fadD

Functionⁱ

Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Activity is the highest with fatty acid substrates of > 10 carbon atoms (PubMed:15213221). Is involved in the aerobic beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows aerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source (PubMed:12535077).2 Publications

Miscellaneous

The enzymatic mechanism is a two-step reaction that proceeds via the intermediate formation of an acyl-adenylate (acyl-AMP) intermediate.1 Publication

Catalytic activityⁱ

ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.1 Publication

Cofactorⁱ

Mg²⁺1 Publication

pH dependenceⁱ

Optimum pH is 7.5-7.8.1 Publication

Pathwayⁱ: fatty acid beta-oxidation

This protein is involved in the pathway fatty acid beta-oxidation, which is part of Lipid metabolism.1 Publication1 Publication
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway fatty acid beta-oxidation and in Lipid metabolism.

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Nucleotide bindingⁱ	213 – 224	ATPCuratedAdd BLAST		12

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

ATP binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
decanoate-CoA ligase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC
fatty acid binding
Source: EcoliWiki
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 9030548
long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
Source: EcoCyc
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 7016858
oleic acid binding
Source: EcoliWiki
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 9030548

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

acyl-CoA metabolic process
Source: EcoCyc
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 7016858
fatty acid beta-oxidation
Source: EcoCyc
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 7016858
fatty acid metabolic process
Source: EcoliWiki
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 1649829
lipid metabolic process
Source: EcoliWiki
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 1649829
phospholipid biosynthetic process
Source: EcoliWiki
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 1649829
response to UV
Source: EcoCyc
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 27718375

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Ligase
Biological process	Fatty acid metabolism, Lipid metabolism
Ligand	ATP-binding, Magnesium, Nucleotide-binding

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycⁱ	EcoCyc:ACYLCOASYN-MONOMER MetaCyc:ACYLCOASYN-MONOMER
SABIO-RKⁱ	P69451
UniPathwayⁱ	UPA00659

Protein family/group databases

TCDBⁱ	4.C.1.1.4 the fatty acid transporter (fat) family

TCDBⁱ

4.C.1.1.4 the fatty acid transporter (fat) family

Chemistry databases

SwissLipidsⁱ	SLP:000001723

SwissLipidsⁱ

SLP:000001723

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase (EC:6.2.1.31 Publication) Alternative name(s): Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase Short name: Acyl-CoA synthetase
Gene namesⁱ	Name:fadD Synonyms:oldD Ordered Locus Names:b1805, JW1794
Organismⁱ	Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	83333 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacterales › Enterobacteriaceae › Escherichia › Escherichia coli
Proteomesⁱ	UP000000318 Componentⁱ: Chromosome UP000000625 Componentⁱ: Chromosome

Organism-specific databases

EcoGeneⁱ	EG11530 fadD

EcoGeneⁱ

EG11530 fadD

Subcellular locationⁱ

Cell membrane By similarity; Peripheral membrane protein By similarity

Note:

Partially membrane-associated.By similarity

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

cytoplasm
Source: EcoliWiki
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9030548
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
Source: EcoCyc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 12034706
cytosol
Source: EcoCyc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 12034706

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cell membrane, Membrane

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Disruption phenotypeⁱ

Cells lacking this gene are completely blocked in aerobic growth on fatty acids. The double fadD fadK deletion mutant fails to grow on fatty acids under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, although fadD mutants grow on fatty acids under anaerobic conditions.1 Publication

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	213	Y → A: Loss of activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	214	T → A: 10% of wild-type activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	216	G → A: Decreases activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	217	T → A: Decreases activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	219	G → A: Decreases activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	222	K → A: Decreases activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	361	E → A: Loss of activity. 1 Publication	1

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000193125	1 – 561	Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligaseAdd BLAST		561

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Post-translationally cleaved by OmpT (PubMed:15213221).1 Publication

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P69451
PaxDbⁱ	P69451
PRIDEⁱ	P69451

Expressionⁱ

Inductionⁱ

Well expressed during log and stationary phase aerobic growth but only poorly expressed during anaerobic growth (at protein level); aerobic expression is suppressed by glucose or C8 fatty acids (PubMed:15213221).1 Publication

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homodimer.By similarity

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	4259150, 224 interactors
IntActⁱ	P69451, 6 interactors
STRINGⁱ	316385.ECDH10B_1943

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P69451
SMRⁱ	P69451
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG4105CEY Bacteria COG0318 LUCA
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000229983
InParanoidⁱ	P69451
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K01897
PhylomeDBⁱ	P69451

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR025110 AMP-bd_C IPR020845 AMP-binding_CS IPR000873 AMP-dep_Synth/Lig
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00501 AMP-binding, 1 hit PF13193 AMP-binding_C, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00455 AMP_BINDING, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

P69451-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MKKVWLNRYP ADVPTEINPD RYQSLVDMFE QSVARYADQP AFVNMGEVMT 
        60         70         80         90        100
FRKLEERSRA FAAYLQQGLG LKKGDRVALM MPNLLQYPVA LFGILRAGMI 
       110        120        130        140        150
VVNVNPLYTP RELEHQLNDS GASAIVIVSN FAHTLEKVVD KTAVQHVILT 
       160        170        180        190        200
RMGDQLSTAK GTVVNFVVKY IKRLVPKYHL PDAISFRSAL HNGYRMQYVK 
       210        220        230        240        250
PELVPEDLAF LQYTGGTTGV AKGAMLTHRN MLANLEQVNA TYGPLLHPGK 
       260        270        280        290        300
ELVVTALPLY HIFALTINCL LFIELGGQNL LITNPRDIPG LVKELAKYPF 
       310        320        330        340        350
TAITGVNTLF NALLNNKEFQ QLDFSSLHLS AGGGMPVQQV VAERWVKLTG 
       360        370        380        390        400
QYLLEGYGLT ECAPLVSVNP YDIDYHSGSI GLPVPSTEAK LVDDDDNEVP 
       410        420        430        440        450
PGQPGELCVK GPQVMLGYWQ RPDATDEIIK NGWLHTGDIA VMDEEGFLRI 
       460        470        480        490        500
VDRKKDMILV SGFNVYPNEI EDVVMQHPGV QEVAAVGVPS GSSGEAVKIF 
       510        520        530        540        550
VVKKDPSLTE ESLVTFCRRQ LTGYKVPKLV EFRDELPKSN VGKILRRELR 
       560 
DEARGKVDNK A

Length:561

Mass (Da):62,332

Last modified:March 1, 2005 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ249B0AA54B3DBFA5

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	34 – 51	ARYAD…EVMTF → GALRRSTCVCEYGGGNDL in AAA23752 (PubMed:1460045).CuratedAdd BLAST	18
Sequence conflictⁱ	468 – 490	NEIED…VGVPS → TRLKMSSCSMVAYRKSRLLA YLP in AAA23752 (PubMed:1460045).CuratedAdd BLAST	23
Sequence conflictⁱ	496	A → G in AAA23752 (PubMed:1460045).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	555 – 561	GKVDNKA → QSGQ in AAA23752 (PubMed:1460045).Curated	7

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	X70994 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA50321.1 L02649 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA23752.1 U00096 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC74875.1 AP009048 Genomic DNA Translation: BAA15609.1
PIRⁱ	E64941 S41589
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_416319.1, NC_000913.3 WP_000758422.1, NZ_LN832404.1

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblBacteriaⁱ	AAC74875; AAC74875; b1805 BAA15609; BAA15609; BAA15609
GeneIDⁱ	946327
KEGGⁱ	ecj:JW1794 eco:b1805
PATRICⁱ	fig\|511145.12.peg.1881

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P69451	Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		ECOL6		561	UniRef100_P69452
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		Shigella sp.		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		Escherichia coli O145 str. RM9872		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		Klebsiella pneumoniae IS22		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		SHIBO		561
+58

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P69451	Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		ECOL6		561	UniRef90_P69452
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		SALTI		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		SALTY		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		ECO57		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		Shigella sp.		561
+1475

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P69451	Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		ECOL6		561	UniRef50_P69452
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		ECO57		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		SALTI		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		SALTY		561
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase		Shigella sp.		561
+3415

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	X70994 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA50321.1 L02649 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA23752.1 U00096 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC74875.1 AP009048 Genomic DNA Translation: BAA15609.1
PIRⁱ	E64941 S41589
RefSeqⁱ	NP_416319.1, NC_000913.3 WP_000758422.1, NZ_LN832404.1

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P69451
SMRⁱ	P69451
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	4259150, 224 interactors
IntActⁱ	P69451, 6 interactors
STRINGⁱ	316385.ECDH10B_1943

Chemistry databases

SwissLipidsⁱ	SLP:000001723

SwissLipidsⁱ

SLP:000001723

Protein family/group databases

TCDBⁱ	4.C.1.1.4 the fatty acid transporter (fat) family

TCDBⁱ

4.C.1.1.4 the fatty acid transporter (fat) family

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P69451
PaxDbⁱ	P69451
PRIDEⁱ	P69451

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblBacteriaⁱ	AAC74875; AAC74875; b1805 BAA15609; BAA15609; BAA15609
GeneIDⁱ	946327
KEGGⁱ	ecj:JW1794 eco:b1805
PATRICⁱ	fig\|511145.12.peg.1881

Organism-specific databases

EchoBASEⁱ	EB1492
EcoGeneⁱ	EG11530 fadD

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG4105CEY Bacteria COG0318 LUCA
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000229983
InParanoidⁱ	P69451
KOⁱ	K01897
PhylomeDBⁱ	P69451

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathwayⁱ	UPA00659
BioCycⁱ	EcoCyc:ACYLCOASYN-MONOMER MetaCyc:ACYLCOASYN-MONOMER
SABIO-RKⁱ	P69451

Miscellaneous databases

Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P69451

PROⁱ

PR:P69451

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR025110 AMP-bd_C IPR020845 AMP-binding_CS IPR000873 AMP-dep_Synth/Lig
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00501 AMP-binding, 1 hit PF13193 AMP-binding_C, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00455 AMP_BINDING, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	LCFA_ECOLI
Accessionⁱ	P69451Primary (citable) accession number: P69451 Secondary accession number(s): P29212
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	March 1, 2005
	Last sequence update:	March 1, 2005
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 108 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (strain K12): entries and cross-references to EcoGene

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P69451 (LCFA_ECOLI)

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Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

<p>This subsection of the ‘Function’ section describes biophysical and chemical properties, such as maximal absorption, kinetic parameters, pH dependence, redox potentials and temperature dependence.<p><a href='/help/biophysicochemical_properties' target='_top'>More...</a></p>pH dependencei

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathway' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathwayi: fatty acid beta-oxidation

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

GO - Cellular componenti

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

pH dependenceⁱ

Pathwayⁱ: fatty acid beta-oxidation

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ