UniProtKB - P50442 (GATM_RAT)
Protein
Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial
Gene
Gatm
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Status
Functioni
Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development. Also capable of catalyzing the synthesis of a range of neuroactive guanidino compounds by utilizing alternative amidine donors and acceptors for the transamidination reaction.1 Publication
Catalytic activityi
- EC:2.1.4.12 Publications
Kineticsi
Two forms of the enzyme (denoted alpha and beta) with slightly different kinetic properties are present in cellular extracts. The molecular basis of the differences is unclear.
- KM=2.8 mM for arginine (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=2.4 mM for arginine (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=3.0 mM for glycine (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=3.1 mM for glycine (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=27.2 mM for 4-amino-butyrate (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=24.9 mM for 4-amino-butyrate (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=23.0 mM for lysine (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=23.5 mM for lysine (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=23.9 mM for 5-amino-valerate (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=23.5 mM for 5-amino-valerate (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=57.4 mM for 3-amino-propanoate (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=57.5 mM for 3-amino-propanoate (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=174 mM for ethanolamine (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=171 mM for ethanolamine (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=392 mM for taurine (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- KM=450 mM for taurine (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=0.39 µmol/min/mg enzyme with L-arginine and glycine as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=0.37 µmol/min/mg enzyme with L-arginine and glycine as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=39.8 µmol/h/mg enzyme with L-arginine and glycine as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=27.0 µmol/h/mg enzyme with L-arginine and glycine as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=16.8 µmol/h/mg enzyme with L-arginine and 4-amino-butyrate as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=11.8 µmol/h/mg enzyme with L-arginine and 4-amino-butyrate as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=12.0 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and lysine as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=10.1 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and lysine as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=13.9 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and 5-amino-valerate as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=9.7 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and 5-amino-valerate as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=10.8 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and 3-amino-proponoate as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=7.7 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and 3-amino-proponoate as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=12.4 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and ethanolamine as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=9.4 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and ethanolamine as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=2.8 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and taurine as substrates (alpha-transamidinase form)2 Publications
- Vmax=2.1 µmol/h/µg enzyme with L-arginine and taurine as substrates (beta-transamidinase form)2 Publications
: creatine biosynthesis Pathwayi
This protein is involved in step 1 of the subpathway that synthesizes creatine from L-arginine and glycine.Proteins known to be involved in the 2 steps of the subpathway in this organism are:
- Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial (Gatm)
- Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (Gamt), Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (Gamt)
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes creatine from L-arginine and glycine, the pathway creatine biosynthesis and in Amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active sitei | 254 | By similarity | 1 | |
Active sitei | 303 | By similarity | 1 | |
Active sitei | 407 | Amidino-cysteine intermediateBy similarity | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- amidinotransferase activity Source: RGD
- glycine amidinotransferase activity Source: UniProtKB
GO - Biological processi
- creatine biosynthetic process Source: GO_Central
- embryonic liver development Source: RGD
- positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Source: YuBioLab
- response to mercury ion Source: RGD
- response to nutrient Source: RGD
- response to organic substance Source: RGD
- response to oxidative stress Source: RGD
- response to peptide hormone Source: RGD
- tissue regeneration Source: RGD
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Transferase |
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyci | MetaCyc:MONOMER-7583 |
BRENDAi | 2.1.4.1 5301 |
Reactomei | R-RNO-71288 Creatine metabolism |
UniPathwayi | UPA00104;UER00579 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial (EC:2.1.4.12 Publications)Alternative name(s): L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase Transamidinase |
Gene namesi | Name:Gatm Synonyms:Agat |
Organismi | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10116 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
RGDi | 71090 Gatm |
Subcellular locationi
Mitochondrion
- Mitochondrion inner membrane By similarity
Mitochondrion
- mitochondrial inner membrane Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- mitochondrion Source: GO_Central
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Membrane, Mitochondrion, Mitochondrion inner membranePTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Transit peptidei | 1 – 37 | MitochondrionAdd BLAST | 37 | |
ChainiPRO_0000001208 | 38 – 423 | Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrialAdd BLAST | 386 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 46 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 49 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 385 | N6-acetyllysineBy similarity | 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
Acetylation, PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
jPOSTi | P50442 |
PaxDbi | P50442 |
PRIDEi | P50442 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P50442 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P50442 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Highly expressed in the kidney and pancreas, especially in the proximal tubules of the kidney, and alpha cells of the pancreatic islets (at protein level). Moderately expressed in liver hepatocytes (at protein level). Expressed in the kidney, pancreas, liver, colon, ileum, jejunum, heart and skeletal muscle. In reproductive tissues, expressed in the testis, epididymis, ovary, oviduct and uterus. Expressed throughout the brain in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In E12.5 embryos, it is expressed in the middle part of the somites, hepatic primordium and wall of the dorsal aorta. Expressed in E15.5 embryos in isolated cells throughout the central nervous system, skeletal muscles, gonad primordia, caudal somites, liver and pancreas, but not in the choroid plexus, root ganglia or kidney. Expressed in skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, central nervous system, liver and intestine epithelial cells, but not in epidermis, dermis, olfactory epithelium, trachea, lung, stomach or heart in E18.5 embryos.5 Publications
Developmental stagei
Expressed throughout embryogenesis. Expression in the colon and small intestine is highest in newborns and declines with age. Expression in the kidney increases with age.2 Publications
Inductioni
Expression is induced by growth hormone and repressed by dietary intake of creatine.3 Publications
Gene expression databases
Genevisiblei | P50442 RN |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Homodimer.
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000000181 |
Chemistry databases
BindingDBi | P50442 |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the amidinotransferase family.Curated
Keywords - Domaini
Transit peptidePhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG410IFBR Eukaryota ENOG410Y45M LUCA |
InParanoidi | P50442 |
KOi | K00613 |
OrthoDBi | 636718at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | P50442 |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR033195 AmidinoTrfase |
PANTHERi | PTHR10488 PTHR10488, 1 hit |
(1+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
P50442-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MLRVRCLRGG SRGAEAVHYI GSRLGGSLTG WVQRTFQSTQ AATASSQNSC
60 70 80 90 100
AAEDKATHPL PKDCPVSSYN EWDPLEEVIV GRAENACVPP FTVEVKANTY
110 120 130 140 150
EKYWPFYQKN GGLYFPKDHL KKAVAEVEEM CNILSMEGVT VKRPDPIDWS
160 170 180 190 200
LKYKTPDFES TGLYSAMPRD ILMVVGNEII EAPMAWRSRF FEYRAYRSII
210 220 230 240 250
KDYFHRGAKW TTAPKPTMAD ELYDQDYPIH SVEDRHKLAA QGKFVTTEFE
260 270 280 290 300
PCFDAADFIR AGRDIFAQRS QVTNYLGIEW MRRHLAPDYR VHIISFKDPN
310 320 330 340 350
PMHIDATFNI IGPGLVLSNP DRPCHQIDLF KKAGWTIVTP PTPVIPDDHP
360 370 380 390 400
LWMSSKWLSM NVLMLDEKRV MVDANEVPIQ KMFEKLGIST IKVNIRNANS
410 420
LGGGFHCWTC DVRRRGTLQS YFD
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There is 1 potential isoform mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketA0A140TA89 | A0A140TA89_RAT | Glycine amidinotransferase, mitocho... | Gatm | 462 | Annotation score: |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | U07971 mRNA Translation: AAA21250.1 BC081785 mRNA Translation: AAH81785.1 AY625271 mRNA Translation: AAT39897.1 |
PIRi | A54140 |
RefSeqi | NP_112293.1, NM_031031.2 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 81660 |
KEGGi | rno:81660 |
UCSCi | RGD:71090 rat |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | U07971 mRNA Translation: AAA21250.1 BC081785 mRNA Translation: AAH81785.1 AY625271 mRNA Translation: AAT39897.1 |
PIRi | A54140 |
RefSeqi | NP_112293.1, NM_031031.2 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | P50442 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000000181 |
Chemistry databases
BindingDBi | P50442 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P50442 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P50442 |
Proteomic databases
jPOSTi | P50442 |
PaxDbi | P50442 |
PRIDEi | P50442 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 81660 |
KEGGi | rno:81660 |
UCSCi | RGD:71090 rat |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 2628 |
RGDi | 71090 Gatm |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG410IFBR Eukaryota ENOG410Y45M LUCA |
InParanoidi | P50442 |
KOi | K00613 |
OrthoDBi | 636718at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | P50442 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA00104;UER00579 |
BioCyci | MetaCyc:MONOMER-7583 |
BRENDAi | 2.1.4.1 5301 |
Reactomei | R-RNO-71288 Creatine metabolism |
Miscellaneous databases
PROi | PR:P50442 |
Gene expression databases
Genevisiblei | P50442 RN |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR033195 AmidinoTrfase |
PANTHERi | PTHR10488 PTHR10488, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | GATM_RAT | |
Accessioni | P50442Primary (citable) accession number: P50442 Secondary accession number(s): Q6ITZ7 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | October 1, 1996 |
Last sequence update: | October 1, 1996 | |
Last modified: | September 18, 2019 | |
This is version 136 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteomeDocuments
- SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families - PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways