Matrix metalloproteinase-9

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

• Cleavage of gelatin types I and V and collagen types IV and V. EC:3.4.24.35

<p>This subsection of the 'Function' section provides information relevant to cofactors. A cofactor is any non-protein substance required for a protein to be catalytically active. Some cofactors are inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in various oxidation states. Others, such as most vitamins, are organic.<p><a href='/help/cofactor' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cofactorⁱ

• Zn²⁺
  • Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule.
  • Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule.
  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.
  By similarityNote: Binds 2 Zn²⁺ ions per subunit.By similarity
• Ca²⁺
  • Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule.
  • Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule.
  • See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.
  By similarityNote: Binds 3 Ca²⁺ ions per subunit.By similarity

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• endopeptidase activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Increased alpha-synuclein aggregation following limited cleavage by certain matrix metalloproteinases."
    Levin J., Giese A., Boetzel K., Israel L., Hogen T., Nubling G., Kretzschmar H., Lorenzl S.
    Exp. Neurol. 215:201-208(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fibronectin binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -13 are involved in fibronectin degradation of rat lung granulomatous fibrosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis."
    Hsu C.C., Lai S.C.
    Int J Exp Pathol 88:437-443(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Insights into the structure and domain flexibility of full-length pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9/gelatinase B."
    Rosenblum G., Van den Steen P.E., Cohen S.R., Grossmann J.G., Frenkel J., Sertchook R., Slack N., Strange R.W., Opdenakker G., Sagi I.
    Structure 15:1227-1236(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Human neutrophils uniquely release TIMP-free MMP-9 to provide a potent catalytic stimulator of angiogenesis."
    Ardi V.C., Kupriyanova T.A., Deryugina E.I., Quigley J.P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:20262-20267(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "In vitro reconstitution of complexes between pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the proteoglycans serglycin and versican."
    Malla N., Berg E., Theocharis A.D., Svineng G., Uhlin-Hansen L., Winberg J.O.
    FEBS J. 280:2870-2887(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• metalloendopeptidase activity Source: UniProtKB
• metallopeptidase activity Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Matrix metalloproteinase-9 undergoes expression and activation during dendritic remodeling in adult hippocampus."
    Szklarczyk A., Lapinska J., Rylski M., McKay R.D., Kaczmarek L.
    J. Neurosci. 22:920-930(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptidase activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of collagen degradation in the rat myocardium after infarction."
    Cleutjens J.P., Kandala J.C., Guarda E., Guntaka R.V., Weber K.T.
    J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 27:1281-1292(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein-containing complex binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Identification of a calcium-dependent matrix metalloproteinase complex in rat chorioallantoid membranes during labour."
    Meraz-Cruz N., Ortega A., Estrada-Gutierrez G., Flores A., Espejel A., Hernandez-Guerrero C., Vadillo-Ortega F.
    Mol. Hum. Reprod. 12:633-641(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Changes in matrix metalloproteinases during the evolution of interstitial renal fibrosis in a rat experimental model."
    Gonzalez-Avila G., Iturria C., Vadillo-Ortega F., Ovalle C., Montano M.
    Pathobiology 66:196-204(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• serine-type endopeptidase activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Ligand binding and calcium influx induce distinct ectodomain/gamma-secretase-processing pathways of EphB2 receptor."
    Litterst C., Georgakopoulos A., Shioi J., Ghersi E., Wisniewski T., Wang R., Ludwig A., Robakis N.K.
    J. Biol. Chem. 282:16155-16163(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• zinc ion binding Source: InterPro

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aging Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Aging is associated with increased activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in tenocytes."
    Yu T.Y., Pang J.H., Wu K.P., Chen M.J., Chen C.H., Tsai W.C.
    BMC Musculoskelet Disord 14:2-2(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to cadmium ion Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cadmium induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via ROS-dependent EGFR, NF-кB, and AP-1 pathways in human endothelial cells."
    Lian S., Xia Y., Khoi P.N., Ung T.T., Yoon H.J., Kim N.H., Kim K.K., Jung Y.D.
    Toxicology 338:104-116(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in hepatic stellate cells by three-dimensional type I collagen: its activation and signaling pathway."
    Takahara T., Zhang L.P., Yata Y., Xue F., Minemura M., Sato H., Watanabe A.
    Hepatol. Res. 26:318-326(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to cytokine stimulus Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "The study of ISO induced heart failure rat model."
    Feng W., Li W.
    Exp. Mol. Pathol. 88:299-304(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to interleukin-1 Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with ets-1 proto-oncogene in rat tubulointerstitial cells."
    Naito T., Tanihata Y., Nishimura H., Tanaka T., Higuchi C., Taguchi T., Sanaka T.
    Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 20:2333-2348(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Angiotensin II enhances interleukin-1 beta-induced MMP-9 secretion in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts."
    Okada M., Yamawaki H., Hara Y.
    J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72:735-739(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to iron(III) ion Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Increased cellular iron levels affect matrix metalloproteinase expression and phagocytosis in activated microglia."
    Mairuae N., Connor J.R., Cheepsunthorn P.
    Neurosci. Lett. 500:36-40(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Increased cellular iron levels affect matrix metalloproteinase expression and phagocytosis in activated microglia."
    Mairuae N., Connor J.R., Cheepsunthorn P.
    Neurosci. Lett. 500:36-40(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via PKC-delta/p42/p44 MAPK/Elk-1 cascade in brain astrocytes."
    Wang H.H., Hsieh H.L., Wu C.Y., Yang C.M.
    Neurotox Res 17:50-65(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to reactive oxygen species Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cadmium induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via ROS-dependent EGFR, NF-кB, and AP-1 pathways in human endothelial cells."
    Lian S., Xia Y., Khoi P.N., Ung T.T., Yoon H.J., Kim N.H., Kim K.K., Jung Y.D.
    Toxicology 338:104-116(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "The involvement of oxidants and NF-kappaB in cytokine-induced MMP-9 synthesis by bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells."
    Ben-David D., Livne E., Reznick A.Z.
    Inflamm. Res. 61:673-688(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• collagen catabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The involvement of oxidants and NF-kappaB in cytokine-induced MMP-9 synthesis by bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells."
    Ben-David D., Livne E., Reznick A.Z.
    Inflamm. Res. 61:673-688(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryo implantation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "MicroRNA expression and regulation in mouse uterus during embryo implantation."
    Hu S.J., Ren G., Liu J.L., Zhao Z.A., Yu Y.S., Su R.W., Ma X.H., Ni H., Lei W., Yang Z.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:23473-23484(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• endodermal cell differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Regulation of endodermal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells through integrin-ECM interactions."
    Brafman D.A., Phung C., Kumar N., Willert K.
    Cell Death Differ. 20:369-381(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extracellular matrix organization Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Galectin-3 is a downstream regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 function during endochondral bone formation."
    Ortega N., Behonick D.J., Colnot C., Cooper D.N., Werb Z.
    Mol. Biol. Cell 16:3028-3039(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heart development Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Embryogenesis of the rat heart: the expression of collagenases."
    Ratajska A., Cleutjens J.P.
    Basic Res. Cardiol. 97:189-197(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kidney development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMP in nephrogenesis."
    Tanney D.C., Feng L., Pollock A.S., Lovett D.H.
    Dev. Dyn. 213:121-129(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cation channel activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit glycosylation regulates matrix metalloproteinase-dependent changes in channel gating."
    Meighan S.E., Meighan P.C., Rich E.D., Brown R.L., Varnum M.D.
    Biochemistry 52:8352-8362(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "miRNA let-7e targeting MMP9 is involved in adipose-derived stem cell differentiation toward epithelia."
    Ventayol M., Vinas J.L., Sola A., Jung M., Brune B., Pi F., Mastora C., Hotter G.
    Cell Death Dis 5:e1048-e1048(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "[Effects of matrix metallopeptidase 9 on the proliferation, apoptosis, type I and III procollagen synthesis of rat dermal fibroblasts]."
    Lin D.Z., Yang C., Chen L.H., Ren M., Zhu P., Xue S.N., Yan L.
    Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 92:564-567(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ossification Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor during epiphyseal ossification."
    Alvarez J., Costales L., Serra R., Balbin M., Lopez J.M.
    J. Bone Miner. Res. 20:1011-1021(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• parturition Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "92-kDa gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase-9) is induced in rat amnion immediately prior to parturition."
    Lei H., Vadillo-Ortega F., Paavola L.G., Strauss J.F.
    Biol. Reprod. 53:339-344(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cross-talk between vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases in the induction of neovascularization in vivo."
    Ebrahem Q., Chaurasia S.S., Vasanji A., Qi J.H., Klenotic P.A., Cutler A., Asosingh K., Erzurum S., Anand-Apte B.
    Am. J. Pathol. 176:496-503(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Galectin-3 is a downstream regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 function during endochondral bone formation."
    Ortega N., Behonick D.J., Colnot C., Cooper D.N., Werb Z.
    Mol. Biol. Cell 16:3028-3039(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell migration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "miR-204-5p acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting matrix metalloproteinases-9 and B-cell lymphoma-2 in malignant melanoma."
    Luan W., Qian Y., Ni X., Bu X., Xia Y., Wang J., Ruan H., Ma S., Xu B.
    Onco Targets Ther 10:1237-1246(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of DNA binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of keratinocyte migration Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Role of ADAM-9 disintegrin-cysteine-rich domains in human keratinocyte migration."
    Zigrino P., Steiger J., Fox J.W., Loffek S., Schild A., Nischt R., Mauch C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 282:30785-30793(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of leukocyte migration Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 prevents neutrophilic inflammation in ventilator-induced lung injury."
    Kim J.H., Suk M.H., Yoon D.W., Lee S.H., Hur G.Y., Jung K.H., Jeong H.C., Lee S.Y., Lee S.Y., Suh I.B., Shin C., Shim J.J., In K.H., Yoo S.H., Kang K.H.
    Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 291:L580-7(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit glycosylation regulates matrix metalloproteinase-dependent changes in channel gating."
    Meighan S.E., Meighan P.C., Rich E.D., Brown R.L., Varnum M.D.
    Biochemistry 52:8352-8362(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Apoptosis induced by knockdown of uPAR and MMP-9 is mediated by inactivation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling in medulloblastoma."
    Kotipatruni R.R., Nalla A.K., Asuthkar S., Gondi C.S., Dinh D.H., Rao J.S.
    PLoS ONE 7:e44798-e44798(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of synaptic plasticity Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "In vivo roles for matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mature hippocampal synaptic physiology and plasticity."
    Bozdagi O., Nagy V., Kwei K.T., Huntley G.W.
    J. Neurophysiol. 98:334-344(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "SM22alpha-targeted deletion of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in mice impairs cardiac and vascular development, and influences organogenesis."
    El-Bizri N., Guignabert C., Wang L., Cheng A., Stankunas K., Chang C.P., Mishina Y., Rabinovitch M.
    Development 135:2981-2991(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proteolysis Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 via neuronal nitric oxide synthase contributes to NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell death."
    Manabe S., Gu Z., Lipton S.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46:4747-4753(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to amyloid-beta Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Key Aging-Associated Alterations in Primary Microglia Response to Beta-Amyloid Stimulation."
    Caldeira C., Cunha C., Vaz A.R., Falcao A.S., Barateiro A., Seixas E., Fernandes A., Brites D.
    Front Aging Neurosci 9:277-277(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to drug Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Delayed minocycline inhibits ischemia-activated matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 after experimental stroke."
    Machado L.S., Kozak A., Ergul A., Hess D.C., Borlongan C.V., Fagan S.C.
    BMC Neurosci 7:56-56(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to estradiol Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory mediators, and endometrial matrix remodeling by 17beta-estradiol in the immature rat uterus."
    Russo L.A., Peano B.J., Trivedi S.P., Cavalcanto T.D., Olenchock B.A., Caruso J.A., Smolock A.R., Vishnevsky O., Gardner R.M.
    Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 7:124-124(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to ethanol Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Novel role of famotidine in downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 during protection of ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer."
    Pradeepkumar Singh L., Kundu P., Ganguly K., Mishra A., Swarnakar S.
    Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43:289-299(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Long-term alcohol consumption increases pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels via oxidative stress."
    Koken T., Gursoy F., Kahraman A.
    J Med Toxicol 6:126-130(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to heat Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Peripheral thermal injury causes blood-brain barrier dysfunction and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in rat."
    Swann K., Berger J., Sprague S.M., Wu Y., Lai Q., Jimenez D.F., Barone C.M., Ding Y.
    Brain Res. 1129:26-33(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to high light intensity Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Visible light induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in rat eye."
    Papp A.M., Nyilas R., Szepesi Z., Lorincz M.L., Takacs E., Abraham I., Szilagyi N., Toth J., Medveczky P., Szilagyi L., Juhasz G., Juhasz G.
    J. Neurochem. 103:2224-2233(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hyperoxia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Retinoic acid diminished the expression of lung tissue matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in hyperoxia-exposed premature rats through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases]."
    Li W.B., Chang L.W., Rong Z.H., Liu H.C., Zhang Q.S., Chen H.B., Zhu H.P., Lu H.Y., Wang H.
    Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 46:347-353(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hypoxia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effect of hypoxia on gene expression of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mononuclear cells."
    Ohnishi S., Yasuda T., Kitamura S., Nagaya N.
    Stem Cells 25:1166-1177(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat primary astrocytes."
    Shin C.Y., Lee W.J., Choi J.W., Choi M.S., Ryu J.R., Oh S.J., Cheong J.H., Choi E.Y., Ko K.H.
    Nitric Oxide 16:425-432(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to mechanical stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Key role of the NO-pathway and matrix metalloprotease-9 in high blood flow-induced remodeling of rat resistance arteries."
    Dumont O., Loufrani L., Henrion D.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 27:317-324(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to nicotine Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Evidence for the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in the cardiovascular effects produced by nicotine."
    Jacob-Ferreira A.L., Palei A.C., Cau S.B., Moreno H. Jr., Martinez M.L., Izidoro-Toledo T.C., Gerlach R.F., Tanus-Santos J.E.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 627:216-222(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to nutrient Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Effect of curcumin on activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 and nuclear expression of RelA in rat hepatic stellate cells by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signal]."
    Cheng Y., Ping J., Liu C.
    Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 27:439-443(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organic cyclic compound Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Ascofuranone suppresses PMA-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene activation through the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK- and Ap1-dependent mechanisms."
    Cho H.J., Kang J.H., Kwak J.Y., Lee T.S., Lee I.S., Park N.G., Nakajima H., Magae J., Chang Y.C.
    Carcinogenesis 28:1104-1110(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to organic substance Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Novel role of famotidine in downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 during protection of ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer."
    Pradeepkumar Singh L., Kundu P., Ganguly K., Mishra A., Swarnakar S.
    Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43:289-299(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to oxidative stress Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Matrix metalloproteinases are down-regulated in rat lenses exposed to oxidative stress."
    John M., Jaworski C., Chen Z., Subramanian S., Ma W., Sun F., Li D., Spector A., Carper D.
    Exp. Eye Res. 79:839-846(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to radiation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effects of two conventional preoperative radiation schedules on anastomotic healing in the rat colon."
    Bedirli A., Kerem M., Karahacioglu E., Ofluoglu E., Yilmaz T.U., Pasaoglu H., Tater O.P., Sakrak O., Pak Y.
    Eur Surg Res 39:141-147(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Low-energy laser irradiation facilitates the velocity of tooth movement and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in rats."
    Yamaguchi M., Hayashi M., Fujita S., Yoshida T., Utsunomiya T., Yamamoto H., Kasai K.
    Eur J Orthod 32:131-139(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to retinoic acid Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Retinoic acid diminished the expression of lung tissue matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in hyperoxia-exposed premature rats through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases]."
    Li W.B., Chang L.W., Rong Z.H., Liu H.C., Zhang Q.S., Chen H.B., Zhu H.P., Lu H.Y., Wang H.
    Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 46:347-353(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to tumor necrosis factor Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Cyclooxygenase inhibition limits blood-brain barrier disruption following intracerebral injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rat."
    Candelario-Jalil E., Taheri S., Yang Y., Sood R., Grossetete M., Estrada E.Y., Fiebich B.L., Rosenberg G.A.
    J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 323:488-498(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to vitamin A Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Retinoids induce MMP-9 expression through RARalpha during mammary gland remodeling."
    Zaragoza R., Gimeno A., Miralles V.J., Garcia-Trevijano E.R., Carmena R., Garcia C., Mata M., Puertes I.R., Torres L., Vina J.R.
    Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292:E1140-8(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• skeletal system development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Galectin-3 is a downstream regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 function during endochondral bone formation."
    Ortega N., Behonick D.J., Colnot C., Cooper D.N., Werb Z.
    Mol. Biol. Cell 16:3028-3039(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• tissue remodeling Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Coordinated elevation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in rat uterus during postpartum involution."
    Manase K., Endo T., Chida M., Nagasawa K., Honnma H., Yamazaki K., Kitajima Y., Goto T., Kanaya M., Hayashi T., Mitaka T., Saito T.
    Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 4:32-32(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transformation of host cell by virus Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "[Expression of gelatinases A and B and their endogenous regulators in immortal and transformed fibroblasts]."
    Solov'eva N.I., Vinokurova S.V., Ryzhakova O.S., Gureeva T.A., Tsvetkova I.V.
    Biomed Khim 55:441-450(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• fibronectin binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -13 are involved in fibronectin degradation of rat lung granulomatous fibrosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis."
    Hsu C.C., Lai S.C.
    Int J Exp Pathol 88:437-443(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Insights into the structure and domain flexibility of full-length pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9/gelatinase B."
    Rosenblum G., Van den Steen P.E., Cohen S.R., Grossmann J.G., Frenkel J., Sertchook R., Slack N., Strange R.W., Opdenakker G., Sagi I.
    Structure 15:1227-1236(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Human neutrophils uniquely release TIMP-free MMP-9 to provide a potent catalytic stimulator of angiogenesis."
    Ardi V.C., Kupriyanova T.A., Deryugina E.I., Quigley J.P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:20262-20267(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "In vitro reconstitution of complexes between pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the proteoglycans serglycin and versican."
    Malla N., Berg E., Theocharis A.D., Svineng G., Uhlin-Hansen L., Winberg J.O.
    FEBS J. 280:2870-2887(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Motif

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MSPWQPLLLV LLALGYSFAA PHQRQPTYVV FPRDLKTSNL TDTQLAEDYL 
        60         70         80         90        100
YRYGYTRAAQ MMGEKQSLRP ALLMLQKQLS LPQTGELDSE TLKAIRSPRC 
       110        120        130        140        150
GVPDVGKFQT FDGDLKWHHH NITYWIQSYT EDLPRDVIDD SFARAFAVWS 
       160        170        180        190        200
AVTPLTFTRV YGLEADIVIQ FGVAEHGDGY PFDGKDGLLA HAFPPGPGIQ 
       210        220        230        240        250
GDAHFDDDEL WSLGKGAVVP TYFGNANGAP CHFPFTFEGR SYLSCTTDGR 
       260        270        280        290        300
NDGKPWCGTT ADYDTDRKYG FCPSENLYTE HGNGDGKPCV FPFIFEGHSY 
       310        320        330        340        350
SACTTKGRSD GYRWCATTAN YDQDKADGFC PTRADVTVTG GNSAGEMCVF 
       360        370        380        390        400
PFVFLGKQYS TCTSEGRSDG RLWCATTSNF DADKKWGFCP DQGYSLFLVA 
       410        420        430        440        450
AHEFGHALGL DHSSVPEALM YPMYHYHEDS PLHEDDIKGI HHLYGRGSKP 
       460        470        480        490        500
DPRPPATTAA EPQPTAPPTM CSTAPPMAYP TGGPTVAPTG APSPGPTGPP 
       510        520        530        540        550
TAGPSEAPTE SSTPDDNPCN VDVFDAIADI QGALHFFKDG RYWKFSNHGG 
       560        570        580        590        600
NQLQGPFLIA RTWPAFPSKL NSAFEDPQPK KIFFFLWAQM WVYTGQSVLG 
       610        620        630        640        650
PRSLDKLGLG SEVTLVTGLL PRRGGKALLI SRERIWKFDL KSQKVDPQSV 
       660        670        680        690        700
TRLDNEFSGV PWNSHNVFQY QDKAYFCHDK YFWRVSFHNR VNQVDHVAYV 

TYDLLQCP                                               

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. Peptidase families
   Classification of peptidase families and list of entries