C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

• cytidine⁶⁶⁶⁶ in apoB mRNA

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  + H⁺

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  + H₂O

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  = NH₄⁺

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  + uridine⁶⁶⁶⁶ in apoB mRNA

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  By similarity

  <p>Manually curated information which has been propagated from a related experimentally characterized protein.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000250">More...</a></p> Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ

  • UniProtKB:P41238 (ABEC1_HUMAN)
  EC:3.5.4.36
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  By similarity

  Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ

  • UniProtKB:P41238 (ABEC1_HUMAN)
  Source: Rhea

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  cytidine⁶⁶⁶⁶ in apoB mRNA

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  CMP residue

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  +

  H⁺

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  +

  H₂O

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  =

  NH₄⁺

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  +

  uridine⁶⁶⁶⁶ in apoB mRNA

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  UMP residue

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<p>This subsection of the 'Function' section provides information relevant to cofactors. A cofactor is any non-protein substance required for a protein to be catalytically active. Some cofactors are inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in various oxidation states. Others, such as most vitamins, are organic.<p><a href='/help/cofactor' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cofactorⁱ

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytidine deaminase activity Source: MGI
• cytosine deaminase activity Source: MGI
• enzyme activator activity Source: MGI
• mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apobec-1 protects intestine from radiation injury through posttranscriptional regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression."
    Anant S., Murmu N., Houchen C.W., Mukhopadhyay D., Riehl T.E., Young S.G., Morrison A.R., Stenson W.F., Davidson N.O.
    Gastroenterology 127:1139-1149(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mRNA binding Source: MGI
• protein domain specific binding Source: MGI
• ribonucleoprotein complex binding Source: MGI
• RNA binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• zinc ion binding Source: InterPro

GO - Biological processⁱ

• cytidine to uridine editing Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein B RNA editing enzyme-deficient mice are viable despite alterations in lipoprotein metabolism."
    Morrison J.R., Paszty C., Stevens M.E., Hughes S.D., Forte T., Scott J., Rubin E.M.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:7154-7159(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to virus Source: MGI
• DNA cytosine deamination Source: MGI
• DNA demethylation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.4

    "Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain."
    Guo J.U., Su Y., Zhong C., Ming G.L., Song H.
    Cell 145:423-434(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION IN DNA DEMETHYLATION.
• lipoprotein biosynthetic process Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Hepatic secretion of apoB-100 is impaired in hypobetalipoproteinemic mice with an apoB-38.9-specifying allele."
    Chen Z., Fitzgerald R.L., Li G., Davidson N.O., Schonfeld G.
    J Lipid Res 45:155-163(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipoprotein metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein B RNA editing enzyme-deficient mice are viable despite alterations in lipoprotein metabolism."
    Morrison J.R., Paszty C., Stevens M.E., Hughes S.D., Forte T., Scott J., Rubin E.M.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:7154-7159(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipoprotein transport Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Hepatic secretion of apoB-100 is impaired in hypobetalipoproteinemic mice with an apoB-38.9-specifying allele."
    Chen Z., Fitzgerald R.L., Li G., Davidson N.O., Schonfeld G.
    J Lipid Res 45:155-163(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mRNA modification Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "APOBEC-2, a cardiac- and skeletal muscle-specific member of the cytidine deaminase supergene family."
    Liao W., Hong S.-H., Chan B.H.-J., Rudolph F.B., Clark S.C., Chan L.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260:398-404(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mRNA processing Source: UniProtKB-KW
• mRNA stabilization Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apobec-1 protects intestine from radiation injury through posttranscriptional regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression."
    Anant S., Murmu N., Houchen C.W., Mukhopadhyay D., Riehl T.E., Young S.G., Morrison A.R., Stenson W.F., Davidson N.O.
    Gastroenterology 127:1139-1149(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.4

    "Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain."
    Guo J.U., Su Y., Zhong C., Ming G.L., Song H.
    Cell 145:423-434(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION IN DNA DEMETHYLATION.
• negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay Source: MGI
• negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Effects of apo E deficiency on plasma lipid levels in mice lacking APOBEC-1."
    Osuga J., Yagyu H., Ohashi K., Harada K., Yazaki Y., Yamada N., Ishibashi S.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 236:375-378(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of DNA demethylation Source: ComplexPortal <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence<br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • Ref.4

    "Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain."
    Guo J.U., Su Y., Zhong C., Ming G.L., Song H.
    Cell 145:423-434(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION IN DNA DEMETHYLATION.
• positive regulation of mRNA modification Source: MGI
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Deletion of the AU-rich RNA binding protein Apobec-1 reduces intestinal tumor burden in Apc(min) mice."
    Blanc V., Henderson J.O., Newberry R.D., Xie Y., Cho S.J., Newberry E.P., Kennedy S., Rubin D.C., Wang H.L., Luo J., Davidson N.O.
    Cancer Res 67:8565-8573(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to calcium ion Source: MGI
• response to ethanol Source: MGI
• response to gamma radiation Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Apobec-1 protects intestine from radiation injury through posttranscriptional regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression."
    Anant S., Murmu N., Houchen C.W., Mukhopadhyay D., Riehl T.E., Young S.G., Morrison A.R., Stenson W.F., Davidson N.O.
    Gastroenterology 127:1139-1149(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to osmotic stress Source: MGI
• response to xenobiotic stimulus Source: MGI
• triglyceride metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Effects of apo E deficiency on plasma lipid levels in mice lacking APOBEC-1."
    Osuga J., Yagyu H., Ohashi K., Harada K., Yazaki Y., Yamada N., Ishibashi S.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 236:375-378(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• protein domain specific binding Source: MGI

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 4 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MSSETGPVAV DPTLRRRIEP HEFEVFFDPR ELRKETCLLY EINWGGRHSV 
        60         70         80         90        100
WRHTSQNTSN HVEVNFLEKF TTERYFRPNT RCSITWFLSW SPCGECSRAI 
       110        120        130        140        150
TEFLSRHPYV TLFIYIARLY HHTDQRNRQG LRDLISSGVT IQIMTEQEYC 
       160        170        180        190        200
YCWRNFVNYP PSNEAYWPRY PHLWVKLYVL ELYCIILGLP PCLKILRRKQ 
       210        220 
PQLTFFTITL QTCHYQRIPP HLLWATGLK                        

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families