Transcription factor AP-2-alpha

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• chromatin binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMATIN, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of dystrophin Dp71 expression during neuronal differentiation: opposite roles of Sp1 and AP2alpha in Dp71 promoter activity."
    Morales-Lazaro S.L., Gonzalez-Ramirez R., Gomez P., Tapia-Ramirez V., de Leon M.B., Cisneros B.
    J. Neurochem. 112:474-485(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcriptional regulation of PP2A-A alpha is mediated by multiple factors including AP-2alpha, CREB, ETS-1, and SP-1."
    Chen H.G., Han W.J., Deng M., Qin J., Yuan D., Liu J.P., Xiao L., Gong L., Liang S., Zhang J., Liu Y., Li D.W.
    PLoS ONE 4:e7019-e7019(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a novel mouse AP-2 transcription factor, AP-2delta, with unique DNA binding and transactivation properties."
    Zhao F., Satoda M., Licht J.D., Hayashizaki Y., Gelb B.D.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:40755-40760(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.7

    "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMATIN, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: UniProtKB
• DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha: a regulator of EGF receptor signaling and proliferation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Bolotin D., Chu D.H., Polak L., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 172:409-421(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Induction of dystrophin Dp71 expression during neuronal differentiation: opposite roles of Sp1 and AP2alpha in Dp71 promoter activity."
    Morales-Lazaro S.L., Gonzalez-Ramirez R., Gomez P., Tapia-Ramirez V., de Leon M.B., Cisneros B.
    J. Neurochem. 112:474-485(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of Hoxa2 in cranial neural crest cells involves members of the AP-2 family."
    Maconochie M., Krishnamurthy R., Nonchev S., Meier P., Manzanares M., Mitchell P.J., Krumlauf R.
    Development 126:1483-1494(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "High glucose increases angiopoietin-2 transcription in microvascular endothelial cells through methylglyoxal modification of mSin3A."
    Yao D., Taguchi T., Matsumura T., Pestell R., Edelstein D., Giardino I., Suske G., Rabbani N., Thornalley P.J., Sarthy V.P., Hammes H.P., Brownlee M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 282:31038-31045(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: NTNU_SBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcriptional regulation of the AP-2alpha promoter by BTEB-1 and AP-2rep, a novel wt-1/egr-related zinc finger repressor."
    Imhof A., Schuierer M., Werner O., Moser M., Roth C., Bauer R., Buettner R.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:194-204(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGI
• transcription coactivator activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A heart-hand syndrome gene: Tfap2b plays a critical role in the development and remodeling of mouse ductus arteriosus and limb patterning."
    Zhao F., Bosserhoff A.K., Buettner R., Moser M.
    PLoS ONE 6:e22908-e22908(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription corepressor activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A heart-hand syndrome gene: Tfap2b plays a critical role in the development and remodeling of mouse ductus arteriosus and limb patterning."
    Zhao F., Bosserhoff A.K., Buettner R., Moser M.
    PLoS ONE 6:e22908-e22908(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription factor binding Source: MGI
• transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
• transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGI

GO - Biological processⁱ

• anterior neuropore closure Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 essential for cranial closure and craniofacial development."
    Schorle H., Meier P., Buchert M., Jaenisch R., Mitchell P.J.
    Nature 381:235-238(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• basement membrane organization Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Targeted deletion of AP-2alpha leads to disruption in corneal epithelial cell integrity and defects in the corneal stroma."
    Dwivedi D.J., Pontoriero G.F., Ashery-Padan R., Sullivan S., Williams T., West-Mays J.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46:3623-3630(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• bone morphogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Neural tube, skeletal and body wall defects in mice lacking transcription factor AP-2."
    Zhang J., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Serbedzija G., Elsemore J., Plehn-Dujowich D., McMahon A.P., Flavell R.A., Williams T.
    Nature 381:238-241(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to iron ion Source: UniProtKB
• cornea development in camera-type eye Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Targeted deletion of AP-2alpha leads to disruption in corneal epithelial cell integrity and defects in the corneal stroma."
    Dwivedi D.J., Pontoriero G.F., Ashery-Padan R., Sullivan S., Williams T., West-Mays J.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46:3623-3630(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic body morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Loss of AP-2alpha impacts multiple aspects of ventral body wall development and closure."
    Brewer S., Williams T.
    Dev. Biol. 267:399-417(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice."
    Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Zhang J., Perkins A., Williams T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:13714-13719(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Neural tube, skeletal and body wall defects in mice lacking transcription factor AP-2."
    Zhang J., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Serbedzija G., Elsemore J., Plehn-Dujowich D., McMahon A.P., Flavell R.A., Williams T.
    Nature 381:238-241(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic forelimb morphogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice."
    Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Zhang J., Perkins A., Williams T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:13714-13719(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic pattern specification Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Identification and analysis of a conserved Tcfap2a intronic enhancer element required for expression in facial and limb bud mesenchyme."
    Feng W., Huang J., Zhang J., Williams T.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 28:315-325(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• epidermis morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha: a regulator of EGF receptor signaling and proliferation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Bolotin D., Chu D.H., Polak L., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 172:409-421(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• eyelid development in camera-type eye Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice."
    Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Zhang J., Perkins A., Williams T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:13714-13719(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• face morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice."
    Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Zhang J., Perkins A., Williams T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:13714-13719(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• forebrain neuron development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Transcription factor activator protein-2 is required for continued luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone expression in the forebrain of developing mice."
    Kramer P.R., Krishnamurthy R., Mitchell P.J., Wray S.
    Endocrinology 141:1823-1838(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• forelimb morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice."
    Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Zhang J., Perkins A., Williams T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:13714-13719(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• inner ear morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• keratinocyte development Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Pasolli H.A., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 183:37-48(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kidney development Source: UniProtKB
• lens induction in camera-type eye Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Spatiotemporal expression pattern of keratins in skin of AP-2alpha-deficient mice."
    Talbot D., Loring J., Schorle H., Lorgin J.
    J. Invest. Dermatol. 113:816-820(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cell autonomous roles for AP-2alpha in lens vesicle separation and maintenance of the lens epithelial cell phenotype."
    Pontoriero G.F., Deschamps P., Ashery-Padan R., Wong R., Yang Y., Zavadil J., Cvekl A., Sullivan S., Williams T., West-Mays J.A.
    Dev. Dyn. 237:602-617(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "AP-2alpha transcription factor is required for early morphogenesis of the lens vesicle."
    West-Mays J.A., Zhang J., Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Libby D., Strissel K.J., Williams T.
    Dev. Biol. 206:46-62(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• metanephric nephron development Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha: a regulator of EGF receptor signaling and proliferation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Bolotin D., Chu D.H., Polak L., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 172:409-421(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha: a regulator of EGF receptor signaling and proliferation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Bolotin D., Chu D.H., Polak L., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 172:409-421(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "The transcription factors AP-2beta and AP-2alpha are required for survival of sympathetic progenitors and differentiated sympathetic neurons."
    Schmidt M., Huber L., Majdazari A., Schutz G., Williams T., Rohrer H.
    Dev. Biol. 355:89-100(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGI
• negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A heart-hand syndrome gene: Tfap2b plays a critical role in the development and remodeling of mouse ductus arteriosus and limb patterning."
    Zhao F., Bosserhoff A.K., Buettner R., Moser M.
    PLoS ONE 6:e22908-e22908(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nervous system development Source: UniProtKBInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neural crest cell development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Neural tube, skeletal and body wall defects in mice lacking transcription factor AP-2."
    Zhang J., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Serbedzija G., Elsemore J., Plehn-Dujowich D., McMahon A.P., Flavell R.A., Williams T.
    Nature 381:238-241(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neural tube closure Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Neural tube, skeletal and body wall defects in mice lacking transcription factor AP-2."
    Zhang J., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Serbedzija G., Elsemore J., Plehn-Dujowich D., McMahon A.P., Flavell R.A., Williams T.
    Nature 381:238-241(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice."
    Nottoli T., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Zhang J., Perkins A., Williams T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:13714-13719(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• oculomotor nerve formation Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Neural tube, skeletal and body wall defects in mice lacking transcription factor AP-2."
    Zhang J., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Serbedzija G., Elsemore J., Plehn-Dujowich D., McMahon A.P., Flavell R.A., Williams T.
    Nature 381:238-241(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• optic cup structural organization Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha knockout mice exhibit optic cup patterning defects and failure of optic stalk morphogenesis."
    Bassett E.A., Williams T., Zacharias A.L., Gage P.J., Fuhrmann S., West-Mays J.A.
    Hum. Mol. Genet. 19:1791-1804(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• optic vesicle morphogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha knockout mice exhibit optic cup patterning defects and failure of optic stalk morphogenesis."
    Bassett E.A., Williams T., Zacharias A.L., Gage P.J., Fuhrmann S., West-Mays J.A.
    Hum. Mol. Genet. 19:1791-1804(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• outflow tract morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Requirement for AP-2alpha in cardiac outflow tract morphogenesis."
    Brewer S., Jiang X., Donaldson S., Williams T., Sucov H.M.
    Mech. Dev. 110:139-149(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of bone mineralization Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of cell migration Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha regulates migration of GN-11 neurons via a specific genetic programme involving the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase."
    Orso F., Jager R., Calogero R.A., Schorle H., Sismondi P., De Bortoli M., Taverna D.
    BMC Biol. 7:25-25(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMATIN, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of tooth mineralization Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMATIN, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcriptional regulation of PP2A-A alpha is mediated by multiple factors including AP-2alpha, CREB, ETS-1, and SP-1."
    Chen H.G., Han W.J., Deng M., Qin J., Yuan D., Liu J.P., Xiao L., Gong L., Liang S., Zhang J., Liu Y., Li D.W.
    PLoS ONE 4:e7019-e7019(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell differentiation Source: MGI
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of neuron differentiation Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Ectopic expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and peripherin in the respiratory epithelium of mice lacking transcription factor AP-2alpha."
    Kramer P.R., Guerrero G., Krishnamurthy R., Mitchell P.J., Wray S.
    Mech. Dev. 94:79-94(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a novel mouse AP-2 transcription factor, AP-2delta, with unique DNA binding and transactivation properties."
    Zhao F., Satoda M., Licht J.D., Hayashizaki Y., Gelb B.D.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:40755-40760(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Cited2 controls left-right patterning and heart development through a Nodal-Pitx2c pathway."
    Bamforth S.D., Braganca J., Farthing C.R., Schneider J.E., Broadbent C., Michell A.C., Clarke K., Neubauer S., Norris D., Brown N.A., Anderson R.H., Bhattacharya S.
    Nat. Genet. 36:1189-1196(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMATIN, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGI
• roof of mouth development Source: UniProtKB
• sensory organ development Source: UniProtKBInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sensory perception of sound Source: UniProtKB
• skeletal system morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 essential for cranial closure and craniofacial development."
    Schorle H., Meier P., Buchert M., Jaenisch R., Mitchell P.J.
    Nature 381:235-238(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• skin development Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "AP-2 factors act in concert with Notch to orchestrate terminal differentiation in skin epidermis."
    Wang X., Pasolli H.A., Williams T., Fuchs E.
    J. Cell Biol. 183:37-48(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sympathetic nervous system development Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "The transcription factors AP-2beta and AP-2alpha are required for survival of sympathetic progenitors and differentiated sympathetic neurons."
    Schmidt M., Huber L., Majdazari A., Schutz G., Williams T., Rohrer H.
    Dev. Biol. 355:89-100(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• trigeminal nerve development Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Neural tube, skeletal and body wall defects in mice lacking transcription factor AP-2."
    Zhang J., Hagopian-Donaldson S., Serbedzija G., Elsemore J., Plehn-Dujowich D., McMahon A.P., Flavell R.A., Williams T.
    Nature 381:238-241(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of the gene product at various stages of a cell, tissue or organism development. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at the protein level'.<p><a href='/help/developmental_stage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Developmental stageⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• transcription factor binding Source: MGI

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Motif

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (4+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 4 described isoforms and 5 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MLWKLTDNIK YEDCEDRHDG TSNGTARLPQ LGTVGQSPYT SAPPLSHTPN 
        60         70         80         90        100
ADFQPPYFPP PYQPIYPQSQ DPYSHVNDPY SLNPLHAQPQ PQHPGWPGQR 
       110        120        130        140        150
QSQESGLLHT HRGLPHQLSG LDPRRDYRRH EDLLHGPHAL GSGLGDLPIH 
       160        170        180        190        200
SLPHAIEDVP HVEDPGINIP DQTVIKKGPV SLSKSNSNAV SAIPINKDNL 
       210        220        230        240        250
FGGVVNPNEV FCSVPGRLSL LSSTSKYKVT VAEVQRRLSP PECLNASLLG 
       260        270        280        290        300
GVLRRAKSKN GGRSLREKLD KIGLNLPAGR RKAANVTLLT SLVEGEAVHL 
       310        320        330        340        350
ARDFGYVCET EFPAKAVAEF LNRQHSDPNE QVARKNMLLA TKQICKEFTD 
       360        370        380        390        400
LLAQDRSPLG NSRPNPILEP GIQSCLTHFN LISHGFGSPA VCAAVTALQN 
       410        420        430 
YLTEALKAMD KMYLSNNPNS HTDNSAKSSD KEEKHRK               

        10         20         30         40         50
MLWKLTDNIK YEDCEHVEDP GINIPDQTVI KKGPVSLSKS NSNAVSAIPI 
        60         70         80         90        100
NKDNLFGGVV NPNEVFCSVP GRLSLLSSTS KYKVTVAEVQ RRLSPPECLN 
       110        120        130        140        150
ASLLGGVLRR AKSKNGGRSL REKLDKIGLN LPAGRRKAAN VTLLTSLVEG 
       160        170        180        190        200
EAVHLARDFG YVCETEFPAK AVAEFLNRQH SDPNEQVARK NMLLATKQIC 
       210        220        230        240        250
KEFTDLLAQD RSPLGNSRPN PILEPGIQSC LTHFNLISHG FGSPAVCAAV 
       260        270        280        290 
TALQNYLTEA LKAMDKMYLS NNPNSHTDNS AKSSDKEEKH RK         

        10         20         30         40         50
MLVHSFSAMD RHDGTSNGTA RLPQLGTVGQ SPYTSAPPLS HTPNADFQPP 
        60         70         80         90        100
YFPPPYQPIY PQSQDPYSHV NDPYSLNPLH AQPQPQHPGW PGQRQSQESG 
       110        120        130        140        150
LLHTHRGLPH QLSGLDPRRD YRRHEDLLHG PHALGSGLGD LPIHSLPHAI 
       160        170        180        190        200
EDVPHVEDPG INIPDQTVIK KGPVSLSKSN SNAVSAIPIN KDNLFGGVVN 
       210        220        230        240        250
PNEVFCSVPG RLSLLSSTSK YKVTVAEVQR RLSPPECLNA SLLGGVLRRA 
       260        270        280        290        300
KSKNGGRSLR EKLDKIGLNL PAGRRKAANV TLLTSLVEGE AVHLARDFGY 
       310        320        330        340        350
VCETEFPAKA VAEFLNRQHS DPNEQVARKN MLLATKQICK EFTDLLAQDR 
       360        370        380        390        400
SPLGNSRPNP ILEPGIQSCL THFNLISHGF GSPAVCAAVT ALQNYLTEAL 
       410        420        430 
KAMDKMYLSN NPNSHTDNSA KSSDKEEKHR K                     

        10         20         30         40         50
MNSVVVDTPY FGGLPTLGLW NGFSRVVEAL RLISSSPSRL AFFQDRHDGT 
        60         70         80         90        100
SNGTARLPQL GTVGQSPYTS APPLSHTPNA DFQPPYFPPP YQPIYPQSQD 
       110        120        130        140        150
PYSHVNDPYS LNPLHAQPQP QHPGWPGQRQ SQESGLLHTH RGLPHQLSGL 
       160        170        180        190        200
DPRRDYRRHE DLLHGPHALG SGLGDLPIHS LPHAIEDVPH VEDPGINIPD 
       210        220        230        240        250
QTVIKKGPVS LSKSNSNAVS AIPINKDNLF GGVVNPNEVF CSVPGRLSLL 
       260        270        280        290        300
SSTSKYKVTV AEVQRRLSPP ECLNASLLGG VLRRAKSKNG GRSLREKLDK 
       310        320        330        340        350
IGLNLPAGRR KAANVTLLTS LVEGEAVHLA RDFGYVCETE FPAKAVAEFL 
       360        370        380        390        400
NRQHSDPNEQ VARKNMLLAT KQICKEFTDL LAQDRSPLGN SRPNPILEPG 
       410        420        430        440        450
IQSCLTHFNL ISHGFGSPAV CAAVTALQNY LTEALKAMDK MYLSNNPNSH 
       460 
TDNSAKSSDK EEKHRK                                      

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot