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UniProtKB - P56636 (CA12_CONMA)

Entry version 107 (25 May 2022)
Sequence version 3 (05 Sep 2006)
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Protein

Alpha-conotoxin MII

Gene
N/A
Organism
Conus magus (Magical cone)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score:

Annotation score:5 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>-Experimental evidence at protein leveli <p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.<p><a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Alpha-conotoxins bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and inhibit them. This toxin blocks neuronal mammalian nAChRs (alpha-6/alpha-3-beta-2-beta-3 (0.39 nM) > alpha-3-beta-2/CHRNA3-CHRNB2 > alpha-3-beta-4/CHRNA3-CHRNB4 = alpha-4-beta-2/CHRNA4-CHRNB2) (PubMed:15005608, PubMed:20145249).

Also exhibits inhibition of D.melanogaster alpha-7/CHRNA7 nAChRs (PubMed:25466886).

In addition, inhibits alpha-6/alpha-3-beta-4 (CHRNA6/CHRNA3-CHRNB4) nAChR with a higher potency on human (IC50=1.49 nM) than on rat receptors (IC50=31.5 nM) (PubMed:33523678).

Its binding to alpha-3-beta-2/CHRNA3-CHRNB2 nAChR is prevented by alpha-conotoxin Lt1a, suggesting that the two toxins have overlapping binding sites (PubMed:20145249).

In addition, both toxins have distinct nAChR binding mode (PubMed:20145249).

In vivo, inhibits Ehrlich carcinoma growth and increase mouse survival (PubMed:32272633).

These effects are greatly enhanced when the toxin is applied with the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (PubMed:32272633).

10 Publications

Miscellaneous

There are currently a number of patents describing the use of this peptide in therapeutic applications.

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsi

Molecular functionAcetylcholine receptor inhibiting toxin, Ion channel impairing toxin, Neurotoxin, Postsynaptic neurotoxin, Toxin

Protein family/group databases

Transport Classification Database

More...TCDBi		8.B.32.1.1, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-targeting alpha-conotoxin (a-conotoxin) family

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.<p><a href='/help/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Alpha-conotoxin MII1 Publication
Short name:
Alpha-Ctx MII1 Publication
Short name:
Alpha-MII1 Publication
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>OrganismiConus magus (Magical cone)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the 'taxonomic identifier' or 'taxid'.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri6492 [NCBI]
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineageiEukaryota › Metazoa › Spiralia › Lophotrochozoa › Mollusca › Gastropoda › Caenogastropoda › Neogastropoda › Conoidea › Conidae › Conus › Pionoconus

Organism-specific databases

ConoServer: Cone snail toxin database

More...ConoServeri		8, MII precursor

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Keywords - Cellular componenti

Secreted

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/pathology%5Fand%5Fbiotech%5Fsection">'Pathology and Biotech'</a> section describes the effect of the experimental mutation of one or more amino acid(s) on the biological properties of the protein.<p><a href='/help/mutagen' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mutagenesisi49G → A: 4.5-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi52S → A: 4.9-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi53N → A: >2700-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi54P → A: 700-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi55V → A: 2.5-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi57H → A: 2-fold and ~20-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-6/alpha-3-beta-2-beta-3 and alpha-3-beta-2, respectively. In MII[H9A;L15A]; exhibits preferential loss of activity at alpha-3-beta-2 versus alpha-6/alpha-3-beta-2-beta-3 nAChR, making this analog the most selective alpha-6 ligand known. 2 Publications1
Mutagenesisi58L → A: 1.5-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi59E → A: 4.6-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi60H → A: About 2700-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi61S → A: 2.3-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi62N → A: No change in ability to inhibit alpha-3-beta-2 nAChR. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi63L → A: 2.4-fold and 15-fold decrease in ability to inhibit alpha-6/alpha-3-beta-2-beta-3 and alpha-3-beta-2, respectively. In MII[H9A;L15A]; exhibits preferential loss of activity at alpha-3-beta-2 versus alpha-6/alpha-3-beta-2-beta-3 nAChR, making this analog the most selective alpha-6 ligand thus far reported. 2 Publications1

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section denotes the presence of an N-terminal signal peptide.<p><a href='/help/signal' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Signal peptidei1 – 21Sequence analysisAdd BLAST21
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM / Processing</a> section describes a propeptide, which is a part of a protein that is cleaved during maturation or activation. Once cleaved, a propeptide generally has no independent biological function.<p><a href='/help/propep' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PropeptideiPRO_000003488122 – 481 PublicationAdd BLAST27
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section describes the position and length of an active peptide in the mature protein.<p><a href='/help/peptide' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PeptideiPRO_000003488249 – 64Alpha-conotoxin MII1 PublicationAdd BLAST16

Amino acid modifications

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the PTM / Processing":/help/ptm_processing_section section describes the positions of cysteine residues participating in disulfide bonds.<p><a href='/help/disulfid' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Disulfide bondi50 ↔ 563 PublicationsImported
Disulfide bondi51 ↔ 643 PublicationsImported
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.<p><a href='/help/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei64Cysteine amide2 Publications1

Keywords - PTMi

Amidation, Disulfide bond

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityi

Expressed by the venom duct.1 Publication

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

168
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details

3D structure databases

AlphaFold Protein Structure Database

More...AlphaFoldDBi		P56636

SWISS-MODEL Repository - a database of annotated 3D protein structure models

More...SMRi		P56636

Database of comparative protein structure models

More...ModBasei		Search...

Protein Data Bank in Europe - Knowledge Base

More...PDBe-KBi		Search...

Miscellaneous databases

Relative evolutionary importance of amino acids within a protein sequence

More...EvolutionaryTracei		P56636

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Region

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Family and Domains' section describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.<p><a href='/help/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni52 – 54Ser-Xaa-Pro motif, crucial for potent interaction with nAChR1 Publication3

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini

The cysteine framework is I (CC-C-C). Alpha4/7 pattern.Curated

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the conotoxin A superfamily.Curated

Keywords - Domaini

Signal

Family and domain databases

Integrated resource of protein families, domains and functional sites

More...InterProi		View protein in InterPro
IPR009958, Conotoxin_a-typ
IPR018072, Conotoxin_a-typ_CS

Pfam protein domain database

More...Pfami		View protein in Pfam
PF07365, Toxin_8, 1 hit

PROSITE; a protein domain and family database

More...PROSITEi		View protein in PROSITE
PS60014, ALPHA_CONOTOXIN, 1 hit

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingi: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

P56636-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
« Hide
        10         20         30         40         50
MGMRMMFTVF LLVVLATTVV SFPSDRASDG RNAAANDKAS DVITLALKGC 
        60 
CSNPVCHLEH SNLCGRRR
Length:68
Mass (Da):7,357
Last modified:September 5, 2006 - v3
<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p> <p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.</p> <p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).</p> <p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. </p> <p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br /> <strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p> Checksum:iFBD9AB40E6F277DF
GO

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide(s).<p><a href='/help/mass_spectrometry' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mass spectrometryi

Molecular mass is 1710.6 Da. Determined by LSI. 1 Publication

Sequence databases

Protein sequence database of the Protein Information Resource

More...PIRi		A59046

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

PIRiA59046

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations:

Protein Data Bank Europe

More...PDBei

Protein Data Bank RCSB

More...RCSB PDBi

Protein Data Bank Japan

More...PDBji
Links Updated
PDB entryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
1M2CNMR-A49-64[»]
1MIINMR-A49-64[»]
2AJWNMR-A49-64[»]
2AK0NMR-A49-64[»]
AlphaFoldDBiP56636
SMRiP56636
ModBaseiSearch...
PDBe-KBiSearch...

Protein family/group databases

TCDBi8.B.32.1.1, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-targeting alpha-conotoxin (a-conotoxin) family

Organism-specific databases

ConoServeri8, MII precursor

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceiP56636

Family and domain databases

InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR009958, Conotoxin_a-typ
IPR018072, Conotoxin_a-typ_CS
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF07365, Toxin_8, 1 hit
PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
PS60014, ALPHA_CONOTOXIN, 1 hit

MobiDB: a database of protein disorder and mobility annotations

More...MobiDBi		Search...

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry nameiCA12_CONMA
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called 'Primary (citable) accession number'.<p><a href='/help/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: P56636
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ('Last modified'). The version number for both the entry and the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> are also displayed.<p><a href='/help/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: December 15, 1998
Last sequence update: September 5, 2006
Last modified: May 25, 2022
This is version 107 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).<p><a href='/help/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programAnimal Toxin Annotation Program

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

3D-structure, Direct protein sequencing

Documents

  1. PDB cross-references
    Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
  2. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families
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