Pro-adrenomedullin

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• adrenomedullin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Function of the cytoplasmic tail of human calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with receptor activity-modifying protein 2."
    Kuwasako K., Kitamura K., Nagata S., Hikosaka T., Kato J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 392:380-385(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• signaling receptor binding Source: ProtInc <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Discovery of adrenomedullin in rat ischemic cortex and evidence for its role in exacerbating focal brain ischemic damage."
    Wang X., Yue T.L., Barone F.C., White R.F., Clark R.K., Willette R.N., Sulpizio A.C., Aiyar N.V., Ruffolo R.R. Jr., Feuerstein G.Z.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:11480-11484(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Visualization of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and its receptor activity-modifying proteins during internalization and recycling."
    Kuwasako K., Shimekake Y., Masuda M., Nakahara K., Yoshida T., Kitaura M., Kitamura K., Eto T., Sakata T.
    J Biol Chem 275:29602-29609(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of adrenomedullin 5, a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in mammals."
    Takei Y., Hashimoto H., Inoue K., Osaki T., Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K., Tsunemi M., Watanabe T.X., Ogoshi M., Minamino N., Ueta Y.
    J. Endocrinol. 197:391-400(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Function of the cytoplasmic tail of human calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with receptor activity-modifying protein 2."
    Kuwasako K., Kitamura K., Nagata S., Hikosaka T., Kato J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 392:380-385(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Visualization of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and its receptor activity-modifying proteins during internalization and recycling."
    Kuwasako K., Shimekake Y., Masuda M., Nakahara K., Yoshida T., Kitaura M., Kitamura K., Eto T., Sakata T.
    J Biol Chem 275:29602-29609(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of adrenomedullin 5, a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in mammals."
    Takei Y., Hashimoto H., Inoue K., Osaki T., Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K., Tsunemi M., Watanabe T.X., Ogoshi M., Minamino N., Ueta Y.
    J. Endocrinol. 197:391-400(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Function of the cytoplasmic tail of human calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with receptor activity-modifying protein 2."
    Kuwasako K., Kitamura K., Nagata S., Hikosaka T., Kato J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 392:380-385(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• aging Source: Ensembl
• amylin receptor signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide directly activates amylin-3 receptor subtype by triggering multiple intracellular signaling pathways."
    Fu W., Ruangkittisakul A., MacTavish D., Shi J.Y., Ballanyi K., Jhamandas J.H.
    J Biol Chem 287:18820-18830(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• androgen metabolic process Source: Ensembl
• animal organ regeneration Source: Ensembl
• antibacterial humoral response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An investigation into the antimicrobial effects of adrenomedullin on members of the skin, oral, respiratory tract and gut microflora."
    Allaker R.P., Zihni C., Kapas S.
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 23:289-293(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An investigation into the antimicrobial effects of adrenomedullin on members of the skin, oral, respiratory tract and gut microflora."
    Allaker R.P., Zihni C., Kapas S.
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 23:289-293(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An investigation into the antimicrobial effects of adrenomedullin on members of the skin, oral, respiratory tract and gut microflora."
    Allaker R.P., Zihni C., Kapas S.
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 23:289-293(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An investigation into the antimicrobial effects of adrenomedullin on members of the skin, oral, respiratory tract and gut microflora."
    Allaker R.P., Zihni C., Kapas S.
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 23:289-293(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• developmental growth Source: Ensembl
• female pregnancy Source: Ensembl
• G protein-coupled receptor internalization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Visualization of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and its receptor activity-modifying proteins during internalization and recycling."
    Kuwasako K., Shimekake Y., Masuda M., Nakahara K., Yoshida T., Kitaura M., Kitamura K., Eto T., Sakata T.
    J Biol Chem 275:29602-29609(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• heart development Source: Ensembl
• hormone secretion Source: Ensembl
• inflammatory response Source: GO_CentralTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Discovery of adrenomedullin in rat ischemic cortex and evidence for its role in exacerbating focal brain ischemic damage."
    Wang X., Yue T.L., Barone F.C., White R.F., Clark R.K., Willette R.N., Sulpizio A.C., Aiyar N.V., Ruffolo R.R. Jr., Feuerstein G.Z.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:11480-11484(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: Reactome
• negative regulation of vascular permeability Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of vasoconstriction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effect of adrenomedullin on the production of endothelin-1 and on its vasoconstrictor action in resistance arteries: evidence for a receptor-specific functional interaction in patients with heart failure."
    Hillier C., Petrie M.C., Love M.P., Johnston F., MacLean M.R., McMurray J.J.
    Clin Sci (Lond) 101:45-51(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neural tube closure Source: Ensembl
• neuron projection regeneration Source: Ensembl
• odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of heart rate Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of adrenomedullin 5, a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in mammals."
    Takei Y., Hashimoto H., Inoue K., Osaki T., Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K., Tsunemi M., Watanabe T.X., Ogoshi M., Minamino N., Ueta Y.
    J. Endocrinol. 197:391-400(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process Source: GO_CentralTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Expression of adrenomedullin by human granulosa lutein cells and its effect on progesterone production."
    Moriyama T., Otani T., Maruo T.
    Eur J Endocrinol 142:671-676(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vasculogenesis Source: Ensembl
• receptor internalization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Visualization of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and its receptor activity-modifying proteins during internalization and recycling."
    Kuwasako K., Shimekake Y., Masuda M., Nakahara K., Yoshida T., Kitaura M., Kitamura K., Eto T., Sakata T.
    J Biol Chem 275:29602-29609(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Novel function for receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) in post-endocytic receptor trafficking."
    Bomberger J.M., Parameswaran N., Hall C.S., Aiyar N., Spielman W.S.
    J Biol Chem 280:9297-9307(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Function of the cytoplasmic tail of human calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with receptor activity-modifying protein 2."
    Kuwasako K., Kitamura K., Nagata S., Hikosaka T., Kato J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 392:380-385(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of adrenomedullin 5, a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in mammals."
    Takei Y., Hashimoto H., Inoue K., Osaki T., Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K., Tsunemi M., Watanabe T.X., Ogoshi M., Minamino N., Ueta Y.
    J. Endocrinol. 197:391-400(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of the force of heart contraction Source: Ensembl
• regulation of urine volume Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Central and peripheral cardiovascular actions of adrenomedullin 5, a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in mammals."
    Takei Y., Hashimoto H., Inoue K., Osaki T., Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K., Tsunemi M., Watanabe T.X., Ogoshi M., Minamino N., Ueta Y.
    J. Endocrinol. 197:391-400(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to cold Source: Ensembl
• response to glucocorticoid Source: Ensembl
• response to hypoxia Source: Ensembl
• response to insulin Source: Ensembl
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
• response to starvation Source: Ensembl
• response to wounding Source: Ensembl
• signal transduction Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Expression of adrenomedullin by human granulosa lutein cells and its effect on progesterone production."
    Moriyama T., Otani T., Maruo T.
    Eur J Endocrinol 142:671-676(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• spongiotrophoblast layer development Source: Ensembl
• vascular associated smooth muscle cell development Source: Ensembl
• vasculogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Gene silencing of human RAMP2 mediated by short-interfering RNA."
    Albertin G., Ruggero M., Guidolin D., Nussdorfer G.G.
    Int J Mol Med 18:531-535(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Genetic variation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• adrenomedullin receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Function of the cytoplasmic tail of human calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with receptor activity-modifying protein 2."
    Kuwasako K., Kitamura K., Nagata S., Hikosaka T., Kato J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 392:380-385(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• signaling receptor binding Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Discovery of adrenomedullin in rat ischemic cortex and evidence for its role in exacerbating focal brain ischemic damage."
    Wang X., Yue T.L., Barone F.C., White R.F., Clark R.K., Willette R.N., Sulpizio A.C., Aiyar N.V., Ruffolo R.R. Jr., Feuerstein G.Z.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:11480-11484(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 4 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MKLVSVALMY LGSLAFLGAD TARLDVASEF RKKWNKWALS RGKRELRMSS 
        60         70         80         90        100
SYPTGLADVK AGPAQTLIRP QDMKGASRSP EDSSPDAARI RVKRYRQSMN 
       110        120        130        140        150
NFQGLRSFGC RFGTCTVQKL AHQIYQFTDK DKDNVAPRSK ISPQGYGRRR 
       160        170        180 
RRSLPEAGPG RTLVSSKPQA HGAPAPPSGS APHFL                 

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Genetic variation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 11
   Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. Human entries with genetic variants
   List of human entries with genetic variants
3. Human variants curated from literature reports
   Index of human variants curated from literature reports
4. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
5. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
6. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families