UniProtKB - P51015 (HOA4_PARXL)
Protein
4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase 4
Gene
bphI
Organism
Paraburkholderia xenovorans (strain LB400)
Status
Functioni
Catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of both 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate (HOPA) and 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate (HOHA) to pyruvate and acetaldehyde or propanaldehyde, respectively. The aldehydes produced by this reaction are directly channeled from BphI to the dehydrogenase BphJ, ensuring that these toxic aldehydes are sequestered from cellular components. Is involved in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Appears to be stereospecific since it can cleave (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate but not the (4R) isomer. Also exhibits a secondary oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity. Finally, is also able to catalyze the reverse reaction, albeit much less efficiently, i.e. the condensation of aldehyde acceptors of two to three carbons in length with pyruvate. This aldol addition reaction is stereospecific; the condensation of acetaldehyde and pyruvate with BphI produces only the (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate isomer. Aldehyde channeling in the BphI-BphJ complex can occur in reverse, from the dehydrogenase to the aldolase active sites, and the BphJ reductive deacylation reaction increases 4-fold when BphI is catalyzing the aldol addition reaction. Therefore, the BphI-BphJ enzyme complex exhibits unique bidirectionality in substrate channeling and allosteric activation.2 Publications
Miscellaneous
The aldol addition reaction proceeds via a compulsory order mechanism, with pyruvate binding first.
Catalytic activityi
Cofactori
Mn2+1 Publication, Cd2+1 Publication, Co2+1 PublicationNote: Divalent metal cation. Has the highest activity with Mn2+ as cofactor. Can also use Cd2+ at low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM) or Co2+, although with less efficiency. Mg2+ and Ni2+ are very poor metal cofactors.1 Publication
Activity regulationi
Competitively inhibited by oxalate. Also inhibited by high concentrations of Cd2+ (1 mM) in vitro. Appears to be allosterically activated by aldehyde turnover occurring in BphJ, partly via NADH.
Kineticsi
The catalytic efficiency is similar when using 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate or 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate as substrate, but is 10-fold lower with 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanoate. It is also 25-fold higher when NADH is present than the value obtained without nucleotides. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency is similar when using acetaldehyde or propanaldehyde as substrate in the aldol addition reaction.
- KM=89 µM for (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate (in the presence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=0.22 mM for racemic 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate (in the presence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=1.12 mM for racemic 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate (in the absence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=0.18 mM for racemic 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate (in the presence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=0.35 mM for racemic 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanoate (in the presence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=64.28 mM for acetaldehyde (in the absence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=135.9 mM for propanaldehyde (in the absence of NADH at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
- KM=13.0 mM for pyruvate (at pH 8 and 25 degrees Celsius)3 Publications
pH dependencei
Activity increases from pH 6.5 to 9.1 Publication
: polychlorinated biphenyl degradation Pathwayi
This protein is involved in the pathway polychlorinated biphenyl degradation, which is part of Xenobiotic degradation.View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway polychlorinated biphenyl degradation and in Xenobiotic degradation.
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sitei | 16 | Transition state stabilizerUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 17 | ManganeseUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Active sitei | 20 | Proton acceptorUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Sitei | 87 | Important for aldehyde specificity, and governs stereochemical control | 1 | |
Sitei | 89 | Important for aldehyde specificity; governs substrate alkyl chain length | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 170 | SubstrateUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 199 | Manganese; via tele nitrogenUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 199 | SubstrateUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 201 | Manganese; via tele nitrogenUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Binding sitei | 290 | SubstrateUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Sitei | 290 | Governs stereochemical control | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase activity Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- manganese ion binding Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
GO - Biological processi
- aromatic compound catabolic process Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Allosteric enzyme, Lyase |
Biological process | Aromatic hydrocarbons catabolism |
Ligand | Cadmium, Cobalt, Manganese, Metal-binding |
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyci | BXEN266265:BXE_RS42265-MONOMER |
BRENDAi | 4.1.3.39, 9987 4.1.3.43, 7691 |
SABIO-RKi | P51015 |
UniPathwayi | UPA01002 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase 4UniRule annotation (EC:4.1.3.39UniRule annotation1 Publication)Short name: HOA 4UniRule annotation Alternative name(s): 4-hydroxy-2-keto-pentanoic acid aldolase 4UniRule annotation 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate aldolase (EC:4.1.3.431 Publication) 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate aldolase 4UniRule annotation |
Gene namesi | Name:bphI Ordered Locus Names:Bxeno_C1121 ORF Names:Bxe_C1187 |
Organismi | Paraburkholderia xenovorans (strain LB400) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 266265 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Betaproteobacteria › Burkholderiales › Burkholderiaceae › Paraburkholderia › |
Proteomesi |
|
Pathology & Biotechi
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 16 | R → A: Loss of aldol cleavage activity. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 16 | R → K: 4000-fold decrease in the catalytic efficiency of the aldol cleavage reaction. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 20 | H → A or S: 100-fold decrease in the catalytic efficiency of the aldol cleavage reaction. Dramatic reduction in acetaldehyde and propanaldehyde channeling efficiency by more than 70%. 2 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 87 | L → A: 32-fold reduction in the catalytic efficiency with acetaldehyde as substrate of the aldol addition reaction, but no change in the catalytic efficiency using propanaldehyde; thus, exhibits a 40-fold preference for propanaldehyde over acetaldehyde. 2 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 87 | L → N or W: Loss of aldolase activity (with either enantiomer of HOPA), but retains some decarboxylase activity for the smaller oxaloacetate substrate. In the retro-aldol cleavage reaction, is inactive toward 4(S)-HOPA but is active toward 4(R)-HOPA, albeit with a great reduction in catalytic efficiency, and in the aldol addition reaction, produces also exclusively the 4(R)-enantiomer; when associated with F-290. 2 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 89 | L → A: As the wild-type enzyme, exhibits similar catalytic efficiency with acetaldehyde or propanaldehyde as substrate in the aldol addition reaction but displays higher catalytic efficiency with longer aldehydes (50-fold increase using pentaldehyde). Shows a reduction in aldehyde channeling efficiency by 30%. 2 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 290 | Y → F: Loss of stereochemical control as the mutant is able to catalyze the aldol cleavage of substrates with both R and S configurations at C4 with similar kinetic parameters. 3.5-fold decrease in the catalytic efficiency of the aldol cleavage reaction. Reduction in aldehyde channeling efficiency by more than 30%. In the retro-aldol cleavage reaction, is inactive toward 4(S)-HOPA but is active toward 4(R)-HOPA, albeit with a great reduction in catalytic efficiency, and in the aldol addition reaction, produces also exclusively the 4(R)-enantiomer; when associated with N-87 or W-87. 3 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 290 | Y → S: Loss of stereochemical control as the mutant is able to catalyze the aldol cleavage of substrates with both R and S configurations at C4 with similar kinetic parameters. 3.5-fold decrease in the catalytic efficiency of the aldol cleavage reaction. 3 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 322 | G → A: Displays a reduction in aldehyde channeling efficiency of about 20%. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 322 | G → F or L: Unable to channel either acetaldehyde or propanaldehyde. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 323 | G → A: Able to channel butyraldehyde (with less efficiency than wild-type) but not its isomer isobutyraldehyde. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 323 | G → F: Unable to channel either acetaldehyde or propanaldehyde. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 323 | G → L: Able to channel acetaldehyde but not the larger propanaldehyde. 1 Publication | 1 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000064978 | 1 – 346 | 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase 4Add BLAST | 346 |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Heterotetramer composed of two BphI (aldolase) and two BphJ (dehydrogenase).
1 PublicationProtein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 266265.Bxe_C1187 |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 8 – 260 | Pyruvate carboxyltransferaseUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 253 |
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 16 – 17 | Substrate bindingUniRule annotation | 2 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | COG0119, Bacteria |
OMAi | YVGGQED |
OrthoDBi | 840579at2 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd07943, DRE_TIM_HOA, 1 hit |
Gene3Di | 3.20.20.70, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_01656, HOA, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR017629, 4OH_2_O-val_aldolase IPR013785, Aldolase_TIM IPR012425, DmpG_comm IPR035685, DRE_TIM_HOA IPR000891, PYR_CT |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF07836, DmpG_comm, 1 hit PF00682, HMGL-like, 1 hit |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR03217, 4OH_2_O_val_ald, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS50991, PYR_CT, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
P51015-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MKLEGKKVTV HDMTLRDGMH PKRHQMTLEQ MKSIACGLDA AGIPLIEVTH
60 70 80 90 100
GDGLGGSSVN YGFPAHSDEE YLGAVIPLMK QAKVSALLLP GIGTVEHLKM
110 120 130 140 150
AKDLGVNTIR VATHCTEADV SEQHITQSRK LGLDTVGFLM MAHMASPEKL
160 170 180 190 200
VSQALLMQGY GANCIYVTDS AGYMLPDDVK ARLSAVRAAL KPETELGFHG
210 220 230 240 250
HHNLAMGVAN SIAAIEAGAT RIDAAAAGLG AGAGNTPMEV FIAVCARMGI
260 270 280 290 300
ETGVDVFKIQ DVAEDLVVPI MDHVIRIDRD SLTLGYAGVY SSFLLFAKRA
310 320 330 340
SAKYGVPARD ILVELGRRGM VGGQEDMIED TAMTMARERG LTLTAA
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflicti | 263 | A → S in CAA54036 (PubMed:8026764).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 302 | A → E in CAA54036 (PubMed:8026764).Curated | 1 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X76500 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA54036.1 CP000272 Genomic DNA Translation: ABE37049.1 |
RefSeqi | WP_003450974.1, NZ_CP008761.1 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteriai | ABE37049; ABE37049; Bxe_C1187 |
KEGGi | bxb:DR64_8618 bxe:Bxe_C1187 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X76500 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA54036.1 CP000272 Genomic DNA Translation: ABE37049.1 |
RefSeqi | WP_003450974.1, NZ_CP008761.1 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | P51015 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 266265.Bxe_C1187 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteriai | ABE37049; ABE37049; Bxe_C1187 |
KEGGi | bxb:DR64_8618 bxe:Bxe_C1187 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | COG0119, Bacteria |
OMAi | YVGGQED |
OrthoDBi | 840579at2 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA01002 |
BioCyci | BXEN266265:BXE_RS42265-MONOMER |
BRENDAi | 4.1.3.39, 9987 4.1.3.43, 7691 |
SABIO-RKi | P51015 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd07943, DRE_TIM_HOA, 1 hit |
Gene3Di | 3.20.20.70, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_01656, HOA, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR017629, 4OH_2_O-val_aldolase IPR013785, Aldolase_TIM IPR012425, DmpG_comm IPR035685, DRE_TIM_HOA IPR000891, PYR_CT |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF07836, DmpG_comm, 1 hit PF00682, HMGL-like, 1 hit |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR03217, 4OH_2_O_val_ald, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS50991, PYR_CT, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | HOA4_PARXL | |
Accessioni | P51015Primary (citable) accession number: P51015 Secondary accession number(s): Q13FU0 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | October 1, 1996 |
Last sequence update: | September 19, 2006 | |
Last modified: | April 7, 2021 | |
This is version 112 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families