Actin, cytoplasmic 2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Miscellaneous

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• ATP binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
• identical protein binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network."
    Rual J.F., Venkatesan K., Hao T., Hirozane-Kishikawa T., Dricot A., Li N., Berriz G.F., Gibbons F.D., Dreze M., Ayivi-Guedehoussou N., Klitgord N., Simon C., Boxem M., Milstein S., Rosenberg J., Goldberg D.S., Zhang L.V., Wong S.L.

    , Franklin G., Li S., Albala J.S., Lim J., Fraughton C., Llamosas E., Cevik S., Bex C., Lamesch P., Sikorski R.S., Vandenhaute J., Zoghbi H.Y., Smolyar A., Bosak S., Sequerra R., Doucette-Stamm L., Cusick M.E., Hill D.E., Roth F.P., Vidal M.
    Nature 437:1173-1178(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets."
    Yu H., Tardivo L., Tam S., Weiner E., Gebreab F., Fan C., Svrzikapa N., Hirozane-Kishikawa T., Rietman E., Yang X., Sahalie J., Salehi-Ashtiani K., Hao T., Cusick M.E., Hill D.E., Roth F.P., Braun P., Vidal M.
    Nat. Methods 8:478-480(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network."
    Rolland T., Tasan M., Charloteaux B., Pevzner S.J., Zhong Q., Sahni N., Yi S., Lemmens I., Fontanillo C., Mosca R., Kamburov A., Ghiassian S.D., Yang X., Ghamsari L., Balcha D., Begg B.E., Braun P., Brehme M.

    , Broly M.P., Carvunis A.R., Convery-Zupan D., Corominas R., Coulombe-Huntington J., Dann E., Dreze M., Dricot A., Fan C., Franzosa E., Gebreab F., Gutierrez B.J., Hardy M.F., Jin M., Kang S., Kiros R., Lin G.N., Luck K., MacWilliams A., Menche J., Murray R.R., Palagi A., Poulin M.M., Rambout X., Rasla J., Reichert P., Romero V., Ruyssinck E., Sahalie J.M., Scholz A., Shah A.A., Sharma A., Shen Y., Spirohn K., Tam S., Tejeda A.O., Trigg S.A., Twizere J.C., Vega K., Walsh J., Cusick M.E., Xia Y., Barabasi A.L., Iakoucheva L.M., Aloy P., De Las Rivas J., Tavernier J., Calderwood M.A., Hill D.E., Hao T., Roth F.P., Vidal M.
    Cell 159:1212-1226(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human genetic disorders."
    Sahni N., Yi S., Taipale M., Fuxman Bass J.I., Coulombe-Huntington J., Yang F., Peng J., Weile J., Karras G.I., Wang Y., Kovacs I.A., Kamburov A., Krykbaeva I., Lam M.H., Tucker G., Khurana V., Sharma A., Liu Y.Y.

    , Yachie N., Zhong Q., Shen Y., Palagi A., San-Miguel A., Fan C., Balcha D., Dricot A., Jordan D.M., Walsh J.M., Shah A.A., Yang X., Stoyanova A.K., Leighton A., Calderwood M.A., Jacob Y., Cusick M.E., Salehi-Ashtiani K., Whitesell L.J., Sunyaev S., Berger B., Barabasi A.L., Charloteaux B., Hill D.E., Hao T., Roth F.P., Xia Y., Walhout A.J.M., Lindquist S., Vidal M.
    Cell 161:647-660(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• profilin binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A recurrent de novo mutation in ACTG1 causes isolated ocular coloboma."
    UK10K
    Rainger J., Williamson K.A., Soares D.C., Truch J., Kurian D., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Seawright A., Prendergast J., Halachev M., Wheeler A., McTeir L., Gill A.C., van Heyningen V., Davey M.G., FitzPatrick D.R.
    Hum. Mutat. 38:942-946(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• structural constituent of cytoskeleton Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A novel role for non-muscle gamma-actin in skeletal muscle sarcomere assembly."
    Lloyd C.M., Berendse M., Lloyd D.G., Schevzov G., Grounds M.D.
    Exp. Cell Res. 297:82-96(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton Source: SynGO <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "beta-Actin is confined to structures having high capacity of remodelling in developing and adult rat cerebellum."
    Micheva K.D., Vallee A., Beaulieu C., Herman I.M., Leclerc N.
    Eur. J. Neurosci. 10:3785-3798(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Parkin interacts with Ambra1 to induce mitophagy."
    Van Humbeeck C., Cornelissen T., Hofkens H., Mandemakers W., Gevaert K., De Strooper B., Vandenberghe W.
    J. Neurosci. 31:10249-10261(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• cellular response to interferon-gamma Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The phagosomal proteome in interferon-gamma-activated macrophages."
    Trost M., English L., Lemieux S., Courcelles M., Desjardins M., Thibault P.
    Immunity 30:143-154(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to calcium ion Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Role of cytosolic calcium in regulation of cytoskeletal gene expression by insulin."
    Weinstock R.S., Saville C.M., Messina J.L.
    Am. J. Physiol. 264:E519-25(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to mechanical stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Possible role of non-muscle alpha-actinins in muscle cell mechanosensitivity."
    Ogneva I.V., Biryukov N.S., Leinsoo T.A., Larina I.M.
    PLoS ONE 9:e96395-e96395(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sarcomere organization Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A novel role for non-muscle gamma-actin in skeletal muscle sarcomere assembly."
    Lloyd C.M., Berendse M., Lloyd D.G., Schevzov G., Grounds M.D.
    Exp. Cell Res. 297:82-96(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• synaptic vesicle endocytosis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Actin Is Crucial for All Kinetically Distinguishable Forms of Endocytosis at Synapses."
    Wu X.S., Lee S.H., Sheng J., Zhang Z., Zhao W.D., Wang D., Jin Y., Charnay P., Ervasti J.M., Wu L.G.
    Neuron 92:1020-1035(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• identical protein binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network."
    Rual J.F., Venkatesan K., Hao T., Hirozane-Kishikawa T., Dricot A., Li N., Berriz G.F., Gibbons F.D., Dreze M., Ayivi-Guedehoussou N., Klitgord N., Simon C., Boxem M., Milstein S., Rosenberg J., Goldberg D.S., Zhang L.V., Wong S.L.

    , Franklin G., Li S., Albala J.S., Lim J., Fraughton C., Llamosas E., Cevik S., Bex C., Lamesch P., Sikorski R.S., Vandenhaute J., Zoghbi H.Y., Smolyar A., Bosak S., Sequerra R., Doucette-Stamm L., Cusick M.E., Hill D.E., Roth F.P., Vidal M.
    Nature 437:1173-1178(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets."
    Yu H., Tardivo L., Tam S., Weiner E., Gebreab F., Fan C., Svrzikapa N., Hirozane-Kishikawa T., Rietman E., Yang X., Sahalie J., Salehi-Ashtiani K., Hao T., Cusick M.E., Hill D.E., Roth F.P., Braun P., Vidal M.
    Nat. Methods 8:478-480(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network."
    Rolland T., Tasan M., Charloteaux B., Pevzner S.J., Zhong Q., Sahni N., Yi S., Lemmens I., Fontanillo C., Mosca R., Kamburov A., Ghiassian S.D., Yang X., Ghamsari L., Balcha D., Begg B.E., Braun P., Brehme M.

    , Broly M.P., Carvunis A.R., Convery-Zupan D., Corominas R., Coulombe-Huntington J., Dann E., Dreze M., Dricot A., Fan C., Franzosa E., Gebreab F., Gutierrez B.J., Hardy M.F., Jin M., Kang S., Kiros R., Lin G.N., Luck K., MacWilliams A., Menche J., Murray R.R., Palagi A., Poulin M.M., Rambout X., Rasla J., Reichert P., Romero V., Ruyssinck E., Sahalie J.M., Scholz A., Shah A.A., Sharma A., Shen Y., Spirohn K., Tam S., Tejeda A.O., Trigg S.A., Twizere J.C., Vega K., Walsh J., Cusick M.E., Xia Y., Barabasi A.L., Iakoucheva L.M., Aloy P., De Las Rivas J., Tavernier J., Calderwood M.A., Hill D.E., Hao T., Roth F.P., Vidal M.
    Cell 159:1212-1226(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human genetic disorders."
    Sahni N., Yi S., Taipale M., Fuxman Bass J.I., Coulombe-Huntington J., Yang F., Peng J., Weile J., Karras G.I., Wang Y., Kovacs I.A., Kamburov A., Krykbaeva I., Lam M.H., Tucker G., Khurana V., Sharma A., Liu Y.Y.

    , Yachie N., Zhong Q., Shen Y., Palagi A., San-Miguel A., Fan C., Balcha D., Dricot A., Jordan D.M., Walsh J.M., Shah A.A., Yang X., Stoyanova A.K., Leighton A., Calderwood M.A., Jacob Y., Cusick M.E., Salehi-Ashtiani K., Whitesell L.J., Sunyaev S., Berger B., Barabasi A.L., Charloteaux B., Hill D.E., Hao T., Roth F.P., Xia Y., Walhout A.J.M., Lindquist S., Vidal M.
    Cell 161:647-660(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• profilin binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A recurrent de novo mutation in ACTG1 causes isolated ocular coloboma."
    UK10K
    Rainger J., Williamson K.A., Soares D.C., Truch J., Kurian D., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Seawright A., Prendergast J., Halachev M., Wheeler A., McTeir L., Gill A.C., van Heyningen V., Davey M.G., FitzPatrick D.R.
    Hum. Mutat. 38:942-946(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ubiquitin protein ligase binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Parkin interacts with Ambra1 to induce mitophagy."
    Van Humbeeck C., Cornelissen T., Hofkens H., Mandemakers W., Gevaert K., De Strooper B., Vandenberghe W.
    J. Neurosci. 31:10249-10261(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MEEEIAALVI DNGSGMCKAG FAGDDAPRAV FPSIVGRPRH QGVMVGMGQK 
        60         70         80         90        100
DSYVGDEAQS KRGILTLKYP IEHGIVTNWD DMEKIWHHTF YNELRVAPEE 
       110        120        130        140        150
HPVLLTEAPL NPKANREKMT QIMFETFNTP AMYVAIQAVL SLYASGRTTG 
       160        170        180        190        200
IVMDSGDGVT HTVPIYEGYA LPHAILRLDL AGRDLTDYLM KILTERGYSF 
       210        220        230        240        250
TTTAEREIVR DIKEKLCYVA LDFEQEMATA ASSSSLEKSY ELPDGQVITI 
       260        270        280        290        300
GNERFRCPEA LFQPSFLGME SCGIHETTFN SIMKCDVDIR KDLYANTVLS 
       310        320        330        340        350
GGTTMYPGIA DRMQKEITAL APSTMKIKII APPERKYSVW IGGSILASLS 
       360        370 
TFQQMWISKQ EYDESGPSIV HRKCF                            

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families