Interleukin-2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• carbohydrate binding Source: Ensembl
• cytokine activity Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Stat5 is required for IL-2-induced cell cycle progression of peripheral T cells."
    Moriggl R., Topham D.J., Teglund S., Sexl V., McKay C., Wang D., Hoffmeyer A., van Deursen J., Sangster M.Y., Bunting K.D., Grosveld G.C., Ihle J.N.
    Immunity 10:249-259(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Development and function of T cells in mice rendered interleukin-2 deficient by gene targeting."
    Schorle H., Holtschke T., Hunig T., Schimpl A., Horak I.
    Nature 352:621-624(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glycosphingolipid binding Source: Ensembl
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-2 receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Definition and spatial location of mouse interleukin-2 residues that interact with its heterotrimeric receptor."
    Zurawski S., Vega F. Jr., Doyel E.L., Huyghe B., Flaherty K., McKay D.B., Zurawski G.
    EMBO J. 12:5113-5119(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kappa-type opioid receptor binding Source: Ensembl
• kinase activator activity Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adaptive immune response Source: UniProtKB-KW
• cell adhesion Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Induction of interactions between CD44 and hyaluronic acid by a short exposure of human T cells to diverse pro-inflammatory mediators."
    Ariel A., Lider O., Brill A., Cahalon L., Savion N., Varon D., Hershkoviz R.
    Immunology 100:345-351(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell signaling Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: Ensembl
• gene expression Source: Ensembl
• immune response Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Severe combined immunodeficiency due to a specific defect in the production of interleukin-2."
    Weinberg K., Parkman R.
    N. Engl. J. Med. 322:1718-1723(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• leukocyte activation involved in immune response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "HMGN2: a novel antimicrobial effector molecule of human mononuclear leukocytes?"
    Feng Y., Huang N., Wu Q., Wang B.
    J. Leukoc. Biol. 78:1136-1141(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• MAPK cascade Source: Reactome
• natural killer cell activation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apoptosis and proliferation of SAC-activated B cells by IL-10 are associated with changes in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 expression."
    Li L., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Choi Y.S.
    Cell. Immunol. 178:33-41(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of heart contraction Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Stat5 is required for IL-2-induced cell cycle progression of peripheral T cells."
    Moriggl R., Topham D.J., Teglund S., Sexl V., McKay C., Wang D., Hoffmeyer A., van Deursen J., Sangster M.Y., Bunting K.D., Grosveld G.C., Ihle J.N.
    Immunity 10:249-259(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Development and function of T cells in mice rendered interleukin-2 deficient by gene targeting."
    Schorle H., Holtschke T., Hunig T., Schimpl A., Horak I.
    Nature 352:621-624(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of B cell proliferation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apoptosis and proliferation of SAC-activated B cells by IL-10 are associated with changes in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 expression."
    Li L., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Choi Y.S.
    Cell. Immunol. 178:33-41(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell growth Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of dendritic spine development Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence <br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • "Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells."
    Hoeve M.A., Savage N.D., de Boer T., Langenberg D.M., de Waal Malefyt R., Ottenhoff T.H., Verreck F.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 36:661-670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of interleukin-17 production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells."
    Hoeve M.A., Savage N.D., de Boer T., Langenberg D.M., de Waal Malefyt R., Ottenhoff T.H., Verreck F.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 36:661-670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of tissue remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred by curatorⁱ
  • "Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells."
    Hoeve M.A., Savage N.D., de Boer T., Langenberg D.M., de Waal Malefyt R., Ottenhoff T.H., Verreck F.A.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 36:661-670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-23 modulates CD56+/CD3- NK cell and CD56+/CD3+ NK-like T cell function differentially from IL-12."
    van de Wetering D., de Paus R.A., van Dissel J.T., van de Vosse E.
    Int. Immunol. 21:145-153(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
• regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation Source: Reactome
• regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation Source: Ensembl
• response to ethanol Source: Ensembl
• T cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section describes the use of a protein as a pharmaceutical drug. It indicates the name of the drug, the name of the firm that commercializes it and explains in a few words in which context the drug is used. In some cases, drugs that are under development are also described.<p><a href='/help/pharmaceutical_use' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pharmaceutical useⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Stat5 is required for IL-2-induced cell cycle progression of peripheral T cells."
    Moriggl R., Topham D.J., Teglund S., Sexl V., McKay C., Wang D., Hoffmeyer A., van Deursen J., Sangster M.Y., Bunting K.D., Grosveld G.C., Ihle J.N.
    Immunity 10:249-259(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Development and function of T cells in mice rendered interleukin-2 deficient by gene targeting."
    Schorle H., Holtschke T., Hunig T., Schimpl A., Horak I.
    Nature 352:621-624(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The IL-2 receptor complex: its structure, function, and target genes."
    Minami Y., Kono T., Miyazaki T., Taniguchi T.
    Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:245-268(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-2 receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Definition and spatial location of mouse interleukin-2 residues that interact with its heterotrimeric receptor."
    Zurawski S., Vega F. Jr., Doyel E.L., Huyghe B., Flaherty K., McKay D.B., Zurawski G.
    EMBO J. 12:5113-5119(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kappa-type opioid receptor binding Source: Ensembl

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MYRMQLLSCI ALSLALVTNS APTSSSTKKT QLQLEHLLLD LQMILNGINN 
        60         70         80         90        100
YKNPKLTRML TFKFYMPKKA TELKHLQCLE EELKPLEEVL NLAQSKNFHL 
       110        120        130        140        150
RPRDLISNIN VIVLELKGSE TTFMCEYADE TATIVEFLNR WITFCQSIIS 

TLT                                                    

<p>This subsection of the ‘Sequence’ section reports difference(s) between the protein sequence shown in the UniProtKB entry and other available protein sequences derived from the same gene.<p><a href='/help/sequence_caution' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence cautionⁱ

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. Human chromosome 4
   Human chromosome 4: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
4. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
5. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot