UniProtKB - P30681 (HMGB2_MOUSE)
Protein
High mobility group protein B2
Gene
Hmgb2
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Status
Functioni
Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. May act in a redox sensitive manner. In the nucleus is an abundant chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J recombination and probably other processes. Binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (By similarity). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (PubMed:9184213). Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a cytoplasmic promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (PubMed:19890330). In the extracellular compartment acts as a chemokine. Promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells implicating AGER/RAGE (By similarity). Has antimicrobial activity in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues (By similarity). Involved in inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus coupled with proinflammatory activity (PubMed:25306442). May play a role in germ cell differentiation (PubMed:11262228). Involved in modulation of neurogenesis probably by regulation of neural stem proliferation (PubMed:24391977). Involved in articular cartilage surface maintenance implicating LEF1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (PubMed:19805379).By similarity1 Publication6 Publications
Regions
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
DNA bindingi | 9 – 79 | HMG box 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 71 | |
DNA bindingi | 95 – 163 | HMG box 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 69 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- chemoattractant activity Source: MGI
- chromatin binding Source: GO_Central
- cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: AgBase
- damaged DNA binding Source: MGI
- DNA binding Source: AgBase
- DNA binding, bending Source: UniProtKB
- double-stranded DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
- non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending Source: AgBase
- protein domain specific binding Source: MGI
- RAGE receptor binding Source: MGI
- supercoiled DNA binding Source: AgBase
- transcription coactivator activity Source: MGI
- transcription factor binding Source: AgBase
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: MGI
GO - Biological processi
- cell chemotaxis Source: MGI
- cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
- chromatin remodeling Source: GO_Central
- defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: AgBase
- defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: AgBase
- DNA recombination Source: GO_Central
- DNA topological change Source: AgBase
- inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: AgBase
- innate immune response Source: UniProtKB-KW
- male gonad development Source: MGI
- negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors Source: MGI
- negative regulation of gene expression Source: AgBase
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGI
- positive regulation of DNA binding Source: MGI
- positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: MGI
- positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Source: MGI
- positive regulation of gene expression Source: AgBase
- positive regulation of innate immune response Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of interferon-beta production Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation Source: MGI
- positive regulation of nuclease activity Source: MGI
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGI
- positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGI
- regulation of neurogenesis Source: AgBase
- regulation of stem cell proliferation Source: AgBase
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: GO_Central
- regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGI
- response to lipopolysaccharide Source: AgBase
- response to steroid hormone Source: MGI
- spermatid nucleus differentiation Source: MGI
- spermatogenesis Source: MGI
Keywordsi
Molecular function | DNA-binding |
Biological process | Chemotaxis, DNA recombination, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity, Transcription, Transcription regulation |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-MMU-140342, Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: High mobility group protein B2Alternative name(s): High mobility group protein 2 Short name: HMG-2 |
Gene namesi | Name:Hmgb2 Synonyms:Hmg2 |
Organismi | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10090 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
MGIi | MGI:96157, Hmgb2 |
Subcellular locationi
Extracellular region or secreted
- Secreted By similarity
Nucleus
- Nucleus By similarity
Other locations
- Chromosome By similarity
- Cytoplasm 1 Publication
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular space Source: AgBase
Nucleus
- nuclear chromatin Source: AgBase
- nucleolus Source: MGI
- nucleoplasm Source: MGI
- nucleus Source: AgBase
Other locations
- condensed chromosome Source: UniProtKB
- cytoplasm Source: AgBase
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB
- protein-containing complex Source: MGI
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Chromosome, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, SecretedPathology & Biotechi
Disruption phenotypei
Viable, with severe reduction of sperm production in males.1 Publication
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000048535 | 1 – 210 | High mobility group protein B2Add BLAST | 210 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 3 | N6-acetyllysineBy similarity | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 23 ↔ 45 | In disulfide HMGB2; alternateBy similarity | ||
Modified residuei | 23 | Cysteine sulfonic acid (-SO3H); alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 30 | N6-acetyllysineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 35 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 43 | N6-acetyllysineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 45 | Cysteine sulfonic acid (-SO3H); alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 90 | N6-acetyllysineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 100 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 106 | Cysteine sulfonic acid (-SO3H)By similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 114 | N6-acetyllysineCombined sources | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 141 | N6-acetyllysineBy similarity | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Reduction/oxidation of cysteine residues Cys-23, Cys-45 and Cys-106 and a possible intramolecular disulfide bond involving Cys-23 and Cys-45 give rise to different redox forms with specific functional activities in various cellular compartments: 1- fully reduced HMGB2 (HMGB2C23hC45hC106h), 2- disulfide HMGB2 (HMGB2C23-C45C106h) and 3- sulfonyl HMGB2 (HMGB2C23soC45soC106so).By similarity
Keywords - PTMi
Acetylation, Disulfide bond, Oxidation, PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
CPTACi | non-CPTAC-3820 |
EPDi | P30681 |
jPOSTi | P30681 |
MaxQBi | P30681 |
PaxDbi | P30681 |
PeptideAtlasi | P30681 |
PRIDEi | P30681 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P30681 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P30681 |
SwissPalmi | P30681 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Widely expressed in embryo. In adult mainly expressed in lymphoid organs and testes (PubMed:11262228). Expressed in primary spermatocytes. Expressed in the superficial zone of articular cartilage (PubMed:19805379).2 Publications
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000054717, Expressed in forelimb bud and 205 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | P30681, baseline and differential |
Genevisiblei | P30681, MM |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Interacts with POU2F2, POU2F1 and POU3F1 (PubMed:7720710).
Component of the RAG complex composed of core components RAG1 and RAG2, and associated component HMGB1 or HMGB2 (PubMed:9184213).
Component of the SET complex, composed of at least ANP32A, APEX1, HMGB2, NME1, SET and TREX1. Directly interacts with SET (By similarity).
Interacts with LEF1 (PubMed:19805379).
By similarity3 PublicationsBinary interactionsi
P30681
With | #Exp. | IntAct |
---|---|---|
Lef1 [P27782] | 2 | EBI-6910056,EBI-984464 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- chemoattractant activity Source: MGI
- protein domain specific binding Source: MGI
- RAGE receptor binding Source: MGI
- transcription factor binding Source: AgBase
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 220633, 9 interactors |
DIPi | DIP-899N |
IntActi | P30681, 7 interactors |
MINTi | P30681 |
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000065940 |
Miscellaneous databases
RNActi | P30681, protein |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 165 – 180 | Required for chemotactic activityBy similarityAdd BLAST | 16 |
Compositional bias
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Compositional biasi | 186 – 210 | Asp/Glu-rich (acidic)Add BLAST | 25 |
Domaini
Both, HMG box 1 and HMG box 2, show antimicrobial activity.By similarity
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the HMGB family.Curated
Keywords - Domaini
RepeatPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG0381, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000154466 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_082854_0_0_1 |
InParanoidi | P30681 |
OMAi | QPFEQKA |
OrthoDBi | 1641977at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | P30681 |
TreeFami | TF105371 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.30.10, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009071, HMG_box_dom IPR036910, HMG_box_dom_sf IPR017967, HMG_boxA_CS |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00505, HMG_box, 1 hit PF09011, HMG_box_2, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00398, HMG, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF47095, SSF47095, 2 hits |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00353, HMG_BOX_1, 1 hit PS50118, HMG_BOX_2, 2 hits |
(1+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
P30681-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MGKGDPNKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTCREEHKKK HPDSSVNFAE FSKKCSERWK
60 70 80 90 100
TMSAKEKSKF EDLAKSDKAR YDREMKNYVP PKGDKKGKKK DPNAPKRPPS
110 120 130 140 150
AFFLFCSENR PKIKIEHPGL SIGDTAKKLG EMWSEQSAKD KQPYEQKAAK
160 170 180 190 200
LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKSEA GKKGPGRPTG SKKKNEPEDE EEEEEEEEEE
210
DDEEEEEDEE
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There is 1 potential isoform mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketA0A1B0GQX9 | A0A1B0GQX9_MOUSE | High mobility group protein B2 | Hmgb2 | 99 | Annotation score: |
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflicti | 7 | N → I in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 10 | R → L in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 33 | D → N in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 41 | F → I in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 47 | E → K in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 57 | K → N in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 70 – 72 | RYD → CYY in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 3 | |
Sequence conflicti | 80 | P → S in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 103 | F → C in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 117 | H → Y in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 140 | D → E in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 159 | I → F in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 164 | A → V in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 179 | T → A in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 184 – 193 | KNEPEDEEEE → NDSED in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 10 | |
Sequence conflicti | 202 | D → E in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 202 | D → E in AAG36939 (PubMed:11262228).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 202 | D → E in AAH02050 (PubMed:15489334).Curated | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 204 | E → G in CAA47900 (PubMed:1408807).Curated | 1 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X67668 mRNA Translation: CAA47900.1 Z46757 mRNA Translation: CAA86727.1 AF267733 Genomic DNA Translation: AAG36939.1 AK003773 mRNA Translation: BAB22988.1 AK008443 mRNA Translation: BAB25672.1 AK012568 mRNA Translation: BAB28323.1 AK135296 mRNA Translation: BAE22481.1 AK135297 mRNA Translation: BAE22482.1 AK146212 mRNA Translation: BAE26982.1 BC002050 mRNA Translation: AAH02050.1 BC046759 mRNA Translation: AAH46759.1 BC083108 mRNA Translation: AAH83108.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS40343.1 |
PIRi | S26062 S54774 |
RefSeqi | NP_032278.1, NM_008252.3 XP_006509587.1, XM_006509524.2 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000067925; ENSMUSP00000065940; ENSMUSG00000054717 |
GeneIDi | 97165 |
KEGGi | mmu:97165 |
UCSCi | uc009lsx.2, mouse |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X67668 mRNA Translation: CAA47900.1 Z46757 mRNA Translation: CAA86727.1 AF267733 Genomic DNA Translation: AAG36939.1 AK003773 mRNA Translation: BAB22988.1 AK008443 mRNA Translation: BAB25672.1 AK012568 mRNA Translation: BAB28323.1 AK135296 mRNA Translation: BAE22481.1 AK135297 mRNA Translation: BAE22482.1 AK146212 mRNA Translation: BAE26982.1 BC002050 mRNA Translation: AAH02050.1 BC046759 mRNA Translation: AAH46759.1 BC083108 mRNA Translation: AAH83108.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS40343.1 |
PIRi | S26062 S54774 |
RefSeqi | NP_032278.1, NM_008252.3 XP_006509587.1, XM_006509524.2 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | P30681 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 220633, 9 interactors |
DIPi | DIP-899N |
IntActi | P30681, 7 interactors |
MINTi | P30681 |
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000065940 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P30681 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P30681 |
SwissPalmi | P30681 |
Proteomic databases
CPTACi | non-CPTAC-3820 |
EPDi | P30681 |
jPOSTi | P30681 |
MaxQBi | P30681 |
PaxDbi | P30681 |
PeptideAtlasi | P30681 |
PRIDEi | P30681 |
Protocols and materials databases
Antibodypediai | 1112, 379 antibodies |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000067925; ENSMUSP00000065940; ENSMUSG00000054717 |
GeneIDi | 97165 |
KEGGi | mmu:97165 |
UCSCi | uc009lsx.2, mouse |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 3148 |
MGIi | MGI:96157, Hmgb2 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG0381, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000154466 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_082854_0_0_1 |
InParanoidi | P30681 |
OMAi | QPFEQKA |
OrthoDBi | 1641977at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | P30681 |
TreeFami | TF105371 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-MMU-140342, Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation |
Miscellaneous databases
BioGRID-ORCSi | 97165, 6 hits in 15 CRISPR screens |
ChiTaRSi | Hmgb2, mouse |
PROi | PR:P30681 |
RNActi | P30681, protein |
SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000054717, Expressed in forelimb bud and 205 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | P30681, baseline and differential |
Genevisiblei | P30681, MM |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.30.10, 2 hits |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009071, HMG_box_dom IPR036910, HMG_box_dom_sf IPR017967, HMG_boxA_CS |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00505, HMG_box, 1 hit PF09011, HMG_box_2, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00398, HMG, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF47095, SSF47095, 2 hits |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00353, HMG_BOX_1, 1 hit PS50118, HMG_BOX_2, 2 hits |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | HMGB2_MOUSE | |
Accessioni | P30681Primary (citable) accession number: P30681 Secondary accession number(s): Q3UXT1, Q9EQD5 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 1, 1993 |
Last sequence update: | January 23, 2007 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 180 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- MGD cross-references
Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families