Cytosolic phospholipase A2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  + H₂O

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  = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  + a fatty acid

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  + H⁺

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  EC:3.1.1.4
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  Source: Rhea

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  a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  +

  H₂O

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  =

  a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  a fatty acid

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  H⁺

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• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  + H₂O

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  = a fatty acid

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  + H⁺

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  + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

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  EC:3.1.1.5
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  Source: Rhea

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  a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

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  H₂O

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  =

  a fatty acid

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  H⁺

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  +

  sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

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<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes regulatory mechanisms for enzymes, transporters or microbial transcription factors, and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction.<p><a href='/help/activity_regulation' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Activity regulationⁱ

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Characterization of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in rat mastocytoma RBL-2H3."
    Nakatani Y., Hara S., Murakami M., Kudo I., Inoue K.
    Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17:47-50(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• calcium-dependent phospholipid binding Source: UniProtKB
• calcium ion binding Source: UniProtKB
• histone acetyltransferase binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "PLIP, a novel splice variant of Tip60, interacts with group IV cytosolic phospholipase A(2), induces apoptosis, and potentiates prostaglandin production."
    Sheridan A.M., Force T., Yoon H.J., O'Leary E., Choukroun G., Taheri M.R., Bonventre J.V.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:4470-4481(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lysophospholipase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC
• phospholipase A2 activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) Source: UniProtKB-EC
• phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) Source: UniProtKB-EC

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aging Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "PTH and phospholipase A2 in the aging process of intestinal cells."
    Gentili C., Morelli S., de Boland A.R.
    J. Cell. Biochem. 93:312-326(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• arachidonic acid metabolic process Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Intracellular actions of group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 and group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 contribute to arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production in rat gastric mucosal cells and transfected human embryonic kidney cells."
    Ni Z., Okeley N.M., Smart B.P., Gelb M.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:16245-16255(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• decidualization Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cytosolic phospholipase A2 in rat decidual cells: evidence for its role in decidualization."
    Kurusu S., Endo M., Madarame H., Kawaminami M., Hashimoto I.
    FEBS Lett. 444:235-238(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glycerophospholipid catabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• luteolysis Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Sustained activity of luteal cytosolic phospholipase A2 during luteolysis in pseudopregnant rats: its possible implication in tissue involution."
    Kurusu S., Sakaguchi S., Kawaminami M., Hashimoto I.
    Endocrine 14:337-342(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ovulation from ovarian follicle Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in the ovulatory process in gonadotropin-primed immature rats."
    Kurusu S., Iwao M., Kawaminami M., Hashimoto I.
    Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 58:405-411(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cytosolic phospholipase A2 mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by soluble oligomers of the amyloid-beta peptide."
    Kriem B., Sponne I., Fifre A., Malaplate-Armand C., Lozac'h-Pillot K., Koziel V., Yen-Potin F.T., Bihain B., Oster T., Olivier J.L., Pillot T.
    FASEB J. 19:85-87(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of bone mineralization Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Augmented prostaglandin E2 generation resulting from increased activities of cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A2 and induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in interleukin-1 beta-stimulated rat calvarial cells during the mineralizing phase."
    Higashi S., Ohishi H., Kudo I.
    Inflamm. Res. 49:102-111(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A novel pathway of cell growth regulation mediated by a PLA2alpha-derived phosphoinositide metabolite."
    Mariggio S., Sebastia J., Filippi B.M., Iurisci C., Volonte C., Amadio S., De Falco V., Santoro M., Corda D.
    FASEB J. 20:2567-2569(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fever generation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Cellular and molecular bases of the initiation of fever."
    Steiner A.A., Ivanov A.I., Serrats J., Hosokawa H., Phayre A.N., Robbins J.R., Roberts J.L., Kobayashi S., Matsumura K., Sawchenko P.E., Romanovsky A.A.
    PLoS Biol. 4:e284-e284(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Discovery of Ecopladib, an indole inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha."
    Lee K.L., Foley M.A., Chen L., Behnke M.L., Lovering F.E., Kirincich S.J., Wang W., Shim J., Tam S., Shen M.W., Khor S., Xu X., Goodwin D.G., Ramarao M.K., Nickerson-Nutter C., Donahue F., Ku M.S., Clark J.D., McKew J.C.
    J. Med. Chem. 50:1380-1400(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Systemic and intrathecal effects of a novel series of phospholipase A2 inhibitors on hyperalgesia and spinal prostaglandin E2 release."
    Yaksh T.L., Kokotos G., Svensson C.I., Stephens D., Kokotos C.G., Fitzsimmons B., Hadjipavlou-Litina D., Hua X.Y., Dennis E.A.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 316:466-475(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vesicle fusion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cytosolic PLA2 in zymogen granule fusion and amylase release: inhibition of GTP-induced fusion by arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone points to cPLA2 in G-protein-mediated secretory vesicle fusion."
    Sattar A.A., Haque R.
    J. Biochem. 141:77-84(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to calcium ion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Stimulation of arachidonic acid release by vasopressin in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by Ca2+-stimulated phospholipase A2."
    Liu Y., Taylor C.W.
    FEBS Lett. 580:4114-4120(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to glucocorticoid Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Inhibition of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 expression by glucocorticoids in rat intestinal epithelial cells."
    Dolan-O'keefe M., Nick H.S.
    Gastroenterology 116:855-864(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to heat Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Involvement of p38 MAP kinase in burn-induced degradation of membrane phospholipids and upregulation of cPLA2 in cardiac myocytes."
    Zhang J.P., Liang W.Y., Luo Z.H., Yang Z.C., Chan H.C., Huang Y.S.
    Shock 28:86-93(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hormone Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "PTH and phospholipase A2 in the aging process of intestinal cells."
    Gentili C., Morelli S., de Boland A.R.
    J. Cell. Biochem. 93:312-326(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hydrogen peroxide Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Differential effects of oxidative stress on hepatic endothelial and Kupffer cell eicosanoid release in response to endothelin-1."
    Karaa A., Kamoun W.S., Xu H., Zhang J., Clemens M.G.
    Microcirculation 13:457-466(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Leptin modulates the detrimental effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation on salivary mucin synthesis via ERK-signal transduction."
    Slomiany B.L., Slomiany A.
    Inflammopharmacology 14:250-255(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lithium ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 is a target for chronic lithium in rat brain."
    Rintala J., Seemann R., Chandrasekaran K., Rosenberger T.A., Chang L., Contreras M.A., Contreras M.A., Rapoport S.I., Chang M.C.
    Neuroreport 10:3887-3890(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to methylmercury Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Methylmercury stimulates arachidonic acid release and cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression in primary neuronal cultures."
    Shanker G., Hampson R.E., Aschner M.
    Neurotoxicology 25:399-406(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organic substance Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "M1 muscarinic receptors inhibit L-type Ca2+ current and M-current by divergent signal transduction cascades."
    Liu L., Zhao R., Bai Y., Stanish L.F., Evans J.E., Sanderson M.J., Bonventre J.V., Rittenhouse A.R.
    J. Neurosci. 26:11588-11598(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organonitrogen compound Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Up-regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha expression by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate in PC12 cells; involvement of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide."
    Akiyama N., Nabemoto M., Hatori Y., Nakamura H., Hirabayashi T., Fujino H., Saito T., Murayama T.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 215:218-227(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to vitamin D Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling in rat intestinal cells: activation of cytosolic PLA2."
    Gentili C., Morelli S., de Boland A.R.
    J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 89-90:297-301(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• surfactant homeostasis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Regulation of lung surfactant secretion by phospholipase A2."
    Liu L.
    J. Cell. Biochem. 72:103-110(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• histone acetyltransferase binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "PLIP, a novel splice variant of Tip60, interacts with group IV cytosolic phospholipase A(2), induces apoptosis, and potentiates prostaglandin production."
    Sheridan A.M., Force T., Yoon H.J., O'Leary E., Choukroun G., Taheri M.R., Bonventre J.V.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:4470-4481(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MSFIDPYQHI IVEHQYSHKF TVVVLRATKV TKGTFGDMLD TPDPYVELFI 
        60         70         80         90        100
STTPDSRKRT RHFNNDINPV WNETFEFILD PNQENVLEIT LMDANYVMDE 
       110        120        130        140        150
TLGTATFPVS SMKVGEKKEV PFIFNQVTEM ILEMSLEVCS CPDLRFSMAL 
       160        170        180        190        200
CDQEKTFRRQ RKENIKENMK KLLGPKKSEG LYSTRDVPVV AILGSGGGFR 
       210        220        230        240        250
AMVGFSGVMK ALYESGILDC ATYVAGLSGS TWYMSTLYSH PDFPEKGPEE 
       260        270        280        290        300
INEELMKNVS HNPLLLLTPQ KVKRYVESLW KKKSSGQPVT FTDIFGMLIG 
       310        320        330        340        350
ETLIQNRMST TLSSLKEKVS AARCPLPLFT CLHVKPDVSE LMFADWVEFS 
       360        370        380        390        400
PYEIGMAKYG TFMTPDLFGS KFFMGTVVKK YEENPLHFLM GVWGSAFSIL 
       410        420        430        440        450
FNRVLGVSGS QNKGSTMEEE LENITAKHIV SNDSSDSDDE AQGPKGTENE 
       460        470        480        490        500
DAEREYQNDN QASWVHRMLM ALVSDSALFN TREGRAGKEH NFMLGLNLNT 
       510        520        530        540        550
SYPLSPLRDF SPQDSFDDDE LDAAVADPDE FERIYEPLDV KSKKIHVVDS 
       560        570        580        590        600
GLTFNLPYPL ILRPQRGVDL IISFDFSARP SDTSPPFKEL LLAEKWAKMN 
       610        620        630        640        650
KLPFPKIDPY VFDREGLKEC YVFKPKNPDV EKDCPTIIHF VLANINFRKY 
       660        670        680        690        700
KAPGVLRETK EEKEIADFDI FDDPESPFST FNFQYPNQAF KRLHDLMYFN 
       710        720        730        740        750
TLNNIDVIKD AIVESIEYRR QNPSRCSVSL SNVEARKFFN KEFLSKPTAE 

SI                                                     

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ