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UniProtKB - P40925 (MDHC_HUMAN)

Entry version 211 (29 Sep 2021)
Sequence version 4 (23 Jan 2007)
Previous versions | rss
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Protein

Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic

Gene

MDH1

Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score:

Annotation score:5 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>-Experimental evidence at protein leveli <p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.<p><a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Catalyzes the reduction of aromatic alpha-keto acids in the presence of NADH (PubMed:3052244).

Plays essential roles in the malate-aspartate shuttle and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, important in mitochondrial NADH supply for oxidative phosphorylation (PubMed:31538237).

2 Publications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityi

Sites

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes the interaction between a single amino acid and another chemical entity. Priority is given to the annotation of physiological ligands.<p><a href='/help/binding' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binding sitei42NADBy similarity1
Binding sitei92SubstrateBy similarity1
Binding sitei98SubstrateBy similarity1
Binding sitei105NADBy similarity1
Binding sitei112NADBy similarity1
Binding sitei131SubstrateBy similarity1
Binding sitei162Substrate1
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section is used for enzymes and indicates the residues directly involved in catalysis.<p><a href='/help/act_site' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Active sitei187Proton acceptorBy similarity1

Regions

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes a region in the protein which binds nucleotide phosphates. It always involves more than one amino acid and includes all residues involved in nucleotide-binding.<p><a href='/help/np_bind' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Nucleotide bindingi11 – 17NADBy similarity7
Nucleotide bindingi129 – 131NADBy similarity3

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processi

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsi

Molecular functionOxidoreductase
Biological processTricarboxylic acid cycle
LigandNAD

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyc Collection of Pathway/Genome Databases

More...BioCyci		MetaCyc:HS00361-MONOMER

BRENDA Comprehensive Enzyme Information System

More...BRENDAi		1.1.1.37, 2681

Pathway Commons web resource for biological pathway data

More...PathwayCommonsi		P40925

Reactome - a knowledgebase of biological pathways and processes

More...Reactomei		R-HSA-70263, Gluconeogenesis

SABIO-RK: Biochemical Reaction Kinetics Database

More...SABIO-RKi		P40925

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.<p><a href='/help/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicCurated (EC:1.1.1.371 Publication)
Alternative name(s):
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase
Diiodophenylpyruvate reductase (EC:1.1.1.961 Publication)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names and taxonomy</a> section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. Four distinct tokens exist: 'Name', 'Synonyms', 'Ordered locus names' and 'ORF names'.<p><a href='/help/gene_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Gene namesi
Name:MDH1Imported
Synonyms:MDHA
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>OrganismiHomo sapiens (Human)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names and taxonomy</a> section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the 'taxonomic identifier' or 'taxid'.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri9606 [NCBI]
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names and taxonomy</a> section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineageiEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names and taxonomy</a> section is present for entries that are part of a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/proteomes">proteome</a>, i.e. of a set of proteins thought to be expressed by organisms whose genomes have been completely sequenced.<p><a href='/help/proteomes_manual' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Proteomesi
  • UP000005640 <p>A UniProt <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/proteomes_manual">proteome</a> can consist of several components.<br></br>The component name refers to the genomic component encoding a set of proteins.<p><a href='/help/proteome_component' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Componenti: Chromosome 2

Organism-specific databases

Human Gene Nomenclature Database

More...HGNCi		HGNC:6970, MDH1

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)

More...MIMi		154200, gene

neXtProt; the human protein knowledge platform

More...neXtProti		NX_P40925

Eukaryotic Pathogen, Vector and Host Database Resources

More...VEuPathDBi		HostDB:ENSG00000014641

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Keywords - Cellular componenti

Cytoplasm

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

<p>This subsection of the 'Pathology and Biotech' section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseasei

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 88 (DEE88)1 Publication
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease descriptionA form of epileptic encephalopathy, a heterogeneous group of early-onset epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures, neurodevelopmental impairment, and poor prognosis. Development is normal prior to seizure onset, after which cognitive and motor delays become apparent. DEE88 is an autosomal recessive severe form characterized by global developmental delay, epilepsy, and progressive microcephaly.
Related information in OMIM
Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural variantiVAR_083894120A → V in DEE88; decreased protein expression; increased levels of glutamate and glycerol-3-phosphate. 1 Publication1

Keywords - Diseasei

Disease variant, Epilepsy

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET

More...DisGeNETi		4190
MIMi618959, phenotype

Open Targets

More...OpenTargetsi		ENSG00000014641

The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base

More...PharmGKBi		PA30714

Miscellaneous databases

Pharos NIH Druggable Genome Knowledgebase

More...Pharosi		P40925, Tbio

Chemistry databases

ChEMBL database of bioactive drug-like small molecules

More...ChEMBLi		CHEMBL3560

Drug and drug target database

More...DrugBanki		DB11638, Artenimol
DB00157, NADH
DB03461, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

DrugCentral

More...DrugCentrali		P40925

Genetic variation databases

BioMuta curated single-nucleotide variation and disease association database

More...BioMutai		MDH1

Domain mapping of disease mutations (DMDM)

More...DMDMi		1708967

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM / Processing</a> section indicates that the initiator methionine is cleaved from the mature protein.<p><a href='/help/init_met' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Initiator methionineiRemovedCombined sources1 Publication
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing or proteolytic cleavage.<p><a href='/help/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>ChainiPRO_00001134092 – 334Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicAdd BLAST333

Amino acid modifications

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.<p><a href='/help/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei2N-acetylserineCombined sources1 Publication1
Modified residuei110N6-succinyllysineBy similarity1
Modified residuei118N6-acetyllysineCombined sources1 Publication1
Modified residuei121N6-acetyllysine1 Publication1
Modified residuei214N6-succinyllysineBy similarity1
Modified residuei217PhosphoserineBy similarity1
Modified residuei230Omega-N-methylarginineBy similarity1
Modified residuei241PhosphoserineCombined sources1
Modified residuei298N6-acetyllysine; alternateCombined sources1 Publication1
Modified residuei298N6-succinyllysine; alternateBy similarity1
Modified residuei309PhosphoserineBy similarity1
Modified residuei318N6-succinyllysineBy similarity1
Modified residuei332PhosphoserineBy similarity1
Modified residuei333PhosphoserineCombined sources1

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationi

ISGylated.1 Publication
Acetylation at Lys-118 dramatically enhances enzymatic activity and promotes adipogenic differentiation.2 Publications

Keywords - PTMi

Acetylation, Methylation, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation

Proteomic databases

The CPTAC Assay portal

More...CPTACi		CPTAC-236
CPTAC-237

Encyclopedia of Proteome Dynamics

More...EPDi		P40925

jPOST - Japan Proteome Standard Repository/Database

More...jPOSTi		P40925

MassIVE - Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment

More...MassIVEi		P40925

PaxDb, a database of protein abundance averages across all three domains of life

More...PaxDbi		P40925

PeptideAtlas

More...PeptideAtlasi		P40925

PRoteomics IDEntifications database

More...PRIDEi		P40925

ProteomicsDB: a multi-organism proteome resource

More...ProteomicsDBi		25276
55384 [P40925-1]
55385 [P40925-2]

Consortium for Top Down Proteomics

More...TopDownProteomicsi		P40925-1 [P40925-1]

2D gel databases

REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE

More...REPRODUCTION-2DPAGEi		IPI00291005

University College Dublin 2-DE Proteome Database

More...UCD-2DPAGEi		P40925

PTM databases

GlyGen: Computational and Informatics Resources for Glycoscience

More...GlyGeni		P40925, 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site)

iPTMnet integrated resource for PTMs in systems biology context

More...iPTMneti		P40925

MetOSite database of methionine sulfoxide sites

More...MetOSitei		P40925

Comprehensive resource for the study of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human, mouse and rat.

More...PhosphoSitePlusi		P40925

SwissPalm database of S-palmitoylation events

More...SwissPalmi		P40925

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Bgee dataBase for Gene Expression Evolution

More...Bgeei		ENSG00000014641, Expressed in superior frontal gyrus and 250 other tissues

ExpressionAtlas, Differential and Baseline Expression

More...ExpressionAtlasi		P40925, baseline and differential

Genevisible search portal to normalized and curated expression data from Genevestigator

More...Genevisiblei		P40925, HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas

More...HPAi		ENSG00000014641, Tissue enhanced (heart)

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structurei

Homodimer.

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsi

Protein-protein interaction databases

The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID)

More...BioGRIDi		110355, 93 interactors

Protein interaction database and analysis system

More...IntActi		P40925, 22 interactors

Molecular INTeraction database

More...MINTi		P40925

STRING: functional protein association networks

More...STRINGi		9606.ENSP00000438144

Chemistry databases

BindingDB database of measured binding affinities

More...BindingDBi		P40925

Miscellaneous databases

RNAct, Protein-RNA interaction predictions for model organisms.

More...RNActi		P40925, protein

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

SWISS-MODEL Repository - a database of annotated 3D protein structure models

More...SMRi		P40925

Database of comparative protein structure models

More...ModBasei		Search...

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups

More...eggNOGi		KOG1496, Eukaryota

Ensembl GeneTree

More...GeneTreei		ENSGT00530000063410

The HOGENOM Database of Homologous Genes from Fully Sequenced Organisms

More...HOGENOMi		CLU_040727_2_0_1

InParanoid: Eukaryotic Ortholog Groups

More...InParanoidi		P40925

Identification of Orthologs from Complete Genome Data

More...OMAi		TKGMERG

Database of Orthologous Groups

More...OrthoDBi		1118998at2759

Database for complete collections of gene phylogenies

More...PhylomeDBi		P40925

TreeFam database of animal gene trees

More...TreeFami		TF105826

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database

More...CDDi		cd01336, MDH_cytoplasmic_cytosolic, 1 hit

Gene3D Structural and Functional Annotation of Protein Families

More...Gene3Di		3.90.110.10, 1 hit

HAMAP database of protein families

More...HAMAPi		MF_01517, Malate_dehydrog_2, 1 hit

Integrated resource of protein families, domains and functional sites

More...InterProi		View protein in InterPro
IPR001557, L-lactate/malate_DH
IPR022383, Lactate/malate_DH_C
IPR001236, Lactate/malate_DH_N
IPR015955, Lactate_DH/Glyco_Ohase_4_C
IPR001252, Malate_DH_AS
IPR011274, Malate_DH_NAD-dep_euk
IPR010945, Malate_DH_type2
IPR036291, NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf

The PANTHER Classification System

More...PANTHERi		PTHR23382, PTHR23382, 1 hit

Pfam protein domain database

More...Pfami		View protein in Pfam
PF02866, Ldh_1_C, 1 hit
PF00056, Ldh_1_N, 1 hit

PIRSF; a whole-protein classification database

More...PIRSFi		PIRSF000102, Lac_mal_DH, 1 hit

Superfamily database of structural and functional annotation

More...SUPFAMi		SSF51735, SSF51735, 1 hit
SSF56327, SSF56327, 1 hit

TIGRFAMs; a protein family database

More...TIGRFAMsi		TIGR01759, MalateDH-SF1, 1 hit
TIGR01758, MDH_euk_cyt, 1 hit

PROSITE; a protein domain and family database

More...PROSITEi		View protein in PROSITE
PS00068, MDH, 1 hit

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (3+)i

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingi: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry describes 3 <p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section lists the alternative protein sequences (isoforms) that can be generated from the same gene by a single or by the combination of up to four biological events (alternative promoter usage, alternative splicing, alternative initiation and ribosomal frameshifting). Additionally, this section gives relevant information on each alternative protein isoform.<p><a href='/help/alternative_products' target='_top'>More...</a></p> isoformsi produced by alternative splicing. AlignAdd to basket

This entry has 3 described isoforms and 8 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

Isoform 1 (identifier: P40925-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

This isoform has been chosen as the <div> <p><b>What is the canonical sequence?</b><p><a href='/help/canonical_and_isoforms' target='_top'>More...</a></p>canonicali sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

« Hide
        10         20         30         40         50
MSEPIRVLVT GAAGQIAYSL LYSIGNGSVF GKDQPIILVL LDITPMMGVL 
        60         70         80         90        100
DGVLMELQDC ALPLLKDVIA TDKEDVAFKD LDVAILVGSM PRREGMERKD 
       110        120        130        140        150
LLKANVKIFK SQGAALDKYA KKSVKVIVVG NPANTNCLTA SKSAPSIPKE 
       160        170        180        190        200
NFSCLTRLDH NRAKAQIALK LGVTANDVKN VIIWGNHSST QYPDVNHAKV 
       210        220        230        240        250
KLQGKEVGVY EALKDDSWLK GEFVTTVQQR GAAVIKARKL SSAMSAAKAI 
       260        270        280        290        300
CDHVRDIWFG TPEGEFVSMG VISDGNSYGV PDDLLYSFPV VIKNKTWKFV 
       310        320        330 
EGLPINDFSR EKMDLTAKEL TEEKESAFEF LSSA
Length:334
Mass (Da):36,426
Last modified:January 23, 2007 - v4
<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p> <p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.</p> <p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).</p> <p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. </p> <p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br /> <strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p> Checksum:i5F7ED9789CA1DB55
GO
Isoform 2 (identifier: P40925-2) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-89: Missing.

Show »
Length:245
Mass (Da):27,025
Checksum:iDEBC412374575BD9
GO
Isoform 3 (identifier: P40925-3) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-1: M → MRRCSYFPKDVTVFDKDDK

Show »
Length:352
Mass (Da):38,628
Checksum:i058B25735B30BBC2
GO

<p>In eukaryotic reference proteomes, unreviewed entries that are likely to belong to the same gene are computationally mapped, based on gene identifiers from Ensembl, EnsemblGenomes and model organism databases.<p><a href='/help/gene_centric_isoform_mapping' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi

There are 8 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basket
EntryEntry nameProtein names
Gene namesLengthAnnotation
C9JF79C9JF79_HUMAN
Malate dehydrogenase
MDH1
222Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
A0A5K1VW95A0A5K1VW95_HUMAN
Malate dehydrogenase
MDH1
353Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
C9JLV6C9JLV6_HUMAN
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase
MDH1
114Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
C9JRL4C9JRL4_HUMAN
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase
MDH1
119Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
C9IZI0C9IZI0_HUMAN
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase
MDH1
67Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
B9A041B9A041_HUMAN
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1
210Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
B8ZZ51B8ZZ51_HUMAN
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1
169Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
F8WFC2F8WFC2_HUMAN
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1
87Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

Experimental Info

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.<p><a href='/help/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti15Q → R in BAH12223 (PubMed:14702039).Curated1

Natural variant

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Natural variantiVAR_083894120A → V in DEE88; decreased protein expression; increased levels of glutamate and glycerol-3-phosphate. 1 Publication1

Alternative sequence

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section describes the sequence of naturally occurring alternative protein isoform(s). The changes in the amino acid sequence may be due to alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage, alternative initiation, or ribosomal frameshifting.<p><a href='/help/var_seq' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Alternative sequenceiVSP_0426611 – 89Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST89
Alternative sequenceiVSP_0458471M → MRRCSYFPKDVTVFDKDDK in isoform 3. 1 Publication1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:

EMBL nucleotide sequence database

More...EMBLi

GenBank nucleotide sequence database

More...GenBanki

DNA Data Bank of Japan; a nucleotide sequence database

More...DDBJi
Links Updated
D55654 mRNA Translation: BAA09513.1
U20352 mRNA Translation: AAC16436.1
CR457405 mRNA Translation: CAG33686.1
AK295931 mRNA Translation: BAH12223.1
AK300719 mRNA Translation: BAG62394.1
AK312331 mRNA Translation: BAG35252.1
AC016734 Genomic DNA Translation: AAY14893.1
CH471053 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW99959.1
BC001484 mRNA Translation: AAH01484.1

The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project

More...CCDSi		CCDS1874.1 [P40925-1]
CCDS56121.1 [P40925-3]
CCDS56122.1 [P40925-2]

Protein sequence database of the Protein Information Resource

More...PIRi		G01650

NCBI Reference Sequences

More...RefSeqi		NP_001186040.1, NM_001199111.1 [P40925-3]
NP_001186041.1, NM_001199112.1 [P40925-2]
NP_001303303.1, NM_001316374.1
NP_005908.1, NM_005917.3 [P40925-1]

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl eukaryotic genome annotation project

More...Ensembli		ENST00000233114; ENSP00000233114; ENSG00000014641 [P40925-1]
ENST00000432309; ENSP00000410073; ENSG00000014641 [P40925-3]
ENST00000544381; ENSP00000446395; ENSG00000014641 [P40925-1]

Database of genes from NCBI RefSeq genomes

More...GeneIDi		4190

KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

More...KEGGi		hsa:4190

UCSC genome browser

More...UCSCi		uc010ypv.3, human [P40925-1]

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

Alternative splicing

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Wikipedia

Malate dehydrogenase entry

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:
EMBLi
GenBanki
DDBJi
Links Updated
D55654 mRNA Translation: BAA09513.1
U20352 mRNA Translation: AAC16436.1
CR457405 mRNA Translation: CAG33686.1
AK295931 mRNA Translation: BAH12223.1
AK300719 mRNA Translation: BAG62394.1
AK312331 mRNA Translation: BAG35252.1
AC016734 Genomic DNA Translation: AAY14893.1
CH471053 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW99959.1
BC001484 mRNA Translation: AAH01484.1
CCDSiCCDS1874.1 [P40925-1]
CCDS56121.1 [P40925-3]
CCDS56122.1 [P40925-2]
PIRiG01650
RefSeqiNP_001186040.1, NM_001199111.1 [P40925-3]
NP_001186041.1, NM_001199112.1 [P40925-2]
NP_001303303.1, NM_001316374.1
NP_005908.1, NM_005917.3 [P40925-1]

3D structure databases

SMRiP40925
ModBaseiSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGRIDi110355, 93 interactors
IntActiP40925, 22 interactors
MINTiP40925
STRINGi9606.ENSP00000438144

Chemistry databases

BindingDBiP40925
ChEMBLiCHEMBL3560
DrugBankiDB11638, Artenimol
DB00157, NADH
DB03461, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
DrugCentraliP40925

PTM databases

GlyGeniP40925, 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site)
iPTMnetiP40925
MetOSiteiP40925
PhosphoSitePlusiP40925
SwissPalmiP40925

Genetic variation databases

BioMutaiMDH1
DMDMi1708967

2D gel databases

REPRODUCTION-2DPAGEiIPI00291005
UCD-2DPAGEiP40925

Proteomic databases

CPTACiCPTAC-236
CPTAC-237
EPDiP40925
jPOSTiP40925
MassIVEiP40925
PaxDbiP40925
PeptideAtlasiP40925
PRIDEiP40925
ProteomicsDBi25276
55384 [P40925-1]
55385 [P40925-2]
TopDownProteomicsiP40925-1 [P40925-1]

Protocols and materials databases

Antibodypedia a portal for validated antibodies

More...Antibodypediai		15986, 415 antibodies

The CPTC Antibody Portal

More...CPTCi		P40925, 3 antibodies

The DNASU plasmid repository

More...DNASUi		4190

Genome annotation databases

EnsembliENST00000233114; ENSP00000233114; ENSG00000014641 [P40925-1]
ENST00000432309; ENSP00000410073; ENSG00000014641 [P40925-3]
ENST00000544381; ENSP00000446395; ENSG00000014641 [P40925-1]
GeneIDi4190
KEGGihsa:4190
UCSCiuc010ypv.3, human [P40925-1]

Organism-specific databases

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

More...CTDi		4190
DisGeNETi4190

GeneCards: human genes, protein and diseases

More...GeneCardsi		MDH1
HGNCiHGNC:6970, MDH1
HPAiENSG00000014641, Tissue enhanced (heart)
MIMi154200, gene
618959, phenotype
neXtProtiNX_P40925
OpenTargetsiENSG00000014641
PharmGKBiPA30714
VEuPathDBiHostDB:ENSG00000014641

GenAtlas: human gene database

More...GenAtlasi		Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGiKOG1496, Eukaryota
GeneTreeiENSGT00530000063410
HOGENOMiCLU_040727_2_0_1
InParanoidiP40925
OMAiTKGMERG
OrthoDBi1118998at2759
PhylomeDBiP40925
TreeFamiTF105826

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyciMetaCyc:HS00361-MONOMER
BRENDAi1.1.1.37, 2681
PathwayCommonsiP40925
ReactomeiR-HSA-70263, Gluconeogenesis
SABIO-RKiP40925

Miscellaneous databases

BioGRID ORCS database of CRISPR phenotype screens

More...BioGRID-ORCSi		4190, 9 hits in 1019 CRISPR screens

ChiTaRS: a database of human, mouse and fruit fly chimeric transcripts and RNA-sequencing data

More...ChiTaRSi		MDH1, human

Database of phenotypes from RNA interference screens in Drosophila and Homo sapiens

More...GenomeRNAii		4190
PharosiP40925, Tbio

Protein Ontology

More...PROi		PR:P40925
RNActiP40925, protein

The Stanford Online Universal Resource for Clones and ESTs

More...SOURCEi		Search...

Gene expression databases

BgeeiENSG00000014641, Expressed in superior frontal gyrus and 250 other tissues
ExpressionAtlasiP40925, baseline and differential
GenevisibleiP40925, HS

Family and domain databases

CDDicd01336, MDH_cytoplasmic_cytosolic, 1 hit
Gene3Di3.90.110.10, 1 hit
HAMAPiMF_01517, Malate_dehydrog_2, 1 hit
InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR001557, L-lactate/malate_DH
IPR022383, Lactate/malate_DH_C
IPR001236, Lactate/malate_DH_N
IPR015955, Lactate_DH/Glyco_Ohase_4_C
IPR001252, Malate_DH_AS
IPR011274, Malate_DH_NAD-dep_euk
IPR010945, Malate_DH_type2
IPR036291, NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf
PANTHERiPTHR23382, PTHR23382, 1 hit
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF02866, Ldh_1_C, 1 hit
PF00056, Ldh_1_N, 1 hit
PIRSFiPIRSF000102, Lac_mal_DH, 1 hit
SUPFAMiSSF51735, SSF51735, 1 hit
SSF56327, SSF56327, 1 hit
TIGRFAMsiTIGR01759, MalateDH-SF1, 1 hit
TIGR01758, MDH_euk_cyt, 1 hit
PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
PS00068, MDH, 1 hit

MobiDB: a database of protein disorder and mobility annotations

More...MobiDBi		Search...

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry nameiMDHC_HUMAN
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called 'Primary (citable) accession number'.<p><a href='/help/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: P40925
Secondary accession number(s): B2R5V5
, B4DUN2, B7Z3I7, F5H098, Q6I9V0
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ('Last modified'). The version number for both the entry and the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> are also displayed.<p><a href='/help/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: February 1, 1995
Last sequence update: January 23, 2007
Last modified: September 29, 2021
This is version 211 of the entry and version 4 of the sequence. See complete history.
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).<p><a href='/help/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

  1. Human chromosome 2
    Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
  2. Human entries with genetic variants
    List of human entries with genetic variants
  3. Human variants curated from literature reports
    Index of human variants curated from literature reports
  4. MIM cross-references
    Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  5. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families
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