D(2) dopamine receptor

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• adrenergic receptor activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• dopamine binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Decreased [3H] YM-09151-2 binding to dopamine D2 receptors in the hypothalamus, brainstem and pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats."
    Shankar P.N., Joseph A., Paulose C.S.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 557:99-105(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Dopamine D3 receptor modulation of dopamine efflux in the rat nucleus accumbens."
    Roberts C., Cummins R., Gnoffo Z., Kew J.N.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 534:108-114(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of heterologously expressed D3 dopamine receptors: comparison with D2 dopamine receptors."
    Chio C.L., Lajiness M.E., Huff R.M.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 45:51-60(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• drug binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics."
    Sokoloff P., Giros B., Martres M.-P., Bouthenet M.-L., Schwartz J.-C.
    Nature 347:146-151(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• G protein-coupled receptor activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated activation of rap GTPases: characterization of a novel Galphai regulated pathway."
    Weissman J.T., Ma J.N., Essex A., Gao Y., Burstein E.S.
    Oncogene 23:241-249(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Schizophrenia, amphetamine-induced sensitized state and acute amphetamine exposure all show a common alteration: increased dopamine D2 receptor dimerization."
    Wang M., Pei L., Fletcher P.J., Kapur S., Seeman P., Liu F.
    Mol Brain 3:25-25(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ionotropic glutamate receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Modulation of D2R-NR2B interactions in response to cocaine."
    Liu X.Y., Chu X.P., Mao L.M., Wang M., Lan H.X., Li M.H., Zhang G.C., Parelkar N.K., Fibuch E.E., Haines M., Neve K.A., Liu F., Xiong Z.G., Wang J.Q.
    Neuron 52:897-909(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein-containing complex binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Reduced striatal dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer expression and behavioural subsensitivity in juvenile rats."
    Perreault M.L., Hasbi A., Alijaniaram M., O'Dowd B.F., George S.R.
    Neuroscience 225:130-139(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Modulation of D2R-NR2B interactions in response to cocaine."
    Liu X.Y., Chu X.P., Mao L.M., Wang M., Lan H.X., Li M.H., Zhang G.C., Parelkar N.K., Fibuch E.E., Haines M., Neve K.A., Liu F., Xiong Z.G., Wang J.Q.
    Neuron 52:897-909(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• acid secretion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of heterologously expressed D3 dopamine receptors: comparison with D2 dopamine receptors."
    Chio C.L., Lajiness M.E., Huff R.M.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 45:51-60(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• activation of protein kinase activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "betagamma Dimers mediate synergy of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2 receptor-stimulated PKA signaling and regulate ethanol consumption."
    Yao L., Arolfo M.P., Dohrman D.P., Jiang Z., Fan P., Fuchs S., Janak P.H., Gordon A.S., Diamond I.
    Cell 109:733-743(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adenohypophysis development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor plays a critical role in cell proliferation and proopiomelanocortin expression in the pituitary."
    Yamaguchi H., Aiba A., Nakamura K., Nakao K., Sakagami H., Goto K., Kondo H., Katsuki M.
    Genes Cells 1:253-268(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Characterization of dopamine receptors mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum."
    Onali P., Olianas M.C., Gessa G.L.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 28:138-145(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "betagamma Dimers mediate synergy of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2 receptor-stimulated PKA signaling and regulate ethanol consumption."
    Yao L., Arolfo M.P., Dohrman D.P., Jiang Z., Fan P., Fuchs S., Janak P.H., Gordon A.S., Diamond I.
    Cell 109:733-743(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adult behavior Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2L receptor- and age-related reduction in offensive aggression."
    Vukhac K.L., Sankoorikal E.B., Wang Y.
    Neuroreport 12:1035-1038(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adult walking behavior Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Parkinsonian-like locomotor impairment in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors."
    Baik J.H., Picetti R., Saiardi A., Thiriet G., Dierich A., Depaulis A., Le Meur M., Borrelli E.
    Nature 377:424-428(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• arachidonic acid secretion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Expression and pharmacological characterization of the human D3 dopamine receptor."
    Freedman S.B., Patel S., Marwood R., Emms F., Seabrook G.R., Knowles M.R., McAllister G.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268:417-426(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• associative learning Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Altered accumbens neural response to prediction of reward associated with place in dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice."
    Tran A.H., Tamura R., Uwano T., Kobayashi T., Katsuki M., Matsumoto G., Ono T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:8986-8991(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Dopamine D2L receptor knockout mice display deficits in positive and negative reinforcing properties of morphine and in avoidance learning."
    Smith J.W., Fetsko L.A., Xu R., Wang Y.
    Neuroscience 113:755-765(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Dopamine D2 receptors mediate two-odor discrimination and reversal learning in C57BL/6 mice."
    Kruzich P.J., Grandy D.K.
    BMC Neurosci 5:12-12(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• auditory behavior Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Sound sequence discrimination learning motivated by reward requires dopaminergic D2 receptor activation in the rat auditory cortex."
    Kudoh M., Shibuki K.
    Learn. Mem. 13:690-698(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• autophagy Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A pivotal role of FOS-mediated BECN1/Beclin 1 upregulation in dopamine D2 and D3 receptor agonist-induced autophagy activation."
    Wang J.D., Cao Y.L., Li Q., Yang Y.P., Jin M., Chen D., Wang F., Wang G.H., Qin Z.H., Hu L.F., Liu C.F.
    Autophagy 11:2057-2073(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• axonogenesis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbors."
    Parish C.L., Finkelstein D.I., Drago J., Borrelli E., Horne M.K.
    J. Neurosci. 21:5147-5157(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• behavioral response to cocaine Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Absence of dopamine D2 receptors unmasks an inhibitory control over the brain circuitries activated by cocaine."
    Welter M., Vallone D., Samad T.A., Meziane H., Usiello A., Borrelli E.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:6840-6845(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• behavioral response to ethanol Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Lack of operant ethanol self-administration in dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice."
    Risinger F.O., Freeman P.A., Rubinstein M., Low M.J., Grandy D.K.
    Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 152:343-350(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Ethanol-conditioned place preference is reduced in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice."
    Cunningham C.L., Howard M.A., Gill S.J., Rubinstein M., Low M.J., Grandy D.K.
    Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 67:693-699(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Effects of a Drd2 deletion mutation on ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and sensitization suggest a role for epistasis."
    Palmer A.A., Low M.J., Grandy D.K., Phillips T.J.
    Behav. Genet. 33:311-324(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• branching morphogenesis of a nerve Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbors."
    Parish C.L., Finkelstein D.I., Drago J., Borrelli E., Horne M.K.
    J. Neurosci. 21:5147-5157(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell signaling Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular potassium ion homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence<br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • "Differential coupling of dopaminergic D2 receptors expressed in different cell types. Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in LtK- fibroblasts, hyperpolarization, and cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration decrease in GH4C1 cells."
    Vallar L., Muca C., Magni M., Albert P., Bunzow J., Meldolesi J., Civelli O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 265:10320-10326(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine receptor activation modulates GABA neuron migration from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex."
    Crandall J.E., McCarthy D.M., Araki K.Y., Sims J.R., Ren J.Q., Bhide P.G.
    J. Neurosci. 27:3813-3822(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• circadian regulation of gene expression Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Signaling mediated by the dopamine D2 receptor potentiates circadian regulation by CLOCK:BMAL1."
    Yujnovsky I., Hirayama J., Doi M., Borrelli E., Sassone-Corsi P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:6386-6391(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• dopamine metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Regulation by D2 dopamine receptors of in vivo dopamine synthesis in striata of rats and mice with experimental parkinsonism."
    Richard M.G., Bennett J.P. Jr.
    Exp. Neurol. 129:57-63(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• dopamine receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of Go-coupled dopamine D2 receptors inhibits ERK1/ERK2 in pituitary cells. A key step in the transcriptional suppression of the prolactin gene."
    Liu J.C., Baker R.E., Sun C., Sundmark V.C., Elsholtz H.P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:35819-35825(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Dopaminergic regulation of inhibitory and excitatory transmission in the basolateral amygdala-prefrontal cortical pathway."
    Floresco S.B., Tse M.T.
    J. Neurosci. 27:2045-2057(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• drinking behavior Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Wake-promoting actions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor stimulation."
    Isaac S.O., Berridge C.W.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 307:386-394(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• feeding behavior Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Simultaneous absence of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-mediated signaling is lethal in mice."
    Kobayashi M., Iaccarino C., Saiardi A., Heidt V., Bozzi Y., Picetti R., Vitale C., Westphal H., Drago J., Borrelli E.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:11465-11470(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• forebrain development Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Effects of risperidone on dopamine receptor subtypes in developing rat brain."
    Moran-Gates T., Grady C., Shik Park Y., Baldessarini R.J., Tarazi F.I.
    Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 17:448-455(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• G protein-coupled receptor internalization Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interactions of GIPC with dopamine D2, D3 but not D4 receptors define a novel mode of regulation of G protein-coupled receptors."
    Jeanneteau F., Diaz J., Sokoloff P., Griffon N.
    Mol. Biol. Cell 15:696-705(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated activation of rap GTPases: characterization of a novel Galphai regulated pathway."
    Weissman J.T., Ma J.N., Essex A., Gao Y., Burstein E.S.
    Oncogene 23:241-249(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• grooming behavior Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Topographical evaluation of behavioural phenotype in a line of mice with targeted gene deletion of the D2 dopamine receptor."
    Clifford J.J., Usiello A., Vallone D., Kinsella A., Borrelli E., Waddington J.L.
    Neuropharmacology 39:382-390(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intracellular signal transduction Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differential sensitivity of the short and long human dopamine D2 receptor subtypes to protein kinase C."
    Liu Y.F., Civelli O., Grandy D.K., Albert P.R.
    J. Neurochem. 59:2311-2317(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• locomotory behavior Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Conditioned locomotion induced by unilateral intrastriatal administration of apomorphine: D(2) receptor activation is critical but not the expression of the unconditioned response."
    Dias F.R., Carey R.J., Carrera M.P.
    Brain Res. 1083:85-95(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• long-term memory Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Microinjections of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride into the medial prefrontal cortex attenuate glucocorticoid-induced impairment of long-term memory retrieval in rats."
    Pakdel R., Rashidy-Pour A.
    Neurobiol Learn Mem 87:385-390(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Dopaminergic regulation of inhibitory and excitatory transmission in the basolateral amygdala-prefrontal cortical pathway."
    Floresco S.B., Tse M.T.
    J. Neurosci. 27:2045-2057(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The dopamine D2 receptor: two molecular forms generated by alternative splicing."
    Dal-Toso R., Sommer B., Ewert M., Herb A., Pritchett D.B., Bach A., Shivers B.D., Seeburg P.H.
    EMBO J. 8:4025-4034(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of blood pressure Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice."
    Li X.X., Bek M., Asico L.D., Yang Z., Grandy D.K., Goldstein D.S., Rubinstein M., Eisner G.M., Jose P.A.
    Hypertension 38:303-308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell death Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Modulation of Postnatal Neurogenesis by Perinatal Asphyxia: Effect of D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptor Agonists."
    Tapia-Bustos A., Perez-Lobos R., Vio V., Lespay-Rebolledo C., Palacios E., Chiti-Morales A., Bustamante D., Herrera-Marschitz M., Morales P.
    Neurotox Res 31:109-121(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell migration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine receptor activation modulates GABA neuron migration from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex."
    Crandall J.E., McCarthy D.M., Araki K.Y., Sims J.R., Ren J.Q., Bhide P.G.
    J. Neurosci. 27:3813-3822(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Pituitary lactotroph adenomas develop after prolonged lactotroph hyperplasia in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice."
    Asa S.L., Kelly M.A., Grandy D.K., Low M.J.
    Endocrinology 140:5348-5355(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor plays a critical role in cell proliferation and proopiomelanocortin expression in the pituitary."
    Yamaguchi H., Aiba A., Nakamura K., Nakao K., Sakagami H., Goto K., Kondo H., Katsuki M.
    Genes Cells 1:253-268(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Pituitary lactotroph hyperplasia and chronic hyperprolactinemia in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice."
    Kelly M.A., Rubinstein M., Asa S.L., Zhang G., Saez C., Bunzow J.R., Allen R.G., Hnasko R., Ben-Jonathan N., Grandy D.K., Low M.J.
    Neuron 19:103-113(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Antiproliferative role of dopamine: loss of D2 receptors causes hormonal dysfunction and pituitary hyperplasia."
    Saiardi A., Bozzi Y., Baik J.H., Borrelli E.
    Neuron 19:115-126(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Absence of dopaminergic control on melanotrophs leads to Cushing's-like syndrome in mice."
    Saiardi A., Borrelli E.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 12:1133-1139(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Wake-promoting actions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor stimulation."
    Isaac S.O., Berridge C.W.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 307:386-394(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor modulation of carotid body type 1 cell intracellular calcium in developing rats."
    Carroll J.L., Boyle K.M., Wasicko M.J., Sterni L.M.
    Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 288:L910-6(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Distinct functions of the two isoforms of dopamine D2 receptors."
    Usiello A., Baik J.H., Rouge-Pont F., Picetti R., Dierich A., LeMeur M., Piazza P.V., Borrelli E.
    Nature 408:199-203(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Mice lacking dopamine D2 and D3 receptors have spatial working memory deficits."
    Glickstein S.B., Hof P.R., Schmauss C.
    J. Neurosci. 22:5619-5629(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of dopamine secretion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Dopamine D3 receptor modulation of dopamine efflux in the rat nucleus accumbens."
    Roberts C., Cummins R., Gnoffo Z., Kew J.N.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 534:108-114(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of innate immune response Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Suppression of neuroinflammation by astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors via alphaB-crystallin."
    Shao W., Zhang S.Z., Tang M., Zhang X.H., Zhou Z., Yin Y.Q., Zhou Q.B., Huang Y.Y., Liu Y.J., Wawrousek E., Chen T., Li S.B., Xu M., Zhou J.N., Hu G., Zhou J.W.
    Nature 494:90-94(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of insulin secretion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification of glucose-dependant insulin secretion targets in pancreatic beta cells by combining defined-mechanism compound library screening and siRNA gene silencing."
    Wu W., Shang J., Feng Y., Thompson C.M., Horwitz S., Thompson J.R., MacIntyre E.D., Thornberry N.A., Chapman K., Zhou Y.P., Howard A.D., Li J.
    J Biomol Screen 13:128-134(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Regulation of Akt signaling by D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in vivo."
    Beaulieu J.M., Tirotta E., Sotnikova T.D., Masri B., Salahpour A., Gainetdinov R.R., Borrelli E., Caron M.G.
    J. Neurosci. 27:881-885(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Dopaminergic and cholinergic regulation of Fyn tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in the rat striatum in vivo."
    Mao L.M., Wang J.Q.
    Neuropharmacology 99:491-499(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of protein secretion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine modulates von Willebrand factor secretion in endothelial cells via D2-D4 receptors."
    Zarei S., Frieden M., Rubi B., Villemin P., Gauthier B.R., Maechler P., Vischer U.M.
    J. Thromb. Haemost. 4:1588-1595(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Facilitated glutamatergic transmission in the striatum of D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice."
    Cepeda C., Hurst R.S., Altemus K.L., Flores-Hernandez J., Calvert C.R., Jokel E.S., Grandy D.K., Low M.J., Rubinstein M., Ariano M.A., Levine M.S.
    J. Neurophysiol. 85:659-670(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Differential contribution of dopamine D2S and D2L receptors in the modulation of glutamate and GABA transmission in the striatum."
    Centonze D., Gubellini P., Usiello A., Rossi S., Tscherter A., Bracci E., Erbs E., Tognazzi N., Bernardi G., Pisani A., Calabresi P., Borrelli E.
    Neuroscience 129:157-166(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Differential coupling of dopaminergic D2 receptors expressed in different cell types. Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in LtK- fibroblasts, hyperpolarization, and cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration decrease in GH4C1 cells."
    Vallar L., Muca C., Magni M., Albert P., Bunzow J., Meldolesi J., Civelli O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 265:10320-10326(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice."
    Li X.X., Bek M., Asico L.D., Yang Z., Grandy D.K., Goldstein D.S., Rubinstein M., Eisner G.M., Jose P.A.
    Hypertension 38:303-308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuron-neuron synaptic transmission Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Altered accumbens neural response to prediction of reward associated with place in dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice."
    Tran A.H., Tamura R., Uwano T., Kobayashi T., Katsuki M., Matsumoto G., Ono T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:8986-8991(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• orbitofrontal cortex development Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression and function of dopamine receptors in the developing medial frontal cortex and striatum of the rat."
    Sillivan S.E., Konradi C.
    Neuroscience 199:501-514(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peristalsis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Simultaneous absence of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-mediated signaling is lethal in mice."
    Kobayashi M., Iaccarino C., Saiardi A., Heidt V., Bozzi Y., Picetti R., Vitale C., Westphal H., Drago J., Borrelli E.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:11465-11470(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Physiological modulation of intestinal motility by enteric dopaminergic neurons and the D2 receptor: analysis of dopamine receptor expression, location, development, and function in wild-type and knock-out mice."
    Li Z.S., Schmauss C., Cuenca A., Ratcliffe E., Gershon M.D.
    J. Neurosci. 26:2798-2807(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Enhancement of dopamine-induced signaling responses in the forebrain of mice lacking dopamine D3 receptor."
    Mizuo K., Narita M., Miyatake M., Suzuki T.
    Neurosci. Lett. 358:13-16(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "D1-D2 dopamine receptor heterooligomers with unique pharmacology are coupled to rapid activation of Gq/11 in the striatum."
    Rashid A.J., So C.H., Kong M.M., Furtak T., El-Ghundi M., Cheng R., O'Dowd B.F., George S.R.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:654-659(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• pigmentation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor plays a critical role in cell proliferation and proopiomelanocortin expression in the pituitary."
    Yamaguchi H., Aiba A., Nakamura K., Nakao K., Sakagami H., Goto K., Kondo H., Katsuki M.
    Genes Cells 1:253-268(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cytokinesis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "G protein-coupled receptors participate in cytokinesis."
    Zhang X., Bedigian A.V., Wang W., Eggert U.S.
    Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 69:810-818(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Differential sensitivity of the short and long human dopamine D2 receptor subtypes to protein kinase C."
    Liu Y.F., Civelli O., Grandy D.K., Albert P.R.
    J. Neurochem. 59:2311-2317(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice exhibit decreased dopamine transporter function but no changes in dopamine release in dorsal striatum."
    Dickinson S.D., Sabeti J., Larson G.A., Giardina K., Rubinstein M., Kelly M.A., Grandy D.K., Low M.J., Gerhardt G.A., Zahniser N.R.
    J. Neurochem. 72:148-156(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A dopamine D2 receptor mutant capable of G protein-mediated signaling but deficient in arrestin binding."
    Lan H., Liu Y., Bell M.I., Gurevich V.V., Neve K.A.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 75:113-123(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor activation leads to an up-regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor via Gbetagamma-Erk1/2-dependent induction of Zif268."
    Ahmadiantehrani S., Ron D.
    J. Neurochem. 125:193-204(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A dopamine D2 receptor mutant capable of G protein-mediated signaling but deficient in arrestin binding."
    Lan H., Liu Y., Bell M.I., Gurevich V.V., Neve K.A.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 75:113-123(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of growth hormone secretion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Disruption of the D2 dopamine receptor alters GH and IGF-I secretion and causes dwarfism in male mice."
    Diaz-Torga G., Feierstein C., Libertun C., Gelman D., Kelly M.A., Low M.J., Rubinstein M., Becu-Villalobos D.
    Endocrinology 143:1270-1279(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Dopamine receptor mechanisms mediate corticotropin-releasing factor-induced long-term potentiation in the rat amygdala following cocaine withdrawal."
    Krishnan B., Centeno M., Pollandt S., Fu Y., Genzer K., Liu J., Gallagher J.P., Shinnick-Gallagher P.
    Eur. J. Neurosci. 31:1027-1042(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Source: BHF-UCL <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of heterologously expressed D3 dopamine receptors: comparison with D2 dopamine receptors."
    Chio C.L., Lajiness M.E., Huff R.M.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 45:51-60(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of multicellular organism growth Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Disruption of the D2 dopamine receptor alters GH and IGF-I secretion and causes dwarfism in male mice."
    Diaz-Torga G., Feierstein C., Libertun C., Gelman D., Kelly M.A., Low M.J., Rubinstein M., Becu-Villalobos D.
    Endocrinology 143:1270-1279(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in adult mouse hippocampus."
    Hiramoto T., Kanda Y., Satoh Y., Takishima K., Watanabe Y.
    Neuroreport 18:659-664(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neurogenesis Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Modulation of Postnatal Neurogenesis by Perinatal Asphyxia: Effect of D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptor Agonists."
    Tapia-Bustos A., Perez-Lobos R., Vio V., Lespay-Rebolledo C., Palacios E., Chiti-Morales A., Bustamante D., Herrera-Marschitz M., Morales P.
    Neurotox Res 31:109-121(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of receptor internalization Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A dopamine D2 receptor mutant capable of G protein-mediated signaling but deficient in arrestin binding."
    Lan H., Liu Y., Bell M.I., Gurevich V.V., Neve K.A.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 75:113-123(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of renal sodium excretion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice."
    Li X.X., Bek M., Asico L.D., Yang Z., Grandy D.K., Goldstein D.S., Rubinstein M., Eisner G.M., Jose P.A.
    Hypertension 38:303-308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Substrate-dependent regulation of MAO-A in rat mesangial cells: involvement of dopamine D2-like receptors."
    Pizzinat N., Marchal-Victorion S., Maurel A., Ordener C., Bompart G., Parini A.
    Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 284:F167-74(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of urine volume Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice."
    Li X.X., Bek M., Asico L.D., Yang Z., Grandy D.K., Goldstein D.S., Rubinstein M., Eisner G.M., Jose P.A.
    Hypertension 38:303-308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Source: SynGOInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Dopamine-glutamate interactions controlling prefrontal cortical pyramidal cell excitability involve multiple signaling mechanisms."
    Tseng K.Y., O'Donnell P.
    J. Neurosci. 24:5131-5139(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• prepulse inhibition Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The dopamine D2, but not D3 or D4, receptor subtype is essential for the disruption of prepulse inhibition produced by amphetamine in mice."
    Ralph R.J., Varty G.B., Kelly M.A., Wang Y.M., Caron M.G., Rubinstein M., Grandy D.K., Low M.J., Geyer M.A.
    J. Neurosci. 19:4627-4633(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Differential effects of direct and indirect dopamine agonists on prepulse inhibition: a study in D1 and D2 receptor knock-out mice."
    Ralph-Williams R.J., Lehmann-Masten V., Otero-Corchon V., Low M.J., Geyer M.A.
    J. Neurosci. 22:9604-9611(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Dopamine D2S and D2L receptors may differentially contribute to the actions of antipsychotic and psychotic agents in mice."
    Xu R., Hranilovic D., Fetsko L.A., Bucan M., Wang Y.
    Mol. Psychiatry 7:1075-1082(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Accumbal dopamine D2 receptors are important for sensorimotor gating in C3H mice."
    Mohr D., Pilz P.K., Plappert C.F., Fendt M.
    Neuroreport 18:1493-1497(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein localization Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Targeted disruption of the dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptor genes leads to different alterations in the expression of striatal calbindin-D(28k)."
    Jung M.Y., Hof P.R., Schmauss C.
    Neuroscience 97:495-504(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of dopamine secretion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Changes in extracellular dopamine induced by morphine and cocaine: crucial control by D2 receptors."
    Rouge-Pont F., Usiello A., Benoit-Marand M., Gonon F., Piazza P.V., Borrelli E.
    J. Neurosci. 22:3293-3301(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Altered dopamine release and uptake kinetics in mice lacking D2 receptors."
    Schmitz Y., Schmauss C., Sulzer D.
    J. Neurosci. 22:8002-8009(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of heart rate Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice."
    Li X.X., Bek M., Asico L.D., Yang Z., Grandy D.K., Goldstein D.S., Rubinstein M., Eisner G.M., Jose P.A.
    Hypertension 38:303-308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Lentiviral-mediated gene delivery reveals distinct roles of nucleus accumbens dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in novelty- and light-induced locomotor activity."
    Fernandes A.R., Easton A.C., De Souza Silva M.A., Schumann G., Muller C.P., Desrivieres S.
    Eur. J. Neurosci. 35:1344-1353(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Abnormal synaptic plasticity in the striatum of mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors."
    Calabresi P., Saiardi A., Pisani A., Baik J.H., Centonze D., Mercuri N.B., Bernardi G., Borrelli E.
    J. Neurosci. 17:4536-4544(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of MAPK cascade Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of Go-coupled dopamine D2 receptors inhibits ERK1/ERK2 in pituitary cells. A key step in the transcriptional suppression of the prolactin gene."
    Liu J.C., Baker R.E., Sun C., Sundmark V.C., Elsholtz H.P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:35819-35825(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of neurotransmitter uptake Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Altered dopamine release and uptake kinetics in mice lacking D2 receptors."
    Schmitz Y., Schmauss C., Sulzer D.
    J. Neurosci. 22:8002-8009(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Inhibition of protein tyrosine/mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase activity is associated with D2 dopamine receptor supersensitivity in a rat model of Parkinson's disease."
    Zhen X., Torres C., Cai G., Friedman E.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 62:1356-1363(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of potassium ion transport Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Differential coupling of dopaminergic D2 receptors expressed in different cell types. Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in LtK- fibroblasts, hyperpolarization, and cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration decrease in GH4C1 cells."
    Vallar L., Muca C., Magni M., Albert P., Bunzow J., Meldolesi J., Civelli O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 265:10320-10326(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Transfected D2 short dopamine receptors inhibit voltage-dependent potassium current in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells."
    Castellano M.A., Liu L.X., Monsma F.J. Jr., Sibley D.R., Kapatos G., Chiodo L.A.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 44:649-656(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of sodium ion transport Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Adrenergic and endothelin B receptor-dependent hypertension in dopamine receptor type-2 knockout mice."
    Li X.X., Bek M., Asico L.D., Yang Z., Grandy D.K., Goldstein D.S., Rubinstein M., Eisner G.M., Jose P.A.
    Hypertension 38:303-308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of synapse structural plasticity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Polysialic acid is required for dopamine D2 receptor-mediated plasticity involving inhibitory circuits of the rat medial prefrontal cortex."
    Castillo-Gomez E., Varea E., Blasco-Ibanez J.M., Crespo C., Nacher J.
    PLoS ONE 6:e29516-e29516(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Functional uncoupling of adenosine A(2A) receptors and reduced responseto caffeine in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors."
    Zahniser N.R., Simosky J.K., Mayfield R.D., Negri C.A., Hanania T., Larson G.A., Kelly M.A., Grandy D.K., Rubinstein M., Low M.J., Fredholm B.B.
    J. Neurosci. 20:5949-5957(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Altered GABAergic neurotransmission in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors."
    An J.J., Bae M.H., Cho S.R., Lee S.H., Choi S.H., Lee B.H., Shin H.S., Kim Y.N., Park K.W., Borrelli E., Baik J.H.
    Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 25:732-741(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Differential contribution of dopamine D2S and D2L receptors in the modulation of glutamate and GABA transmission in the striatum."
    Centonze D., Gubellini P., Usiello A., Rossi S., Tscherter A., Bracci E., Erbs E., Tognazzi N., Bernardi G., Pisani A., Calabresi P., Borrelli E.
    Neuroscience 129:157-166(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Altered dopamine release and uptake kinetics in mice lacking D2 receptors."
    Schmitz Y., Schmauss C., Sulzer D.
    J. Neurosci. 22:8002-8009(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Regulation of prefrontal excitatory neurotransmission by dopamine in the nucleus accumbens core."
    Wang W., Dever D., Lowe J., Storey G.P., Bhansali A., Eck E.K., Nitulescu I., Weimer J., Bamford N.S.
    J. Physiol. (Lond.) 590:3743-3769(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Transfected D2 short dopamine receptors inhibit voltage-dependent potassium current in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells."
    Castellano M.A., Liu L.X., Monsma F.J. Jr., Sibley D.R., Kapatos G., Chiodo L.A.
    Mol. Pharmacol. 44:649-656(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to amphetamine Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Amphetamine-induced changes in dopamine receptors in early postnatal rat brain."
    Mukda S., Kaewsuk S., Ebadi M., Govitrapong P.
    Dev. Neurosci. 31:193-201(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to axon injury Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Developmental changes in the mRNA expression of neuropeptides and dopamine and glutamate receptors in neonates and adult rats after ventral hippocampal lesion."
    El-Rawas R., Saade N.E., Thiriet N., Atweh S., Jaber M., Al-Amin H.A.
    Schizophr. Res. 113:298-307(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to cocaine Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Role of dopamine D2-like receptors in cocaine self-administration: studies with D2 receptor mutant mice and novel D2 receptor antagonists."
    Caine S.B., Negus S.S., Mello N.K., Patel S., Bristow L., Kulagowski J., Vallone D., Saiardi A., Borrelli E.
    J. Neurosci. 22:2977-2988(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Changes in extracellular dopamine induced by morphine and cocaine: crucial control by D2 receptors."
    Rouge-Pont F., Usiello A., Benoit-Marand M., Gonon F., Piazza P.V., Borrelli E.
    J. Neurosci. 22:3293-3301(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cocaine-induced locomotor activity and cocaine discrimination in dopamine D2 receptor mutant mice."
    Chausmer A.L., Elmer G.I., Rubinstein M., Low M.J., Grandy D.K., Katz J.L.
    Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 163:54-61(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Decrease of D2 receptor binding but increase in D2-stimulated G-protein activation, dopamine transporter binding and behavioural sensitization in brains of mice treated with a chronic escalating dose 'binge' cocaine administration paradigm."
    Bailey A., Metaxas A., Yoo J.H., McGee T., Kitchen I.
    Eur. J. Neurosci. 28:759-770(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to drug Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics."
    Sokoloff P., Giros B., Martres M.-P., Bouthenet M.-L., Schwartz J.-C.
    Nature 347:146-151(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to ethanol Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Enhanced dopamine D2 receptor function in hypothalamus and corpus striatum: their role in liver, plasma and in vitro hepatocyte ALDH regulation in ethanol treated rats."
    Akash K.G., Anju T.R., Peeyush K.T., Paulose C.S.
    J. Biomed. Sci. 15:623-631(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to histamine Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine modulates von Willebrand factor secretion in endothelial cells via D2-D4 receptors."
    Zarei S., Frieden M., Rubi B., Villemin P., Gauthier B.R., Maechler P., Vischer U.M.
    J. Thromb. Haemost. 4:1588-1595(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hypoxia Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor modulation of carotid body type 1 cell intracellular calcium in developing rats."
    Carroll J.L., Boyle K.M., Wasicko M.J., Sterni L.M.
    Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 288:L910-6(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to inactivity Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effects of immobilization stress on neurochemical markers in the motivational system of the male rat."
    Lucas L.R., Wang C.J., McCall T.J., McEwen B.S.
    Brain Res. 1155:108-115(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to iron ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor expression is altered by changes in cellular iron levels in PC12 cells and rat brain tissue."
    Unger E.L., Wiesinger J.A., Hao L., Beard J.L.
    J. Nutr. 138:2487-2494(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to light stimulus Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Impaired light masking in dopamine D2 receptor-null mice."
    Doi M., Yujnovsky I., Hirayama J., Malerba M., Tirotta E., Sassone-Corsi P., Borrelli E.
    Nat. Neurosci. 9:732-734(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to morphine Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The D2 receptor is critical in mediating opiate motivation only in opiate-dependent and withdrawn mice."
    Dockstader C.L., Rubinstein M., Grandy D.K., Low M.J., van der Kooy D.
    Eur. J. Neurosci. 13:995-1001(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Potentiation of opioid analgesia in dopamine2 receptor knock-out mice: evidence for a tonically active anti-opioid system."
    King M.A., Bradshaw S., Chang A.H., Pintar J.E., Pasternak G.W.
    J. Neurosci. 21:7788-7792(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Changes in extracellular dopamine induced by morphine and cocaine: crucial control by D2 receptors."
    Rouge-Pont F., Usiello A., Benoit-Marand M., Gonon F., Piazza P.V., Borrelli E.
    J. Neurosci. 22:3293-3301(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Dopamine D2L receptor knockout mice display deficits in positive and negative reinforcing properties of morphine and in avoidance learning."
    Smith J.W., Fetsko L.A., Xu R., Wang Y.
    Neuroscience 113:755-765(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Absence of opiate rewarding effects in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors."
    Maldonado R., Saiardi A., Valverde O., Samad T.A., Roques B.P., Borrelli E.
    Nature 388:586-589(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to nicotine Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Nicotine tolerance to PC12 cell line: acute and chronic exposures modulate dopamine D2 receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase expression."
    Naha N., Lee H.Y., Hwang J.S., Bahk J.Y., Park M.S., Lee S.Y., Kim S.H., Kim M.O.
    Neurol. Res. 31:289-299(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to toxic substance Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Changes in neurotransmitter receptor expression levels in rat brain after 4-week exposure to 1-bromopropane."
    Mohideen S.S., Ichihara S., Banu S., Liu F., Kitoh J., Ichihara G.
    Neurotoxicology 30:1078-1083(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sensory perception of smell Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Olfactory discrimination deficits in mice lacking the dopamine transporter or the D2 dopamine receptor."
    Tillerson J.L., Caudle W.M., Parent J.M., Gong C., Schallert T., Miller G.W.
    Behav. Brain Res. 172:97-105(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• startle response Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Accumbal dopamine D2 receptors are important for sensorimotor gating in C3H mice."
    Mohr D., Pilz P.K., Plappert C.F., Fendt M.
    Neuroreport 18:1493-1497(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• striatum development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression and function of dopamine receptors in the developing medial frontal cortex and striatum of the rat."
    Sillivan S.E., Konradi C.
    Neuroscience 199:501-514(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• synapse assembly Source: BHF-UCLInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors are co-localized on the presynaptic varicosities of striatal and nucleus accumbens neurons in vitro."
    Wong A.C., Shetreat M.E., Clarke J.O., Rayport S.
    Neuroscience 89:221-233(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• synaptic transmission, dopaminergic Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Dopaminergic regulation of inhibitory and excitatory transmission in the basolateral amygdala-prefrontal cortical pathway."
    Floresco S.B., Tse M.T.
    J. Neurosci. 27:2045-2057(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• temperature homeostasis Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Dopamine D2 receptor knock-out mice are insensitive to the hypolocomotor and hypothermic effects of dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonists."
    Boulay D., Depoortere R., Perrault G., Borrelli E., Sanger D.J.
    Neuropharmacology 38:1389-1396(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Hyperthermic and lethal effects of methamphetamine: roles of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors."
    Ito M., Numachi Y., Ohara A., Sora I.
    Neurosci. Lett. 438:327-329(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• visual learning Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Mice lacking dopamine D2 and D3 receptors have spatial working memory deficits."
    Glickstein S.B., Hof P.R., Schmauss C.
    J. Neurosci. 22:5619-5629(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• Wnt signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of the canonical Wnt pathway by the antipsychotics haloperidol and clozapine involves dishevelled-3."
    Sutton L.P., Honardoust D., Mouyal J., Rajakumar N., Rushlow W.J.
    J. Neurochem. 102:153-169(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• identical protein binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Schizophrenia, amphetamine-induced sensitized state and acute amphetamine exposure all show a common alteration: increased dopamine D2 receptor dimerization."
    Wang M., Pei L., Fletcher P.J., Kapur S., Seeman P., Liu F.
    Mol Brain 3:25-25(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ionotropic glutamate receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Modulation of D2R-NR2B interactions in response to cocaine."
    Liu X.Y., Chu X.P., Mao L.M., Wang M., Lan H.X., Li M.H., Zhang G.C., Parelkar N.K., Fibuch E.E., Haines M., Neve K.A., Liu F., Xiong Z.G., Wang J.Q.
    Neuron 52:897-909(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Modulation of D2R-NR2B interactions in response to cocaine."
    Liu X.Y., Chu X.P., Mao L.M., Wang M., Lan H.X., Li M.H., Zhang G.C., Parelkar N.K., Fibuch E.E., Haines M., Neve K.A., Liu F., Xiong Z.G., Wang J.Q.
    Neuron 52:897-909(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MDPLNLSWYD DDLERQNWSR PFNGSEGKAD RPHYNYYAML LTLLIFIIVF 
        60         70         80         90        100
GNVLVCMAVS REKALQTTTN YLIVSLAVAD LLVATLVMPW VVYLEVVGEW 
       110        120        130        140        150
KFSRIHCDIF VTLDVMMCTA SILNLCAISI DRYTAVAMPM LYNTRYSSKR 
       160        170        180        190        200
RVTVMIAIVW VLSFTISCPL LFGLNNTDQN ECIIANPAFV VYSSIVSFYV 
       210        220        230        240        250
PFIVTLLVYI KIYIVLRKRR KRVNTKRSSR AFRANLKTPL KGNCTHPEDM 
       260        270        280        290        300
KLCTVIMKSN GSFPVNRRRM DAARRAQELE MEMLSSTSPP ERTRYSPIPP 
       310        320        330        340        350
SHHQLTLPDP SHHGLHSNPD SPAKPEKNGH AKIVNPRIAK FFEIQTMPNG 
       360        370        380        390        400
KTRTSLKTMS RRKLSQQKEK KATQMLAIVL GVFIICWLPF FITHILNIHC 
       410        420        430        440 
DCNIPPVLYS AFTWLGYVNS AVNPIIYTTF NIEFRKAFMK ILHC       

        10         20         30         40         50
MDPLNLSWYD DDLERQNWSR PFNGSEGKAD RPHYNYYAML LTLLIFIIVF 
        60         70         80         90        100
GNVLVCMAVS REKALQTTTN YLIVSLAVAD LLVATLVMPW VVYLEVVGEW 
       110        120        130        140        150
KFSRIHCDIF VTLDVMMCTA SILNLCAISI DRYTAVAMPM LYNTRYSSKR 
       160        170        180        190        200
RVTVMIAIVW VLSFTISCPL LFGLNNTDQN ECIIANPAFV VYSSIVSFYV 
       210        220        230        240        250
PFIVTLLVYI KIYIVLRKRR KRVNTKRSSR AFRANLKTPL KDAARRAQEL 
       260        270        280        290        300
EMEMLSSTSP PERTRYSPIP PSHHQLTLPD PSHHGLHSNP DSPAKPEKNG 
       310        320        330        340        350
HAKIVNPRIA KFFEIQTMPN GKTRTSLKTM SRRKLSQQKE KKATQMLAIV 
       360        370        380        390        400
LGVFIICWLP FFITHILNIH CDCNIPPVLY SAFTWLGYVN SAVNPIIYTT 
       410 
FNIEFRKAFM KILHC                                       

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. 7-transmembrane G-linked receptors
   List of 7-transmembrane G-linked receptor entries