi | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 11706 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Viruses › Riboviria › Pararnavirae › Artverviricota › Revtraviricetes › Ortervirales › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › |
Virus hosti | Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] |
Proteomesi |
|
Subcellular locationi
- Virion UniRule annotation2 Publications
- Host nucleus UniRule annotation1 Publication
- Host extracellular space UniRule annotation Note: Incorporation into virion is dependent on p6 GAG sequences. Lacks a canonical nuclear localization signal, thus import into nucleus may function independently of the human importin pathway. Detected in high quantity in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient.UniRule annotation1 Publication
GO - Cellular componenti
- host cell nucleus Source: UniProtKB
- host extracellular space Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- virion Source: UniProtKB
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Host nucleus, VirionPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000085451 | 1 – 96 | Protein VprAdd BLAST | 96 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 79 | Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation2 Publications | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 94 | Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 96 | Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation1 Publication | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Phosphorylated on several residues by host. These phosphorylations regulate VPR activity for the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex.UniRule annotation2 Publications
Keywords - PTMi
PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
PRIDEi | P69726 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P69726 |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Homooligomer, may form homodimer.
Interacts with p6-gag region of the Pr55 Gag precursor protein through a (Leu-X-X)4 motif near the C-terminus of the P6gag protein.
Interacts with host UNG. May interact with host RAD23A/HHR23A.
Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to hijack the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1/VPRBP complex, mediating ubiquitination of host proteins such as TERT and ZGPAT and arrest of the cell cycle in G2 phase.
UniRule annotation7 PublicationsProtein-protein interaction databases
IntActi | P69726, 4 interactors |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 1 – 42 | HomooligomerizationUniRule annotation1 PublicationAdd BLAST | 42 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the HIV-1 VPR protein family.UniRule annotation
Family and domain databases
HAMAPi | MF_04080, HIV_VPR, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000012, RetroV_VpR/X |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00522, VPR, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00444, HIVVPRVPX |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
P69726-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MEQAPEDQGP QREPHNEWTL ELLEELKNEA VRHFPRIWLH GLGQHIYETY
60 70 80 90
GDTWAGVEAI IRILQQLLFI HFRIGCRHSR IGVTRQRRAR NGASRS
Sequence cautioni
The sequence AAB50261 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift.Curated
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | K03455 Genomic RNA Translation: AAB50261.1 Frameshift. |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Web resourcesi
BioAfrica HIV proteomics resource Vpr entry |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | K03455 Genomic RNA Translation: AAB50261.1 Frameshift. |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
4U1S | X-ray | 1.76 | C | 34-42 | [»] | |
SMRi | P69726 | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntActi | P69726, 4 interactors |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P69726 |
Proteomic databases
PRIDEi | P69726 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-HSA-162585, Uncoating of the HIV Virion R-HSA-162588, Budding and maturation of HIV virion R-HSA-162592, Integration of provirus R-HSA-162594, Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle R-HSA-164516, Minus-strand DNA synthesis R-HSA-164525, Plus-strand DNA synthesis R-HSA-164843, 2-LTR circle formation R-HSA-173107, Binding and entry of HIV virion R-HSA-175474, Assembly Of The HIV Virion R-HSA-175567, Integration of viral DNA into host genomic DNA R-HSA-177539, Autointegration results in viral DNA circles R-HSA-180689, APOBEC3G mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection R-HSA-180897, Vpr-mediated induction of apoptosis by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization R-HSA-180910, Vpr-mediated nuclear import of PICs |
Family and domain databases
HAMAPi | MF_04080, HIV_VPR, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000012, RetroV_VpR/X |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00522, VPR, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00444, HIVVPRVPX |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | VPR_HV1H2 | |
Accessioni | P69726Primary (citable) accession number: P69726 Secondary accession number(s): P05926, Q85577 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | March 29, 2005 |
Last sequence update: | February 4, 2015 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 102 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Viral Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
3D-structure, Reference proteomeDocuments
- PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families