TAS2R38

Functionⁱ

Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity).By similarity

Miscellaneous

Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can discriminate among bitter stimuli.

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

bitter taste receptor activity
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 20022913
G protein-coupled receptor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 20022913
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	G-protein coupled receptor, Receptor, Transducer
Biological process	Sensory transduction, Taste

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-420499 Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499 Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

Protein family/group databases

TCDBⁱ

9.A.14.17.5 the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Taste receptor type 2 member 38 Short name: T2R38 Alternative name(s): PTC bitter taste receptor Taste receptor type 2 member 61 Short name: T2R61
Gene namesⁱ	Name:TAS2R38 Synonyms:PTC
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 7

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000257138.1
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:9584 TAS2R38
MIMⁱ	607751 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P59533

Topology

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Topological domainⁱ	1 – 17	ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST	17
Transmembraneⁱ	18 – 38	Helical; Name=1Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	39 – 55	CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST	17
Transmembraneⁱ	56 – 76	Helical; Name=2Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	77 – 94	ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST	18
Transmembraneⁱ	95 – 115	Helical; Name=3Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	116 – 142	CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST	27
Transmembraneⁱ	143 – 163	Helical; Name=4Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	164 – 190	ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST	27
Transmembraneⁱ	191 – 211	Helical; Name=5Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	212 – 251	CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST	40
Transmembraneⁱ	252 – 272	Helical; Name=6Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	273 – 276	ExtracellularSequence analysis	4
Transmembraneⁱ	277 – 297	Helical; Name=7Sequence analysisAdd BLAST	21
Topological domainⁱ	298 – 333	CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST	36

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Membrane

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	5726
MalaCards human disease database More...MalaCardsⁱ	TAS2R38
MIMⁱ	171200 phenotype
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000257138
PharmGKBⁱ	PA33936

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	TAS2R38
DMDMⁱ	68068016

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000082273	1 – 333	Taste receptor type 2 member 38Add BLAST		333

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Glycosylationⁱ	89	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis		1
Glycosylationⁱ	178	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis		1

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Glycoprotein

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	P59533
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P59533
PRIDEⁱ	P59533
ProteomicsDBⁱ	57140

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P59533
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P59533

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells. Expressed in testis (PubMed:16720576).1 Publication

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000257138 Expressed in 4 organ(s), highest expression level in small intestine Peyer's patch
CleanExⁱ	HS_TAS2R38
Genevisibleⁱ	P59533 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	HPA043862 HPA054366

HPAⁱ

HPA043862
HPA054366

Interactionⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	111698, 2 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000448219

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P59533
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.Curated

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Transmembrane, Transmembrane helix

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IH9N Eukaryota ENOG410Z3YE LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000119096
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000041379
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG098741
InParanoidⁱ	P59533
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K08474
OMAⁱ	KIVRFSH
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0ERQ
PhylomeDBⁱ	P59533
TreeFamⁱ	TF335891

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database More...CDDⁱ	cd15025 7tm_TAS2R38, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR007960 T2R IPR030050 TAS2R38
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11394:SF52 PTHR11394:SF52, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF05296 TAS2R, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

P59533-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MLTLTRIRTV SYEVRSTFLF ISVLEFAVGF LTNAFVFLVN FWDVVKRQAL 
        60         70         80         90        100
SNSDCVLLCL SISRLFLHGL LFLSAIQLTH FQKLSEPLNH SYQAIIMLWM 
       110        120        130        140        150
IANQANLWLA ACLSLLYCSK LIRFSHTFLI CLASWVSRKI SQMLLGIILC 
       160        170        180        190        200
SCICTVLCVW CFFSRPHFTV TTVLFMNNNT RLNWQIKDLN LFYSFLFCYL 
       210        220        230        240        250
WSVPPFLLFL VSSGMLTVSL GRHMRTMKVY TRNSRDPSLE AHIKALKSLV 
       260        270        280        290        300
SFFCFFVISS CAAFISVPLL ILWRDKIGVM VCVGIMAACP SGHAAILISG 
       310        320        330 
NAKLRRAVMT ILLWAQSSLK VRADHKADSR TLC

Length:333

Mass (Da):37,892

Last modified:June 21, 2005 - v3

Checksum:ⁱE3B5EDD5AB99994C

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	186	I → N in AAM19322 (PubMed:12379855).Curated		1

Polymorphismⁱ

Variations in TAS2R38 are associated with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC tasting) [MIMⁱ:171200]; also called thiourea tasting. The ability to taste the substance PTC and a number of related substances is genetically controlled. Genetic studies have demonstrated complex inheritance for this trait. For some people (and some chimpanzees also), the chemical PTC tastes very bitter. For others, it is tasteless. Actually, substantial variation in taste sensitivity exists in human. Five haplotypes arising from three coding SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene are associated with distinct phenotypes of PTC taste sensitivity.

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_017860	49	A → P1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs713598EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_017861	262	A → V5 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1726866Ensembl.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_017862	296	I → V1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs10246939EnsemblClinVar.	1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF494231 Genomic DNA Translation: AAM19322.1 AY114095 Genomic DNA Translation: AAM63545.1 AY258598 Genomic DNA Translation: AAP14667.1 AY724960 Genomic DNA Translation: AAU21156.1 CH236950 Genomic DNA Translation: EAL24011.1 CH471070 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW83993.1 BC104933 mRNA Translation: AAI04934.1 BC104937 mRNA Translation: AAI04938.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS34765.1
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_789787.4, NM_176817.4
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.647085

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000547270; ENSP00000448219; ENSG00000257138
GeneIDⁱ	5726
KEGGⁱ	hsa:5726
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc003vwx.1 human

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P59533	Taste receptor type 2 (Fragment)		HUMAN		309	UniRef100_P59533
Taste receptor type 2 (Fragment)		HUMAN		310

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P59533	Taste receptor type 2 member 38		GORGO		333	UniRef90_P59533
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		HYLKL		333
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		PANPA		333
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		PANTR		333
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		PAPHA		333
+88

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P59533	Taste receptor type 2 member 38		PANTR		333	UniRef50_P59533
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		GORGO		333
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		HYLKL		333
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		PANPA		333
Taste receptor type 2 member 38		PAPHA		333
+196

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Protein Spotlight

A tail of protection - Issue 119 of July 2010

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF494231 Genomic DNA Translation: AAM19322.1 AY114095 Genomic DNA Translation: AAM63545.1 AY258598 Genomic DNA Translation: AAP14667.1 AY724960 Genomic DNA Translation: AAU21156.1 CH236950 Genomic DNA Translation: EAL24011.1 CH471070 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW83993.1 BC104933 mRNA Translation: AAI04934.1 BC104937 mRNA Translation: AAI04938.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS34765.1
RefSeqⁱ	NP_789787.4, NM_176817.4
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.647085

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P59533
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	111698, 2 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000448219

Protein family/group databases

TCDBⁱ	9.A.14.17.5 the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family
GPCRDBⁱ	Search...

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P59533
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P59533

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	TAS2R38
DMDMⁱ	68068016

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	P59533
PeptideAtlasⁱ	P59533
PRIDEⁱ	P59533
ProteomicsDBⁱ	57140

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000547270; ENSP00000448219; ENSG00000257138
GeneIDⁱ	5726
KEGGⁱ	hsa:5726
UCSCⁱ	uc003vwx.1 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	5726
DisGeNETⁱ	5726
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000257138.1
GeneCardsⁱ	TAS2R38
H-InvDBⁱ	HIX0033729
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:9584 TAS2R38
HPAⁱ	HPA043862 HPA054366
MalaCardsⁱ	TAS2R38
MIMⁱ	171200 phenotype 607751 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P59533
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000257138
PharmGKBⁱ	PA33936
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IH9N Eukaryota ENOG410Z3YE LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00760000119096
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000041379
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG098741
InParanoidⁱ	P59533
KOⁱ	K08474
OMAⁱ	KIVRFSH
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0ERQ
PhylomeDBⁱ	P59533
TreeFamⁱ	TF335891

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-420499 Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-420499 Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

Miscellaneous databases

GeneWikiⁱ	TAS2R38
GenomeRNAiⁱ	5726
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P59533
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000257138 Expressed in 4 organ(s), highest expression level in small intestine Peyer's patch
CleanExⁱ	HS_TAS2R38
Genevisibleⁱ	P59533 HS

Family and domain databases

CDDⁱ	cd15025 7tm_TAS2R38, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR007960 T2R IPR030050 TAS2R38
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11394:SF52 PTHR11394:SF52, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF05296 TAS2R, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	T2R38_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	P59533Primary (citable) accession number: P59533 Secondary accession number(s): A4D1U6 , P59552, Q2M3E8, Q645W3, Q86UK3
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 11, 2003
	Last sequence update:	June 21, 2005
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 138 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Human chromosome 7
Human chromosome 7: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
7-transmembrane G-linked receptors
List of 7-transmembrane G-linked receptor entries
Protein Spotlight
Protein Spotlight articles and cited UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

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UniProtKB - P59533 (T2R38_HUMAN)

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Taste receptor type 2 member 38

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<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

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<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

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Plasma Membrane

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Topology

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

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Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

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<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

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Protocols and materials databases

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Gene expression databases

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<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ