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UniProtKB - P45639 (CTXL_LEIQU)
Protein
Chlorotoxin
Gene
N/A
Organism
Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus (Egyptian scorpion) (Deathstalker scorpion)
Status
Functioni
This toxin binds to the surface of glioma cells, and inhibits their proliferation without having effects on normal brain cells. In this context, this toxin has been described as a chloride channel inhibitor (probably ClC-3/CLCN3) by causing its internalization via caveolae (PubMed:16520829).
It has also been described to selectively interact with MMP2 (in complex with MT1-MMP (MMP14) and TIMP2), to inhibit its enzymatic activity and to decrease its presence at the cell surface (PubMed:12454020).
3 PublicationsMiscellaneous
Does not interact with MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9.1 Publication
Was tested in clinical trial under the name TM-601 for treatment of malignant glioma.1 Publication
GO - Molecular functioni
- chloride channel regulator activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- toxin activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
Keywordsi
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Chlorotoxin2 PublicationsShort name: CTX Short name: ClTx1 Publication Alternative name(s): INN: Tozuleristide |
Organismi | Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus (Egyptian scorpion) (Deathstalker scorpion) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 6885 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Ecdysozoa › Arthropoda › Chelicerata › Arachnida › Scorpiones › Buthida › Buthoidea › Buthidae › Leiurus › |
Subcellular locationi
Extracellular region or secreted
- Secreted 1 Publication
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular region Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
SecretedPathology & Biotechi
Biotechnological usei
Is under phase I clinical trial as BLZ-100 by Blaze Bioscience Inc. as a fluorescent imaging agent that labels tumor tissue to enable more complete and precise surgical resection. BLZ-100 is composed of the chlorotoxin peptide covalently bound to the near-infrared fluorophore indocyanine green.2 Publications
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
PeptideiPRO_0000044941 | 1 – 36 | Chlorotoxin1 PublicationAdd BLAST | 36 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disulfide bondi | 2 ↔ 19 | 2 PublicationsImported | ||
Disulfide bondi | 5 ↔ 28 | 2 PublicationsImported | ||
Disulfide bondi | 16 ↔ 33 | 2 PublicationsImported | ||
Disulfide bondi | 20 ↔ 35 | 2 PublicationsImported |
Keywords - PTMi
Disulfide bondExpressioni
Tissue specificityi
Expressed by the venom gland.1 Publication
Structurei
Secondary structure
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details3D structure databases
AlphaFoldDBi | P45639 |
BMRBi | P45639 |
SMRi | P45639 |
ModBasei | Search... |
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Miscellaneous databases
EvolutionaryTracei | P45639 |
Family & Domainsi
Domaini
The presence of a 'disulfide through disulfide knot' structurally defines this protein as a knottin.1 Publication
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Chloride channel inhibitor family.PROSITE-ProRule annotation
Keywords - Domaini
KnottinFamily and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR036574, Scorpion_toxin-like_sf IPR007958, Scorpion_toxinS_Cl_inh |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF05294, Toxin_5, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF57095, SSF57095, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51200, SHORT_SCORPION_CHLORIDE, 1 hit |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Web resourcesi
Wikipedia Chlorotoxin entry |
Sequence databases
PIRi | A48850 |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
1CHL | NMR | - | A | 1-36 | [»] | |
5L1C | NMR | - | A | 1-36 | [»] | |
6ATW | X-ray | 1.53 | A | 1-36 | [»] | |
AlphaFoldDBi | P45639 | |||||
BMRBi | P45639 | |||||
SMRi | P45639 | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Miscellaneous databases
EvolutionaryTracei | P45639 |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR036574, Scorpion_toxin-like_sf IPR007958, Scorpion_toxinS_Cl_inh |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF05294, Toxin_5, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF57095, SSF57095, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51200, SHORT_SCORPION_CHLORIDE, 1 hit |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | CTXL_LEIQU | |
Accessioni | P45639Primary (citable) accession number: P45639 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | November 1, 1995 |
Last sequence update: | November 1, 1995 | |
Last modified: | May 25, 2022 | |
This is version 95 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Animal Toxin Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
3D-structure, Direct protein sequencingDocuments
- PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families